名词性从句讲解与练习ppt课件

.,英语句子概论,.,英语句子的种类,简单句(simplesentence),并列句(compoundsentence),复合句(complexsentence),.,简单句的五种基本句型,Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语,.,并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidntlikeit.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:,and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,but,however,while,yet,or,eitheror,for,so,.,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句定语从句状语从句,主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句,.,NounClause,.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,表语,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,.,宾语,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,同位语,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,.,Practicetime：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。,1.Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.5.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.6.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,.,ObjectClauses宾语从句,.,Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾语从句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主句,（复合句）,句子做宾语就是宾语从句，跟在及物动词或介词后,句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句。,.,宾语从句的注意事项,句子类型,that,陈述句,一般疑问句,if/whether(是否),特殊疑问词,特殊疑问句,.,一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewonttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.,.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.,.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Imsorry(that)Idontknow.Weresure(that)ourteamwillwin.Imafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.,.,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导，“是否”，不能省略。,Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Letsseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.,.,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a.当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,注意whether和if的使用区别:,.,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.3.Idontknow_heiswellornot.4.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.5.Idontknow_Ishouldgo.,if/whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,_togo.,whether,.,3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what,who,whom,which,whosewhen,where,how,why等）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。,Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idontrememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewhowhomwehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?,.,二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。,Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.,.,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.,.,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。,Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.,.,三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。,Idontknowwhatisthematterthetroublewrongwithhim.,.,1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.,.,1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that,D,A,B,C,.,5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive,C,B,D,.,8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgo,B,C,D,.,PredicativeClauses表语从句,.,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem,.,连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引导表语从句)who/whom/whose/which/whatwhen/where/why/how/because,Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.,.,注意：,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“if”。一般情况下，“that”不能省。Itis/wasbecause.Itis/waswhy.3.Thereason(why/for)is/wasthat.4Thereasonisbecause/why,that.,.,1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when,.,SubjectClauses主语从句,.,主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分。,1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3)Whathesaidisnottrue.4)Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5)Whoevercomesiswelcome.6)Itscertainthathewillsucceed.,7)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.,8)Whentheyllstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.,.,一.由that引导that无意义,后接一个完整的句子.that不可省。1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3._isapity.(你错过了这次机会),Thattheearthisround,Thatyoumissedthechance,二whether“if”不能引导主语从句三.疑问词,引导词,.,注意一:主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-由连词whether,连接代词what,who,which和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导,也常常后置:,Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.,Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.,.,It的用法：（形式主语）Itpossible/important/necessary/clearthat很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚Itssaid/reportedthat.据说/据报道Itsbeenannounced/declaredthat.已经通知/宣布Itseems/appears/happens.that显然、明显、碰巧.Itsnowonderthat并不奇怪/无疑Itsapity/afact/acommonknowledge(众所周知/acommonsaying.（俗话说）,.,注意二注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定Whatheneeds_is_thatbook.Whatheneeds_are_somebooks.,.,what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.,注意三：What与that引导主语从句,.,_hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How,2._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere,3._isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_theFirstWorld.Which;belongtob.As,belongedtoc.What;belongingtod.It;belongingto,.,4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhave,同位语从句1.跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。常用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。Suggestion,suggestorderdemandwish等2.常用连词：that;when,where,why,how,e.g.1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。2.问题是他如何做这件事的。,WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy.,Itsthequestionhowhedidit.,.,注意：1.同位语从句多用that引导，无意义不可省。,2.在havenoidea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句。,Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.,.,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.,_,Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,_,WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.,.,4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.,5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.,_,ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,_,Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.,_,_,ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.,比较：1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.我们希望他们再来中国访问。,定语从句,同位语从句,区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等。同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“.的”连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略。,.,Practice:判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1.TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.2.ThehopethatsheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.4.Icantstandtheterriblenoisethatsheiscryingloudly.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,1._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/that,B,A,B,3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis_heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason,4_hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhat,D,A,6-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited,A,A,._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe_hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinued,B,A,B,.,12.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor_buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept_helphecanget.(05)A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever,.,14.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernorsstatement_wouldsupportataxcut.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15._manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,.,1.Canyoumakesure_thegoldrings?A.whereshehadputB.wherehadsheputC.whereshehasputD.wherehassheput,2.Thereasonthathasbeensuchasuccess_henevergivesup.A.isB.isbecauseC.isthatD.iswhat,3._breaksthelawshouldbepunished.AWhoeverb.Nomatterwhoc.anyone.d.who,.,4.Thatis_Ihadtotaketheriskofbeingwashedaway.A.whyB.reasonwhyC.howD.what5.Do_youthinkisright_difficultiesyoumayhave.A.what;howeverB.that;whateverC.whatever;whoeverD.what;what