模块2第一单元讲义

第三讲：必修二一：语法部分：区分现在完成时（一般完成时have done）和现在完成进行时（have been doing）1. 区分have been done和have been doing: have been done 只是一般完成时的被动态，和现在完成时有本质上的区别。2. Have done表示：1.已经完成你追忆起来。2.提到的时候不一定完成，但是在这段时间内并没有坚持的做一件事3.必须要用完成时的情况：A:it/this is /will be the first,second,time that+完成时的从句（已经是第几次） B:it is +adj.est+n+完成时从句（这是我经历过的最的一件事） 4.现在完成时的时间状语：A现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。除非在这些词前面加上since表示自从的含义。B用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 C.用ever和never.表示“曾 经”或“从未“。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。D另外一些时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。3. have been doing：1.从过去某一时间开始，一直在做，还没做完 2. 带感情色彩（尤其与频度副词相配合时） She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。4.两者的区分：1.表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know， sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。 2.have done已完成而且不强调一段时间内不停地做某事，have been doing未完成，而且一直在做注意事项：I. have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人还在那个地方）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have _to Beijing twice.He has gone to Beijing .(翻译) II.不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。判断对错：I have received his letter for a month.I havent received his letter for almost a month.II短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换如： fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill)get to know know begin,(start) be on open be open buy have get up be up die be deadgo out be out come be inclosebe closed arrivebe here joinbe in, be a +名词 finish( end )be over leave, move be away, borrow keep go to schoolbe a student catch(a cold) have(a cold)begin to studystudy come backbe back put onwear 或be on练习：1.Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has been writing5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.am seeing D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15、It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has been C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18.The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away21.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened22.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become23.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over24.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became25. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned26.Mr Li swimming for 3 hours, and his son an hour ago.A. has been, started B.have started, has startedC.started, started D. Has started, has started27-How long you stamps? -Since two years ago.A. have, collect B.have, been collecting C.did, collect D.are, collecting28.She had a headache because she too long. She ought to shop.A. has been reading B.had read C.is reading D.read29.The boy TV all the morning.A. has watched B.had watched C.has been watching D.watched30.- have you been learning to swim? -Half a year.A. How long B. How often C.How far D.When31.Our teacher has been teaching in this school for .A. two year and a half B.two and a half yearC.two years and half D.two and a half years32.He it for two hours, and hes still watching now.A. has been watched B.watching C.has been watching D.is watching第二部分：词汇一：重点动词1.Disappear（appearance）appear to：seems like（appear因果关系和look，seem推测）2.Witness3.Occur :（与happen，take place辨析happen指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。Take place： 举行某种活动 ）4.agree和disagree5.award（award和reward的区别：reward是报酬，回报，酬劳，就是某人做了一件事就可以拿到相应的报酬。而award是奖励，通常用作奖项等，比如Oscar Award）6.attack（both in remark and physical）7.examine:检查（正式，提前准备好的）check：随即检查，停车检查8.survive：生存 vi. 活下来，幸存；残存：the people who survive in the warvt. 比活得长：My grandma survived my grandpa by ten years.我祖父去世以后，我祖母又活了十年。二：重点词组1.step up：加紧，加强，插手2.due to：由于3.show up：现身4.look into5.human being6.belong to三：重点名词1.possiblility2.journalist3.mystery4.statement5.humor6.Discount7.dozen四：形容词，副词1.puzzled2.aboard：在轮船上，abroad3.appropriate4.enthusiastic8第三部分：快速阅读Homework is a great way for kids to develop independent, lifelong learning skills, so here are some general homework tips for parents: Make sure your child has a quiet, well-lit place to do homework.Avoid having your child do homework with the television on or in places with other distractions, such as people coming and going. Make sure the materials your child needs, such as some paper, pencils and a dictionary, are available.Ask your child if special materials will be needed for some projects and get them in advance. Help your child with time management.Establish a set time each day for doing homework. Dont let your child leave homework until just before bedtime. Think about using a weekend morning or afternoon for working on big projects, especially if the project involves getting together with classmates. Be positive about homework.Tell your child how important school is. The attitude you express about homework will be the attitude your child acquires. When your child asks for help, provide guidance, not answers.Giving answers means your child will not learn the material. Too much help teaches your child that when the going gets rough, someone will do the work for him or her.Cooperation with the teacher. It shows your child that the school and home are a team. Follow the directions given by the teacher. Reward pr