讲义GRE写作onepass

GRE写作One-Pass,张禄,35.ThefollowingappearedinaletterfromtheowneroftheSunnysideTowersapartmentcomplextoitsmanager.Onemonthago,alltheshowerheadsinthefirstthreebuildingsoftheSunnysideTowerscomplexweremodifiedtorestrictmaximumwaterflowtoone-thirdofwhatitusedtobe.Althoughactualreadingsofwaterusagebeforeandaftertheadjustmentarenotyetavailable,thechangewillobviouslyresultinaconsiderablesavingsforSunnysideCorporation,sincethecorporationmustpayforwatereachmonth.Exceptforafewcomplaintsaboutlowwaterpressure,noproblemswithshowershavebeenreportedsincetheadjustment.IpredictthatmodifyingshowerheadstorestrictwaterflowthroughoutalltwelvebuildingsintheSunnysideTowerscomplexwillincreaseourprofitsevenmoredramatically.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhetherthepredictionandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetheprediction.黑皮书174页,问题1：最大出水量减少为三分之一是否真的能导致用水量减少（很有可能之前的用水量已经小于最大量的三分之一，所以就算调整了，对于用水量也没有影响）。即使超过三分之一，用水量减少是否真的可以减少，从而减低成本。问题2：抱怨少真的可以说明减少出水量是可行的吗？（懒得抱怨，不上报）问题3：即使前三栋建筑减少出水量是可行的，是否可以复制到全部12栋建筑？问题4：即使可以复制，限制喷头出水量是否一定能够增加利润？（可能改造费用反而更高）,Intheletter,theowneroftheSunnysideTowersapartmentcomplexpredictsadramaticprofitincreaseforSunnysideCorporation【结论】.His/herpredictionreliesheavilyontheseeminglypleasingresultsfromshowerheadmodificationsinthefirstthreebuildingsoftheSunnysideTowerscomplex.Inthosebuildings,themaximumwaterflowhasbeenrestrictedtoone-thirdofwhatitusedtobe【原因】.Whilereducingtheamountofshowerwatermightbedesirablebothenvironmentallyandfinancially,whethertheauthorspredictionisreasonablehingesontheanswerstothefollowingquestions.,Onemonthago,alltheshowerheadsinthefirstthreebuildingsoftheSunnysideTowerscomplexweremodifiedtorestrictmaximumwaterflowtoone-thirdofwhatitusedtobe.Althoughactualreadingsofwaterusagebeforeandaftertheadjustmentarenotyetavailable,thechangewillobviouslyresultinaconsiderablesavingsforSunnysideCorporation,sincethecorporationmustpayforwatereachmonth.Exceptforafewcomplaintsaboutlowwaterpressure,noproblemswithshowershavebeenreportedsincetheadjustment.IpredictthatmodifyingshowerheadstorestrictwaterflowthroughoutalltwelvebuildingsintheSunnysideTowerscomplexwillincreaseourprofitsevenmoredramatically.,主旨段：【问题】ThefirstseriesofquestionsIamgoingtoputforwardrevolvearoundtheactualconsequencesbroughtaboutbymodifyingthemaximumwaterflow.Morespecifically,Ineedtoaskwhattheexactwaterusagereadingsarebeforeandaftertheadjustment.Willpeopletakelongershowersnowthatthewaterflowisrestricted?【削弱】Iftheanswertothisquestionispositive,thenadecreaseinwaterusageisnotsafelyguaranteedandthereforethewritersfinalpredictionisopentodoubt.【加强】Onthecontrary,ifitturnsouttobetheotherwayaround,thenthepredictionisstrengthenedinstead.Inaddition,whilethearguerclaimsthatfewproblemswithshowershavebeenreportedsincetheadjustment【引述原文】,itisstillaquestionwhetherone-monthperiodoftimeistooshortforallproblemstohaveemerged;haveanyproblemsorcompaniesbeenconcealedorevensuppressed【问题】?Iftheanswertoeitherofthesetwoquestionsisyes,thentheargumentspredictionisundermined【削弱】;otherwiseitisshoredup【加强】.,Witnessingtheseeminglypositiveresultoftheshowerheadadaptation【让步】,theauthorfurtherrecommendsawiderapplicationoftheadaptationtoallthetwelvebuildingsintheSunnysideTowerscomplex【引述原文】.【问题】However,beforereachingthatconclusion,weneedtoknowwhethersuchageneralizationishasty.Thecurrentfewcomplaintsmightderivefromthepossibilitythatpeoplewhowerenotsatisfiedwiththeadaptationinthefirstthreebuildingswentelsewhereforshower.Therefore,weneedtoaskwhetheritispossiblethatonceweimplementtheauthorsproposalandmodifyalltheshowerheadsthroughoutalltwelvebuildingsintheSunnysideTowerscomplex,isthecorporationgoingtolosethecustomers?Ifitwillunfortunatelysufferfromagreatlossofcustomers,thenthepredictionintheargumentisunreasonable【削弱】;inothercircumstancesitisnot【加强】.,Evenifpeopleaccepttheshowerheadmodifications【让步】,whethersuchmodificationsurelyleadstoagrowthinprofitsremainsanunansweredquestion【问题】.Whileweareinformedthatthecorporationpaysforwatereachmonthandthereforethewaterfeemaydeclineduetotheshowerheadadjustments,wehavenoinformationconcerningthemodificationexpenses.Simplyspeaking,howdothesavingsresultingfromtheadjustmentscomparetotheexpenseofadjustingthem?Ifthesavingsareslight,thenwecannotexpectprofitstoriseandtheauthorsrecommendationshouldthereforeberejected【削弱】;butifthesavingsaresignificant,thentheproposalshouldbeencouraged【加强】.,WhileIsympathizewiththeauthorsintentiontoreducecosts,whetherweshouldresorttoshowerheadmodificationinallthebuildingsissubjecttomoreconsideration.Weespeciallyneedtoknowhowpeoplereacttothemodifications,theadjustmentexpenses,andthepotentialsavingsasaresultofthemodifications.,Explanation类DirectionWritearesponseinwhichyoudiscussoneormorealternativeexplanationsthatcouldrivaltheproposedexplanationandexplainhowyourexplanation(s)canplausiblyaccountforthefactspresentedintheargument.,Assumption类DirectionWritearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.,Evidence类DirectionWritearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.,Question类DirectionWritearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationislikelytohavethepredictedresult.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.,35.ThefollowingappearedinaletterfromtheowneroftheSunnysideTowersapartmentcomplextoitsmanager.Onemonthago,alltheshowerheadsinthefirstthreebuildingsoftheSunnysideTowerscomplexweremodifiedtorestrictmaximumwaterflowtoone-thirdofwhatitusedtobe.Althoughactualreadingsofwaterusagebeforeandaftertheadjustmentarenotyetavailable,thechangewillobviouslyresultinaconsiderablesavingsforSunnysideCorporation,sincethecorporationmustpayforwatereachmonth.Exceptforafewcomplaintsaboutlowwaterpressure,noproblemswithshowershavebeenreportedsincetheadjustment.IpredictthatmodifyingshowerheadstorestrictwaterflowthroughoutalltwelvebuildingsintheSunnysideTowerscomplexwillincreaseourprofitsevenmoredramatically.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhetherthepredictionandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetheprediction.黑皮书174页,问题1：最大出水量减少为三分之一是否真的能导致用水量减少（很有可能之前的用水量已经小于最大量的三分之一，所以就算调整了，对于用水量也没有影响）。即使超过三分之一，用水量减少是否真的可以减少，从而减低成本。问题2：抱怨少真的可以说明减少出水量是可行的吗？（懒得抱怨，不上报）问题3：即使前三栋建筑减少出水量是可行的，是否可以复制到全部12栋建筑？问题4：即使可以复制，限制喷头出水量是否一定能够增加利润？（可能改造费用反而更高）,Intheletter,theowneroftheSunnysideTowersapartmentcomplexpredictsadramaticprofitincreaseforSunnysideCorporation【结论】.His/herpredictionreliesheavilyontheseeminglypleasingresultsfromshowerheadmodificationsinthefirstthreebuildingsoftheSunnysideTowerscomplex.Inthosebuildings,themaximumwaterflowhasbeenrestrictedtoone-thirdofwhatitusedtobe【原因】.Whilereducingtheamountofshowerwatermightbedesirablebothenvironmentallyandfinancially,whethertheauthorspredictionisreasonablehingesontheanswerstothefollowingquestions.,Onemonthago,alltheshowerheadsinthefirstthreebuildingsoftheSunnysideTowerscomplexweremodifiedtorestrictmaximumwaterflowtoone-thirdofwhatitusedtobe.Althoughactualreadingsofwaterusagebeforeandaftertheadjustmentarenotyetavailable,thechangewillobviouslyresultinaconsiderablesavingsforSunnysideCorporation,sincethecorporationmustpayforwatereachmonth.Exceptforafewcomplaintsaboutlowwaterpressure,noproblemswithshowershavebeenreportedsincetheadjustment.IpredictthatmodifyingshowerheadstorestrictwaterflowthroughoutalltwelvebuildingsintheSunnysideTowerscomplexwillincreaseourprofitsevenmoredramatically.,主旨段：【问题】ThefirstseriesofquestionsIamgoingtoputforwardrevolvearoundtheactualconsequencesbroughtaboutbymodifyingthemaximumwaterflow.Morespecifically,Ineedtoaskwhattheexactwaterusagereadingsarebeforeandaftertheadjustment.Willpeopletakelongershowersnowthatthewaterflowisrestricted?【削弱】Iftheanswertothisquestionispositive,thenadecreaseinwaterusageisnotsafelyguaranteedandthereforethewritersfinalpredictionisopentodoubt.【加强】Onthecontrary,ifitturnsouttobetheotherwayaround,thenthepredictionisstrengthenedinstead.Inaddition,whilethearguerclaimsthatfewproblemswithshowershavebeenreportedsincetheadjustment【引述原文】,itisstillaquestionwhetherone-monthperiodoftimeistooshortforallproblemstohaveemerged;haveanyproblemsorcompaniesbeenconcealedorevensuppressed【问题】?Iftheanswertoeitherofthesetwoquestionsisyes,thentheargumentspredictionisundermined【削弱】;otherwiseitisshoredup【加强】.,Witnessingtheseeminglypositiveresultoftheshowerheadadaptation【让步】,theauthorfurtherrecommendsawiderapplicationoftheadaptationtoallthetwelvebuildingsintheSunnysideTowerscomplex【引述原文】.【问题】However,beforereachingthatconclusion,weneedtoknowwhethersuchageneralizationishasty.Thecurrentfewcomplaintsmightderivefromthepossibilitythatpeoplewhowerenotsatisfiedwiththeadaptationinthefirstthreebuildingswentelsewhereforshower.Therefore,weneedtoaskwhetheritispossiblethatonceweimplementtheauthorsproposalandmodifyalltheshowerheadsthroughoutalltwelvebuildingsintheSunnysideTowerscomplex,isthecorporationgoingtolosethecustomers?Ifitwillunfortunatelysufferfromagreatlossofcustomers,thenthepredictionintheargumentisunreasonable【削弱】;inothercircumstancesitisnot【加强】.,Evenifpeopleaccepttheshowerheadmodifications【让步】,whethersuchmodificationsurelyleadstoagrowthinprofitsremainsanunansweredquestion【问题】.Whileweareinformedthatthecorporationpaysforwatereachmonthandthereforethewaterfeemaydeclineduetotheshowerheadadjustments,wehavenoinformationconcerningthemodificationexpenses.Simplyspeaking,howdothesavingsresultingfromtheadjustmentscomparetotheexpenseofadjustingthem?Ifthesavingsareslight,thenwecannotexpectprofitstoriseandtheauthorsrecommendationshouldthereforeberejected【削弱】;butifthesavingsaresignificant,thentheproposalshouldbeencouraged【加强】.,WhileIsympathizewiththeauthorsintentiontoreducecosts,whetherweshouldresorttoshowerheadmodificationinallthebuildingsissubjecttomoreconsideration.Weespeciallyneedtoknowhowpeoplereacttothemodifications,theadjustmentexpenses,andthepotentialsavingsasaresultofthemodifications.,160.ThefollowingappearedinarecommendationfromthePresidentoftheAmburgChamberofCommerce.LastOctober,thecityofBellevilleinstalledhigh-intensitylightinginitscentralbusinessdistrict,andvandalismtheredeclinedalmostimmediately.ThecityofAmburg,ontheotherhand,recentlyinstitutedpolicepatrolsonbicyclesinitsbusinessdistrict.However,therateofvandalismhereremainsconstant.Sincehigh-intensitylightingisclearlythemosteffectivewaytocombatcrime,werecommendusingthemoneythatiscurrentlybeingspentonbicyclepatrolstoinstallsuchlightingthroughoutAmburg.Ifweinstallthishigh-intensitylighting,wewillsignificantlyreducecrimeratesinAmburg.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationislikelytohavethepredictedresult.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.,43.ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumwrittenbythechairpersonoftheWestEggTownCouncil.Twoyearsago,consultantspredictedthatWestEggslandfill,whichisusedforgarbagedisposal,wouldbecompletelyfilledwithinfiveyears.Duringthepasttwoyears,however,thetownsresidentshavebeenrecyclingtwiceasmuchmaterialastheydidinpreviousyears.Nextmonththeamountofrecycledmaterialwhichincludespaper,plastic,andmetalshouldfurtherincrease,sincechargesforpickupofotherhouseholdgarbagewilldouble.Furthermore,over90percentoftherespondentstoarecentsurveysaidthattheywoulddomorerecyclinginthefuture.Becauseofourtownsstrongcommitmenttorecycling,theavailablespaceinourlandfillshouldlastforconsiderablylongerthanpredicted.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.,63.ThefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditoroftheParkvilleDailynewspaper.“Throughoutthecountrylastyear,asmoreandmorechildrenbelowtheageofnineparticipatedinyouth-leaguesports,over40,000oftheseyoungplayerssufferedinjuries.Wheninterviewedforarecentstudy,youth-leaguesoccerplayersinseveralmajorcitiesalsoreportedpsychologicalpressureexertedbycoachesandparentstowingames.Furthermore,educationexpertssaythatlongpracticesessionsforthesesportstakeawaytimethatcouldbeusedforacademicactivities.Sincethedisadvantagesoutweighanyadvantages,weinParkvilleshoulddiscontinueorganizedathleticcompetitionforchildrenundernine.”Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.,64.Collectorsprizetheancientlife-sizeclaystatuesofhumanfiguresmadeonKaliIslandbuthavelongwonderedhowKalineseartistswereabletodepictbodieswithsuchrealisticprecision.SincearchaeologistshaverecentlydiscoveredmoldsofhumanheadsandhandsonKali,wecannowconcludethattheancientKalineseartistsusedmoldsofactualbodies,notsculptingtoolsandtechniques,tocreatethesestatues.ThisdiscoveryexplainswhyKalineseminiaturestatueswereabstractandentirelydifferentinstyle:moldscouldbeusedonlyforlife-sizesculptures.ItalsoexplainswhyfewancientKalinesesculptingtoolshavebeenfound.Inlightofthisdiscovery,collectorspredictthatthelife-sizesculptureswilldecreaseinvaluewhiletheminiaturesincreaseinvalue.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhetherthepredictionandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldh