最实用厦门英语文化学习：欧洲文化入门”听课笔记--厦门韦博英语培训提供

去网络学习英语，更方便，更快最实用的最新厦门英语文化学习：欧洲文化入门“讲座笔记厦门微博英语教学提供最实用的最新厦门英语文化学习：欧洲文化入门“讲座笔记厦门微博英语教学提供最实用的最新厦门英语文化学习：欧洲文化入门“讲座笔记厦门微博英语教学提供厦门微博英语：欧洲文化入门讲座笔记1.希腊罗马Homer Author of epics萨波里克波尼特三大悲剧：Aeschylus Tragic dramatistSophos tragic dramatist有缝ides tragic dramatist喜剧演员：Aristophanes Comedy writer历史学家：Herod otus wrote about wars between Greeks and Persians father of historythucy dides wrote about wars between Athens and Sparta and Athens and syra cusethe greatest historian that have ever lived哲学和科学：pytthagoras all things were numbers founder of scientific mathematicshera coleitue fire is the primary elementDemocritus materialist，one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theorySocrates dissect of oneself，virtue was high worth of life，dialectal methodPlato man have knowledge because of the existence of certain general ideasAristotle direct observation、theory follow fact、idea and matter together madeConcrete individual realitiesEuclid a textbook of geometryarchimes when a body is immersed in water its loss of weight is equal to theweight of the water displaced give me a place to stand I ll move The World others Diogenes(the cynics)pyrhon(the sceptics)epi curus(the epi curanes)Zeno(the Stoics)4th century B.C后期希腊在亚历山大和麦克唐国王的领导下，5th century B.C达到顶点，146b.c .被罗马攻陷2.基督教和圣经Jews以前称为Hebrews，3800B。1300B，穿越被称为c的中东沙漠。C.Moses率领Hebrews离开埃及，开始他们的Exodus，ten commandments in the name of God，40年后Hebrews在Pelestine定居，The old Testament住在第一个罗马帝国Augustus的Jesus Christ，emperor Constantine 1在313年合法宣布基督教，Emperor Theodosius在392年宣布基督教为国教。Hebrew的历史口头传达写在the old Testament上，旧约包含39本书，写了1000b.c. - 100a.d .的工作。最重要的前5个是Pentateuch，旧约主要由Hebrew写，新文本主要以Greek的形式包含14本书，最古老的Latin Bible被称为Vulgate，1382年被John Wycliff翻译成英语，Greek Bible3.中世纪始于476年西罗马帝国的衰落5-11世纪A period in which classical，Hebrew and gohic heritage merged1054年，教会分成the Roman Catholic church and the eastern orthodox church与Moslems对抗，我们启动了Crusades查尔斯马泰尔告诉士兵estates known as fiefs in 732St. Thomas Aquinas(Scholasticism)写了Summa Theologica，这本书sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology他写了feudal hierarchy(charemagne and Alfred the great encouraged learning by setting up monastery schools .they copied various ancient books and translated the Latin works into the ven acularRoger backon and experiemental science one of the earliest advocites of scientific research，called for careful observation但丁新歌Dante of the landmarks of world literatureChaucer first modern poet in English literature文艺复兴和宗教改革14th and 17th century starting in Florence and Veniceboccaccio the greatest achievement of prose fiction in中世纪Peter arch sonnet，father of modern poetry文艺复兴早期艺术家：Giotto forerunner of renaissancebrunel schi shoved a systematic use of perspectivedonatello one of the first artists engaged in anatomyGiorgio ne made happy use of colour schemes to unify his pictures意大利文艺复兴鼎盛时期的四位艺术家：达芬奇米歇尔安吉洛Raphael Known for histititian oil color the most prolific of the great venetian painters of western worldPre-Luther Religious ReformersJohn wyecliffe chief forerunner of the reformation，took up the translation of the bible into English for the first time in 1382Janhus Czech reliegious leader约翰加尔文基督教教义one of the most influential theological works CalvinismRabelais rabelre巨人传递French写入程序。Ron ard pleiade七星诗代表法国第一位现代抒情诗人蒙太尼蒙塔随笔集French WriterCervantes father of modern europen novel SpainThomas More British写入程序沙凯斯佩尔的作品包含哈姆雷特麦克白奥赛罗李尔王威尼斯商人每12天晚上都非常高兴的罗密欧与朱丽叶安东尼和克利奥帕特拉亨利4世亨利5世克罗wnded literature of England代表欧洲文艺复兴的最高成就警察ernicus the father of modern astronomy现代天文学之父VESA lius marked the beginning of a new era in the study of anatomy(解剖学)founder of modern medicinealdus mantis foremost printer in ItalyMachiavelli father of political science波萨拉1492年，Columbus发现了America1487，迪亚斯发现了the cape of good hope1497，多伽玛发现the route to India round the cape of good hope5.17世纪哥白尼天体运行论although he did not belong to the 17 th century he was the forerunner of modern medicinethe three laws of planety motion(the three laws of planety motion，开普勒 s law)德国国家three laws formed the basis of all modern planes tary astronomy and led to Newton伽利略意大利acceleration in dynamics，the law of inertia，the law of falling bodies动态加速度，惯性定律，自由落体定律牛顿英国leib niz distinguishes three levels of understanding : self-conicious(意识)conscious/subconicious(潜意识)他和NewtonMilton areo pagitica，English revolutionBacon Knowledge is power英国反对deductive method，创立了哲学必须与神学分离的inductive methodHobbes levert materialist(knowledge come from experience)social contract英国认为最好的治理方式是monarchy锁定政治论materia list views(ideas derived from sensor or from reflection)social contract英国在英国革命中有两位领导人克罗姆威尔和约翰米尔顿Cromwell the man of actionJohn Milton the man of thought在英国文学史上的ranks with Shakespear and Chaucer笛卡尔笛卡尔直角坐标系bt I think therefore I am法国it is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with bacon in England and Descartes in FranceCorneille gornai以法国第一场古典主义悲剧表达了责任和爱的矛盾Racine the greatest tragic dramatist of French neo classical theatre表达情感和理性的矛盾莫莉莱达杜夫愤世嫉俗的吝啬鬼the best re presentative dramatist of French c