从合作原则看英语委婉语研究 _0

精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创1/42从合作原则看英语委婉语研究5ABSTRACTTHEWORD“EUPHEMISM”COMESFROMTHEGREEK,EUMEANS“GOOD”,ANDPHEME,“SPEECH”OR“SAYING”,ANDTOGETHERITMEANSLITERALLY“TOSPEAKWITHGOODWORDSORINAPLEASANTMANNER”EUPHEMISM,ASACULTURALPHENOMENONASWELLASALINGUISTICCONCEPT,HASATTRACTEDPEOPLESATTENTIONFORALONGTIMEITHASLONGBEENATOPICOFMUCHINTERESTGENERALLYSPEAKING,PEOPLEWOULDUSEMOREEUPHEMISMSINCOMMUNICATINGWITHTHEOPPOSITESEXWOMENWOULDUSEMORETHANMENWOULDOLDERPEOPLEWOULDUSEMORETHANYOUNGERGENERATIONSPEOPLEWOULDMOREUSEEUPHEMISMSIN“POWER“RELATIONSTHANINCLOSERELATIONSPEOPLEWITHHIGHEREDUCATIONWOULDUSEMOREEUPHEMISMSTHEABOVEFACTORSAGE,SEX,SOCIALSTATUS,EDUCATION,ETCDONOTWORKSEPARATELYINCOMMUNICATING,THEYAREINTERLACEDWITHEACHOTHERANDGUIDEOURCHOICEOFEUPHEMISMSWHETHERTOUSEEUPHEMISMSORTABOOWORDSALSODEPENDS,TOALARGEEXTENT,ONTHEATTITUDESOFPARTICIPANTSANDTHEPURPOSEOFCONVERSATIONSTHEARTICLECONSISTSOF精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创2/42SIXPARTSPARTONEEXPLAINSWHATTHEMEANINGOFEUPHEMISMISPARTTWOISSAYINGTHECOOPERATIVEPRINCIPLEINBRIEFLYCOOPERATIVEPRINCIPLE,THECORNERSTONETHEORYOFPRAGMATICS,ISONEOFTHEMAINPRINCIPLESTHATGUIDEPEOPLESCOMMUNICATIONTHECOOPERATIVEPRINCIPLEANDITSMAXIMSCANEXPLAINWHATTHELITERALMEANINGISANDITSREALINTENTIONINCOMMUNICATIONANDENSURETHATINANEXCHANGEOFCONVERSATIONPARTTHREEPRESENTS,THEFORMATIONEUPHEMISM,NAMELY,FORMALINNOVATION,SEMANTICINNOVATION,RHETORICALDEVICES,ANDGRAMMATICALWAYSPARTFOURDISCUSSESTHECOMMUNICATIVEFUNCTIONOFEUPHEMISMISSUBSTITUTION,POLITENESS,DISGUISE,DEFENSE,ETCPARTFIVESERVESASTHEMAINBODYOFTHISARTICLEGENERALLYSPEAKING,EUPHEMISMSVIOLATETHEQUALITY,QUANTITYANDMANNERMAXIMOFTHECPDUETODIFFERENTREASONSLIKESUBSTITUTION,DISGUISEETCANDBASICALLYEUPHEMISMSOBSERVETHERELATIONMAXIMFROMTHEANALYSIS,ITCANBEALSOFOUNDTHATSOMETIMESANEUPHEMISMCANBEREGARDEDASVIOLATIONOFTWOMAXIMSOFTHECPATTHESAMETIMEPARTSIX精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创3/42CONCLUDESTHEWHOLEARTICLEKEYWORDSCOOPERATIVEPRINCIPLEEUPHEMISMCOMMUNICATIVEFUNCTION【摘要】委婉语一词起源于希腊语。EU意思是“好的”，PHEME意思是“话语”，因此字面上的意思是说好听的话或用礼貌的方式说话。委婉语是一个语言学概念，同时也是一种文化现象，长久以来一直受到人们的关注。总体上讲人们在与异性进行言语交际时，要比在同性面前更多地使用委婉语，女性要比男性更多地使用委婉语，年长的人要比年青的人更多地使用委婉语。人们在“权势关系”的语境中往往要比在“亲密关系”的语境中更多地使用委婉语。受教育程度越高的人，越注意自己的言谈，因而更多地使用委婉语。上述因素年龄、性别、社会地位、教育等并不孤立存在，在交际中，他们交织在一起决定着委婉语的使用。是否使用委婉语还要考虑说话者的态度和交谈的目的。文章由六个部分组成。第一部分解释了什么是委婉语。第二部分简单列出合作原则的各项原则。它作为语用学的理论基石之一，是指导人们语言交际的原则之一。它可以很好地解释话语的字面意义和实际意义的关系，这对于交际委婉语显得尤为重要。第三部分说明委婉语的构成精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创4/42可以有很多种方式形式变化，语义变化，修辞手段和语法手段。第四部分阐述了交际委婉语出于替代、掩饰、和礼貌等功能。第五部分是文章的主体，并说明委婉语出于替代、掩饰、和礼貌等原因主要违反了合作原则中的质、量和方式三个次则，基本上是遵循了合作原则中的相关原则。第六部分总结全文。【关键字】合作原则委婉语交际功能1INTRODUCTIONINTHEOXFORDADVANCEDLEARNERSENGLISHCHINESEDICTIONARYTHEEXPLANATIONOFEUPHEMISMIS“USEOFPLEASANT,MILDORINDIRECTWORDSORPHRASESINPLACEOFMOREACCURATEORDIRECTONES“1ANDINTHELONGMANDICTIONARYOFCONTEMPORARYENGLISHTHEEXPLANATIONOFEUPHEMISMIS“THEUSEOFAPLEASANTER,LESSDIRECTNAMEFORSOMETHINGTHOUGHTTOBEUNPLEASANT“2FOREXAMPLE,THEMANWHOWANTSTOUSTOCALLHIMA“SANITATIONENGINEER”INSTEADOFA“GARBAGEMAN”ISHOPINGWEWILLTREATHIMWITHMORERESPECTTHANWE精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创5/42PRESENTLYDO“THEWORDEUPHEMISMCOMESFROMTHEGREEKEUMEANINGGOODANDPHEMEMEANINGSPEECHORSAYING,ANDTHUSMEANSLITERALLYTOSPEAKWITHGOODWORDSORINAPLEASANTMANNER“3EUPHEMISMSHAVEVARIOUSREASONSFOREXISTENCETHEYCONCEALTHETHINGSPEOPLEFEARTHEMOSTDEATH,THEDEAD,THESUPERNATURALTHEYCOVERUPTHEFACTSOFLIFEOFSEXANDREPRODUCTIONANDEXCRETIONWHICHINEVITABLYREMINDEVENTHEMOSTREFINEDPEOPLETHATTHEYAREMADEOFCLAY,ORWORSETHEYAREBELOVEDBYINDIVIDUALSANDINSTITUTIONSTHATAREANXIOUSTOPRESENTONLYTHEHANDSOMESTPOSSIBLEIMAGESOFTHEMSELVESTOTHEWORLDANDTHEYAREIMBEDDEDSODEEPLYINOURLANGUAGETHATFEWOFUS,EVENTHOSEWHOPRIDETHEMSELVESONBEINGPLAINSPOKEN,EVERGETTHROUGHADAYWITHOUTUSINGTHEMBUTSOMEPEOPLESTILLMISTAKETHEEUPHEMISMSINTHECONVERSATIONBYTHECOOPERATIVEPRINCIPLEVIOLATINGTHECP,PEOPLEALSOCANCONTINUETHECONVERSATIONWITHEUPHEMISMS,WHICHMAKETHEAUTHORINTERESTINATTITUDESOF精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创6/42PARTICIPANTSANDTHEPURPOSEOFCONVERSATIONTHATISOURBODYTODAY2FORMATIONOFEUPHEMISMS21FORMALINNOVATIONTOAVOIDTHEEMERGENCEOFCERTAINLETTERORSOUNDMAYACHIEVETHEEFFECTOFEUPHEMIZINGTHEFORMALINNOVATIONCANHIDEAUDIOVISUALLYTHOSEWORDSWEDONTWANTTOSAYORWESHOULDNTSAYSOASTOACHIEVEBETTEROUTCOMEINCOMMUNICATION211ABBREVIATIONABBREVIATIONISTHESHORTENINGOFAWORDANDMAYBESEENINTHEUSEOFTHEBRITISHEXPRESSIONLADIESFORLADIESROOMTHEREALSOISGENTSFORGENTLEMENSROOM212APOCOPATION精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创7/42APOCOPATIONISANOTHERFORMOFABBREVIATIONAPPARENTINTHEUSEOFVAMPFORVAMPIREHEREMEANINGASEDUCTIVEWOMANANDLAVISFORLAVATORYHOMOISFORHOMOSEXUALCOCAISFORCOCAINEBRAISFORBRASSIERE213INITIALINGINITIALINGISTHEUSEOFACRONYMSINSTEADOFTHEIRCOMPONENTPARTSASIN“JCFOR“JESUSCHRIST”,BMFORBOWELMOVEMENT“4,“WCFORWATERCLOSET,BOFORBODYODOR,VDFORVENEREALDISEASE,AIDSFORACQUIREDIMMUNEDEFICIENCYSYNDROME,SARSFORSEVEREACUTERESPIRATORYSYNDROME“5214BACKFORMINGBACKFORMINGISTHESUBSTITUTIONFORONEPARTOFSPEECHFORANOTHER,ASIN“BURGLEWHICHISDERIVEDFROMBURGLAR“6215REDUPLICATION精品文档2016全新精品资料全新公文范文全程指导写作独家原创8/42REDUPLICATIONISTHEREPETITIONOFASYLLABLEORLETTEROFAWORDPARTICULARLYCOMMONINCHILDRENSBATHROOM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