外文翻译：Wincc在供热站恒压供水监控系统中的应用

附件1：外文资料翻译译文Wincc在供热站恒压供水监控系统中的应用1. 恒压供水基本工作原理系统采用变频调速方式自动调节谁笨点击转速或加、减泵。它主要是由变频调速系统、PID。调节器、压力传感器、液位传感器、动力控制线路等组成，用户通过上位监控系统或控制柜面板上的指示灯、按钮、转换开关来了解和控制系统的运行。在基于PID的控制方式下，操作人员在操作界面设定供水压力，PLC对压力设定值和测量值的偏差进行PID运算，并通过变频器调节配水泵系统转速，是供水压力保持在设定值。2.系统的硬件配置本系统采用西门子公司的S7-200系列PLC及其组态软件Winccv6.0构成恒压供水控制系统，实现供水过程的压力监控，工业以太网用于PLC控制器和计算机操作站之间的通讯，远程I/O网用于PLC控制器与变频器、软启动器的设备之间的通讯，PLC控制权威主要用来检测和控制供水系统和供电系统、用于1#4#加压泵的变频器采用ABB公司的ACS510-01-031A4变频器，HMI操作站选用DELL计算机，工控机。服务器的工业以太网通讯网卡采用西门子公司的CP1612.3.系统的软件设计本控制系统软件采用西门子公司的PCS7V5.2软件包，PLC控制器采用STEP7V5.2，HMI监控系统采用Winccv6.0版本，HMI服务器和操作站都采用的是Windows2000操作系统具有开放的编程环境.供热站使用Wincc组态软件主要监控恒压供水系统和输煤廊两部分。实现对系统的自动检测和自动控制。检测恒压供水和输煤廊运行设备的各项参数，实现实时数据的采集、上传、实时显示和记录。控制机组运行、故障的自动停机和报警操作。在恒压供水系统设定供水压力参数，实时监控调节加压泵，使供水压力保持定值。在输煤廊中控制给煤量和给煤速度，检测给煤质量（煤的粉碎成都和含杂质量）。基于PLC的模糊空盒子恒压供水系统设计1 恒压供水系统组成供水系统又可编程控制器、变频器、压力变送器、接触器组和水泵机组等组成。可编程控制器选用AB公司的ControLogix系统，它包括Logix5550控制器、模拟量输入模块、数字量输入输出模块及通信模块，其中模拟量输入模块用来检测出水口压力信号，数字量输入模块用来检测各种开关量，数字量输出模块用来控制点击和阀门的启、停。变频器选用AB公司的1336Plos变频器，变频器与控制器通过Devi2 ceNet网络进行通信。2 恒压供水原理在出水管道上安装压力传感器，将出口水压力信号转换为电信号，送PLC进行模糊推力运算后，输出控制信号到变频器，调节水泵点击的运转速度，知道消除实际谁呀与设定水压的偏差，实现恒压供水，可编程控制器同时控制水泵的启、停。当系统开始工作时由变频器控制启动1号泵变频运行。若用户用水量增加变频器的输出频率上升到50Hz水压仍达不到设定值，则将2号泵切换为工频运行;变频器再启动3号泵运转，知道输出水压达到设定值为止。繁殖托用户用水量减少，则依照“先启后停”原则一次将水泵切除。如此反复循环，实现系统的恒压供水。3 Fuzzy2PI控制算法由于供水系统的许多环节（如管网和水泵）存在非线性、时变性，且各个变量之间还存在交叉耦合，所以难以建立系统精确的数学模型，对于这样一个复杂的过程，仅仅用传统的PID控制很难达到理想的控制效果。模糊控制具有不依赖于数学模型和对参数变化不敏感的优点，将模糊控制应用于供水系统中，可以提高控制系统的动态性能，但是模糊控制系统的稳态性能不佳，为此设计了一种Fuzzy2PI双模控制，如图2所示，其设计思想是：当压力误差较大时采用Fuzzy控制，以获得良好的瞬态响应；当压力误差较小进入稳态后，则由程序切换到PI控制，以获得良好的稳态精度，PI控制算法和模糊控制算法均有PLC实现切换时机计算机程序根据事先给定的误差范围自动实现。本系统采用双输入单输出模糊控制器，以水压给定值和测量值的误差e及误差变化率ec作为模糊控制器的输入语言变量，一变频器频率变化量u作为输出语言变量。选取误差e、误差率ec和控制量u的模糊自己为NB,NS,ZE,PS,PB,并将它们的论域量化为7个等级，即-3，-2，-1，0，1，2，3，模糊子集的隶属函数采用三角形，根据现场经验总结出模糊控制规则，如表1所示。根据这些规则计算总的模糊关系R:式中x、U代表模糊关系矩阵的“笛卡尔积”和“并”运算。再根据极大极小推力合成规则求出输出语言变量论域上的模糊集合U：最后对U采用加权平均法进行解模糊，将模糊量U转换成精确量u，上述过程是离线进行的，最终得到模糊控制查询表，如图2所示。将此表存放在PLC内存中，实时控制实现模糊控制的过程便简化为查找查询表的过程。4 程序设计RSLogix5000是支持Logix5000系统控制器的编程软件，程序用梯形图语言编写，包括水泵启动和切换主程序、PI控制子程序、模糊控制子程序和故障报警子程序，当采样时间到时，PLC采集水压信号，并与给定信号比较得到误差e，若ee0，则进入模糊控制子程序。图3是模糊控制子程序框图。由于RSLogix5000软件提供了数组标签，因此可以用梯形图语言方便地实现模糊控制算法。在标签数据库中建立一个7x7的二维数组标签array，将查询表2的结果按照从上倒下，从左到右的顺序一次输入到数组标签中，由于E、Ec的量化等级为【-3，3】，而数组标签array的其实地址为【0，0】,因此在寻址时需要加偏移量，即：u=array（i+3，j+3），模糊控制器将计算得到的实测误差e和误差变化量ec量化，取得以相应论域元素表征的查找查询表所需的i和j，通过数组标签array寻址得到控制量变化uij，uij再乘以比例因子便是控制量变化量u。加在被控对象的实际控制量uk=uk-1+u，其中uk-1为前一次的控制量。uk经过限幅后作为变频器的输出，控制水泵点击的转速，是水压保持在给定值上。5 变频恒压供水系统的参数选取合理选取压力控制参数，实现系统低能耗恒压供水。这个目的的实现关键在于压力控制参数的选取，通常管网压力控制点的选择有两个；一个就是管网最不利点压力恒压控制，另一个就是泵出口压力恒压控制。两者如何选择，我们来简单分析一下管网最不利点压力恒定时。管网用水量由QMAX减少到Q1与Ha交与B点，用水管路特性曲线A上移并通过B点，管网最不利点压力变为Hb,Hb-H0的扬程差即为能量浪费，所以选择管网最不利点的最小水头为压力控制参数，形成闭环压力自控系统，是得水泵的转速与PID调节器设定压力相匹配，可以达到最大节能效果，而且实现了恒压供水的目的。变频器在投入运行后的调试是保证系统达到最佳运行状态的必要手段。变频器根据负载的转动惯量的大小，在启动和停止电机时所需的时间不相同，设定时间过短会导致变频器在加速时过电流、在减速时过电压保护；设定时间过长会导致变频器在调速运行时使系统变的调节缓慢，反应迟滞，应变能力差，系统易处在短期不稳定状态中。为了变频器不跳闸保护，现场使用当中的许多变频器达不到最佳运行状态。所以现场使用时要根据所驱动的负载性质不同，测试出负载的允许最短加减速时间，运行设定。对于水泵电机，加减速时间的选择在0.2-20秒之间。附件2：外文原文Wincc in heating supply stapply stations Constant Pressure Monitoring System Application onstant voltage supply basic working principleSystem uses Automatic Frequency Control regulation or pump motor speed. Plus or minus pump.It is primarily by the Frequency Control System.PID regulator,pressure sensors,liquid level sensor power control circuits and other conponents.Host users control system or control board light over-the-counter transactions,buttons,switchto understand and control systen operation,Based on the PID control mode,the operator interface settings in water pressure,PLC to pressure settings and measured valucs for the deviation PID operation and regulation of distribution through inverter pump speed,so that water pressure was maintained at the set value.Systen hanlware configurationThe system uses Siernens S7-200 PLC and its configuration software constitute a constant WinCC V6.0 Water pressure control system,water pressure monitoring process.Industroal Ethernct controller for PLC and the operator station computer communication betwween the Remote I/O network for the PLC and the operator station compuler communication betwween the Remote I/O network for the PLC controller and inverter,the soft starter of communication betwween equipment.PLC controller mainly used to monitor and control water and electricity systems.For1#-4#pressurized pump converter using the ABB Acs510-01-031A4 inverter,HMI operatostation selection DELL conputers,conputer,Industrial Ethernet server card Siemens conmmunications company CP1612.Software design of SystenThe control system software company Siemens PCS7V5.2 package,STEP7V5.2 PLC controller mainly used to monitor and control water and electricity systems.For 1#4# pressurized pump converter using the ABB ACS510-031A4 inveter,HMI operatorstation selection DELL puter,Industrial Ethernet server card Siemens communications company Cp1612Software design of System The control system software company Siemens PCS7V5.2 package.STEPV5.2 PLC controller.HMImonitoring system used WinCCV6.0 version.HMI server and operating station are using the Windows2000 operating system to have an open programming environment.Heating Sation Wincc configuration control software maior constant pressure water system and coal Gallery in two parts.Implemention of the system of automatic detection and automatic control.Detection constant pressure water and coal Gallcry equipment operation parameters.the real-time data acquisition.uploads.real-time data acquisition.uploads,real-time display and recording.Ciontrol unit operation.fault alarm and automatic parking operation .Theconstant pressureof water supply pressure system configuration parameters.real-time monitoring regulatory pressure pumps water pressure and so valued.CoalHanding Gallery in to control the volume.of coal to speed,to monitor the quality of coal (coal crushing degree of quality and impurity)PLC-Based Fuzzy Constant water suppl;y system design constant pressure water system components.From the water supply system programmable controller,inverter,pressure transmiter,and the constact group on the pump unit and other components.Programmable controller selection of AB ControlLogix system.It includes Logix5550 controller,analog input modules,digital input and output modules and communication modutes.Which analog input modute used to test the water pressure on the export signal,digital input module and valves Kai stopped.Inverselection of AB 1336 Plus Inverter.Inverter and Devi2 cenet controller thtough the network for communication.Constant Pressure Water PrincipleThe outlet channel of pressure sensor installation will export water pressure signals are converted to electrical signals, send PLC fuzzy inference operation, the output control signals to the converter, regulating the operation of pump motor speed, until the actual elimination of hydraulic pressure and set the deviation, constant voltage supply. Programmable controller can control pumps Kai stopped. When the system started working, inverter control from start on 1st pump frequency operation. If users increased consumption of the converter output frequency up to 50 Hz, the pressure will still be less than the set value, then after some time delay, on the 1st of the pump switching frequency operation; Inverter start again on the 2nd pump operation. If pressure is less than the set value, they will be on the 2nd to pump switching frequency operation; Inverter start again on the 3rd pump operation until the output pressure settings to achieve so far. However, if users to reduce water consumption, in accordance with the “Kai-stop” principle will be followed with pumps. This cycle repeatedly to achieve constant pressure water system.Fuzzy2PI control algorithmAs the water supply system in many areas (such as the pipe network and pumps) nonlinear, time-varying, and the variables still exist between the cross-coupling, so it is difficult to establish a precise mathematical system model. For such a complicated process that merely using the conventional PID control is difficult to achieve the desired control. Fuzzy control is not dependent on the mathematical model and the right parameters sensitive to the merits, Fuzzy used to control the water supply system, we can improve the control system dynamic performance. But Fuzzy Control System steady-state performance is poor, this design of a dual-mode Fuzzy2PI control, As shown in figure 2, and its design thinking is; when the pressure is greater error when using fuzzy control, to obtain good transient; When the pressure on the stead-state error into smaller, switched to process from PI control, to obtain good steady precision. PI control algorithms and fuzzy control algorithms are PLC, switching time by a computer program based on prior to the error autormatically.The system uses two-input single-output fuzzy controller. to pressure the desired value and the measurement of e error and the error as a fuzzy controller input linguistic variables, transducer frequency variation u language as output variables. To e error, the error rate ec and control volume u fuzzy subset of ( NB,NS,ZE,PS,PB) and they quantified the domain of seven grades, (-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3). Fuzzy subset of the membership function used triangle. Initial experience of fuzzy control rules, as shown in table 1. Under these rules calculation of the total fuzzy relation R:Where x, U fuzzy relationship matrix on behalf of the “Cartesian” and the “and” operator. According minimax inference rules synthesis of output variables language domain of fuzzy sets U:U Finally, the weighted average method used for solutions vague and fuzzy volume U converted into precise amount u. The process is carried out offline, eventually Fuzzy Control Table, as shown in table 2. This form of the PLC memory storage, real-time control, fuzzy control would streamline the process for finding inquiries on the questionnaire process.Parametric Selection of Frequency-water systema reasonable selection pressure control parameters constant pressure to achieve energy-supply system. The realization of is this objective the key is pressure control parameter selection, usually pipe network pressure control point two choice: a pipe network is the most negative pressure on constant pressure control and the other is the constant pressure pump outlet.pressure control. How will the two choices, we have to analyze simple Network pressure on the most disadvantaged constant, the water pipe network by QMAX reduced to Q1, pumps reduce speed, and water characteristic curve of A (unchanged) at the intersection point C, pump characteristic curve downward, network pressure on the most disadvantaged H0. And the pump outlet pressure constant pressure control, Ha unchanged, reduce water consumption by QMAX QI and Ha to pay to point B, water characteristic curve upward A through B, the network most disadvantaged Hb pressure into points. Hb-H0 lift the poor namely, energy waste, so I chose the most disadvantaged network points for the smallest head pressure control parameters. Formation pressure on the close