全新版综合4 unit 1 b

Unit1:TextB,TheNormandyLandings,SR_main,CultureNotes,Reading,ComprehensionTask,DwightDavidEisenhower,D-Day,CultureNotes,SR_CN_main,SR_CultureNotes1.1,DwightDavidEisenhower,DwightDavidEisenhower(18901969)thepopularWorldWarIIgeneralandthe34thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,SR_CultureNotes1.2,1.Abriefintroduction,BorninTexasandraisedinKansas,Eisenhowerwasageneralandpoliticalleaderofthetwentiethcentury.AssupremecommanderinEuropeoftheforcesoftheAlliesduringWorldWarII,hedirectedtheinvasionofNormandyonD-DayandledintheoverthrowoftheNazigovernmentofGermany.HelaterorganizedthemilitaryforcesoftheNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization.In1952,hispopularitywassohighthatboththeDemocratsandtheRepublicanswantedhimforapresidentialcandidate;hechosetheRepublicans.“ILikeIke”wasapopularsloganofhiscampaigns.HedefeatedtheDemocraticcandidate,AdlaiStevenson,inboth1952and1956.In,SR_CultureNotes1.2,office,henegotiatedtheendoftheKoreanWarandgenerallypursuedmoderatepolicies.HisyearsasPresidentweremarkedbyincreasingprosperityathome,althoughthecoldwarwiththeSovietUnioncontinuedabroad.RichardNixonwasEisenhowersvicepresident.,SR_CultureNotes1.2,2.Hischronology,OCTOBER14,1890,SR_CultureNotes1.2,JUNE7,1948,DECEMBER19,1950,MARCH28,1969,SR_CultureNotes1.1,3.Avideoclipabouthim,Directions:HereisavideoclipaboutDwightD.Eisenhower.Afteryouwatchit,youarerequiredtosaysomethingabouthimwithyourpartnerorinyourgroup.Youcanadoptdifferentwaystodothatsuchasretelling,dialog,interviewandsoon.,SR_CultureNotes1.1_pop,SR_CultureNotes1.2_pop1,SR_CultureNotes1.2_pop2,SR_CultureNotes1.2_pop2,SR_CultureNotes2.2,D-Day,Directions:ThistextdescribestheNormandyLandingsindetailandD-Dayisitscodename.Nowhereisavideoclipaboutitandyoucanhaveavisual-auralexperienceofit.Youcanseethetranscriptofitifnecessary.,SR_CultureNotes2.1,Now,onJune6,1944Eisenhowerwasreadyandthefirstwavesofnearly2millionalivetroopsailedforNormandy.AgiantArmandaof4,000ships.Theskieswerealivewithalightplanespoundingroadandrealnetworks.GermanreinforcementforNormandywillbeslowinarrivingandtiredanddisorganizedaftertheircontinualhammeringfromtheair.Germandefensesonthebeachesweresoftenupbymassivebombardment.TheyexpectedanattackacrosstheStraitsofDoverandthelandingatNormandycameasacompletetacticalsurprise.ThiswasacrucialattackatthepowerofNaziGermany.ThiswastheD-Day.ItwasthegreatestamphibiousinvasionofalltimeandevenStalinwasforcetoadmitthathistoryofwarfareknowsnootherlikeundertakingfromthepointofviewofitsscale,itsvastconceptionanditsmasterlyexecution.BytheendofD-Day,morethanaquarterofamillionofalivetroopswerefirmlyestablishedinFrenchsoil.,SR_Reading_text1,WouldnaturebeonthesideoftheAlliedforcesastheypreparedtoinvademainlandEuropeorwoulditfavourtheGermans?Noonewascertain.,TheNormandyLandings,AnthonyWard,ThelargestandmostambitiousmilitaryexpeditioninhistorywastheinvasionofNormandyinnorthernFrancebyBritish,AmericanandCanadianforcesthattookplaceinthesummerof1944.Evennatureplayedarole.,SR_Reading_text2,Ittookmorethanayearformilitaryplannerstoorchestrateeverymovementoftroops,artillery,shipsandaircraftandtoseteverythinginplaceforthemovethatwastoopenupasecondfrontinEurope.ThiswouldliberateFranceandopenthewayforthefinalassaultonGermanyitself.Everythingwascontrolled;rightdowntotheplacementofmilitarydecoysacrosstheEnglishChanneltofooltheGermansintothinkingtheattackwouldcomefromBritainsclosestpointtoFranceatPasdeCalaisPasdeCalais:thepartofFranceclosesttotheBritishIslesratherthaninNormandyasplanned.Everythingwascontrolled,thatis,excepttheweather.,SR_Reading_text3,D-Day,thecodenamegiventothedayofinvasion,wasoriginallyscheduledfor5June1944.Thisdatehadbeenarrivedatbyconsideringtwofactorsmoonlightandtide.Thehouroftheinvasionwouldneedtobenearsunrise,whentheseabornetroopswouldhavearisingtide.Thiswouldenablethemtolandclosetotheobstaclesthathadbeenplacedtohindertheirlandingwithoutcomingashoreontopofthem.Theparatroopersneededafullmoonforvisibility.Thedayswiththepropertide-moonlightformulaclosesttothetargetdatewere5,6and7June.ThefifthwaschosenforD-Daytoallowasafetymarginincasetheattackneededtobepostponed.,SR_Reading_text4,Inadditiontomoonlightandfavourabletides,calmseaswereneededforthecrossing.Butanunusuallystormytransitionfromspringtowardsummerthatyearheldoutlittlehopethattherewouldbeasuitablebreakintheweather.ItalsomeantthepossibilitythatOperationOverlord,astheinvasionwascalled,mighthavetobepostponeduntillaterintheyearoreventhefollowingyear.,Withthearrivalof5June,theweatherwassobadthatGeneralEisenhowerDwightDavidEisenhower(1890-1972):nicknamedIke.USgeneral,CommanderoftheAlliedExpeditionaryForce(1943-1945)and34thPresidentoftheUS(1953-1961),supremecommanderoftheinvasionforces,wasforcedtopostponetheinvasionbyoneday.,SR_Reading_text5,Whenhemetwithhisstafftoreviewtheiroptions,theywerefacedwiththegrimrealitythat6JunedidnotlookmuchbetterthantheoriginalD-Day.Themeteorologicalreportgaveathinrayofhopethatalullinthestormwouldallowenoughtimetolaunchtheinvasion.Consultationswentonlateintothenightonwhethertopressahead.Opinionsweredivided.Finally,Eisenhowermadehisdecision.“Iamquitepositivewemustgivetheorder,”hesaid.“Idontlikeit,butthereitis.Idontseehowwecandoanythingelse.”Withinhours,anarmadaof3,000landingcraft,2,500otherships,and500navalvesselsbegantoleaveEnglishports.,SR_Reading_text6,Meanwhile,criticalerrorsbytheGermansideallowedthemtobetakencompletelybysurprise.Duetothebadweather,theGermannavycancelleditsusualpatroloftheEnglishChannel.Also,apracticedrillscheduledforJune6wascalledoff.TheGermanmeteorologicalserviceswereunawareofthebreakintheweather.Ontheeveoftheattack,manyofthetopGermanleaderswereabsentfromtheircommands.RommelErwinRommel(1891-1944)nicknamedtheDesertFox.Germanfieldmarshal,notedforhisbrilliantgeneralshipinnorthAfricainWorldWarII.LateracommanderinFrance.HecommittedsuicideaftertheofficersplotagainstHitler.,thegeneralinchargeofthecoastaldefences,wasinGermanyvisitinghiswifeonherbirthday,andseveralofficersweresomedistanceawayinRennesRennes:cityinnorthwestFranceorontheirwaythereforawar-gameexercise.,SR_Reading_text7,TheassaultonNormandybeganat12:15a.m.,whenthepathfindersfortheAmericanairborneunitslefttheirplanesandparachutedtoearth.Fiveminuteslater,ontheothersideoftheinvasionarea,theBritishpathfindersmadetheirjump.Thepathfinderswerespeciallytrainedtofindandmarkthedropzones.Themainairborneassaultwastocommencewithinthehour.Theairborneattackbecameconfusedbecauseofstiffwindsandtheevasiveflyingofthetransportplaneswhentheyencounteredanti-aircraftfire.Asaresult,theparatrooperswerescatteredoverawideareaandmostmissedtheirdropzones,somebyasmuchas20miles.Othercomplicationswerecausedbytheterrain,andtheworstterrainwasontheCotentinPeninsula.,SR_Reading_text8,TheGermanshadlacedtheopenfieldswithanti-personnelandgliderstakesandfloodedthelowareas.ThefloodingcausedthemosttroublefortheAmericansofthe101stand82ndAirbornedivisions,withmanyofthetroopsdrowned,ladendownbytheirheavyequipment.Theairborneunitsweretosecuretheflanksoftheamphibiousassault.Thatmeantcapturingbridges,crossroadsandcoastalbatteries.Afteraccomplishingthosetasks,theparatroopershadtowithstandanyGermancounterattacks.,Astheairborneunitsstruggledtoachievetheirgoals,thegreatfleetmadeitswayacrossthechanneltoitsappointmentwithdestiny.Leadingthatgrandarmadaweretheminesweepers.Behindthemfollowedavastarrayofnavalvesselsofeveryconceivabletype.Neverbeforehadsuchafleetbeenassembled.Includingthelandingcraftcarriedonboard,thecombinedAlliedinvasionarmadanumberedupto6,000ships.Approximately150,000menweretocrosstheEnglishChannelandlandatassaultbeachescode-named“Utah,”“Omaha,”“Gold,”“Juno”and“Sword.”,SR_Reading_text9,SR_Reading_text10,ThefirstareasofFrenchsoilwrestedfromGermancontrolwereagroupofsmallislandslocatedthreemilesoffUtahBeach.Alliedcommanderswereconcernedthattheseislandscouldbeusedassitesforheavyguns.ThemenoftheU.S.4thand24thCavalrysquadronsweredesignatedtotaketheislandspriortothemaininvasion.Theassaultteamsfoundonlylandmines.TheGermanshadlefttheislandsunoccupied.Forthemajorityoftheassaulttroops,however,thewarhadnotbegunyet.Afterspendingaslongas48hoursaboardthevarioustransportshipsasaresultofthedelay,manyofthemenweremiserablyseasickandinpoorshapeforthechallengeahead.,SR_Reading_text11,Thenavalbombardmentbeganaround5:45a.m.Theairattackfollowed.Thenavalandairbombardmentsweredesignedtodestroythebeachgunsandobstacles,pindowntheenemyandprovideshelterforthegroundtroopsontheopenbeachesbymakingcraters.Both,however,largelyfailedintheirobjectives.Weatherconditionshadimproved,buttheywerenotperfect.Becauseofpoorvisibilitycausedbylowcloudcover,itwasdecidedthatthebomberswoulddelaythereleaseofbombs30secondstoavoidhittingtheassaultingtroops.Asaresult,thebombsfellinlandandmissedtheirtargets.Althoughthenavalbombardmentwasmoreaccurate,itwasnotmuchmoreeffectiveagainstthehardenedGermangunemplacements.,SR_Reading_text12,Theweatheralsowaspartiallyresponsibleforcausingsomeoftheassaultcrafttomisstheirassignedlandingareas.Additionally,manyofthelandingcraftandamphibioustanksfounderedintheroughsea.IntheOmahaarea,mostofthecraftcarryingartilleryandtanksintendedtosupporttheincomingtroopssankinthehighwaves.AtUtahBeach,however,astrangestrokeofgoodfortuneoccurredwhentheassaultcraftencounteredasoutherlycurrentthatcausedthemtolandinthewrongsector.TheGermanshorebatteriesthatwouldhavecontestedalandingintheoriginalareawouldundoubtedlyhavetakenaheavytoll.Thelandingatthenewsectorwasvirtuallyunopposed.,SR_Reading_text13,Despitedifficulties,Eisenhowersgamblewiththeelementswastopayoff.TheinvasionforcessucceededinestablishingatoeholdonFrenchsoil.Reinforcementsbegantopourin,thrustingondeepintoFrance.WithinayearHitlersempire,whichhehadboastedwouldlastathousandyears,layinruins.,SR_Reading_word_ambitious,ambitious:adj.fullofambition,Aslavehasbutonemaster;anambitiousmanhasasmanymastersastherearepeoplewhomaybeusefulinbetteringhisposition.,这看起来像一个非常雄心勃勃的计划！我祝你们两个好运！,Thatlookslikeaveryambitiousplan!Iwishbothofyougoodluck!,SR_Reading_word_obstacle,obstacle:n.athingthatblocksonesway,这一决定排除了人质获释的最后障碍。,Thebiggestobstacleinourwaywasatreetrunkintheroad.,Thisdecisionhasremovedthelastobstacletothehostagesrelease.,SR_Reading_word_incase,incase:soastobesafeif(sth.)happens,我带了一些三明治以防我们饿了。,Ivebroughtsomesandwichesincasewegethungry.,Ibroughtmykeyjustincaseyouforgotyours.,SR_Reading_S_Thefifthwas,ThefifthwaschosenforD-Daytoallowasafetymarginincasetheattackneededtobepostponed.,TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,6月5日被选定为进攻开始日，其用意是留下一个安全系数，以防万一进攻需要推迟。,SR_Reading_word_holdout,holdout:offer,我们的食品供应将只能再撑两个星期。,Fewpeopleheldoutanyhopeoffindingthelostjewelry.,Ourfoodsupplieswillonlyholdoutforanothertwoweeks.,SR_Reading_S_Butanunusually,Butanunusuallystormytransitionfromspringtowardsummerthatyearheldoutlittlehopethattherewouldbeasuitablebreakintheweather.,然而，当年春夏之交大风暴异乎寻常地多，希望在这个时候天气会出现一个适合进攻的风平浪静的间隙，可能性微乎其微。,TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.,Alotofherunhappinessisduetoboredom.,SR_Reading_word_dueto,dueto:becauseof,Duetowetleavesontheline,thistrainwillarriveanhourlate.,她的众多不幸是由无聊造成的。,SR_Reading_word_cancel,cancel:vt.decidenottogoaheadwith(sth.previouslyarranged),去伦敦的火车已被取消。,Janethadtocanceltomorrowstripbecauseofherbadcold.,ThetraintoLondonhasbeencancelled.,SR_Reading_word_calloff,calloff:decidethataplannedeventwillnottakeplace;cancel,由于寒冷的天气，明天的比赛已被取消。,Tomorrowsmatchhasbeencalledoffbecauseoftheicyweather.,Thepolicehavecalledoffthesearchforthemissingchilduntildawntomorrow.,SR_Reading_word_ontheeveof,ontheeveof:immediatelybefore,在中国新年前夕，美国总统向华人社区发去贺信。,TheUSPresidentissuedaletterofcongratulationstotheChinesecommunityontheeveoftheChineseNewYear.,Ontheeveofthenationalentranceexaminations,hewassostressedthathecouldntconcentrateonhisreading.,SR_Reading_word_stiff,stiff:adj.(ofawind,etc.)blowingstrongly;noteasilybent,当该名男子在雪地里被发现时，他的尸体已经僵硬得像块木板。,Themansbodywasasstiffasaboardwhenitwasfoundinthesnow.,Thehandleonthisdoorisratherstiff.,SR_Reading_word_secure,secure:,他们尽力保卫大桥，使之免遭再次袭击。,Theytriedtosecurethebridgefromthethreatoffurtherattack.,Ourmissilesandbomberssecureusfromattack.,1.vt.make(sth.)safefrombeingattacked,harmed,orlost,2.adj.,Isyouronlinebankinginformationsecurefromhackers?,尽管失业率上升，79的美国人觉得他们的工作是安全的。,79%ofAmericansfeelsecureintheirjobsdespiterisesinjoblessness.,SR_Reading_word_withstand,withstand:vt.endurewithoutgivingin;resist,这座桥被设计成能抵御地震。,Thebridgewasdesignedtowithstandearthquakes.,Thespeciallydesignedsheltersarebuilttowithstandgroundandairattacks.,SR_Reading_word_concern,concern:vt.worry,我父亲的健康问题使我们非常担心。,Thestateofmyfathershealthconcernsusgreatly.,Itconcernsmethathehasntbeenincontactwiththecompanyyet.,SR_Reading_word_priorto,priorto:before,在面试前，他做了大量的准备工作。,Hehadmadealotofpreparationpriortotheinterview.,Thereisonlyoneweekpriortohergoingabroad.,SR_Reading_word_aboard,aboard:prep.onboardof;on;in.,在船碰撞中，船上所有的乘客都落入河中。,Duringthecollisionallpassengersaboardtheshipfellintotheriver.,Howmanypeoplewereaboardthehijackedplane?,SR_Reading_word_pindown,pindown:preventfrommoving,Thetroopswerepinneddownbyresistanceforces30milesnorthofthecapital.,Ittookfournursestopindownthelittleboyforaninjection.,该部队在首都以北30英里处被抵抗力量牵制住了。,SR_Reading_word_objective,objective:n.athingaimedatorwishedfor,销售人员可以实现财务目标吗？,Canthesalesforceachieveitsfinancialobjectives?,Hermainobjectivenowissimplytostayinpower.,SR_Reading_word_responsible,responsible:adj.beingthecauseof;legallyormorallyobliged,她的部门负责监督理事会。,Herdepartmentisresponsibleforoverseeingthecouncils.,Paulisdirectlyresponsiblefortheefficientrunningoftheoffice.,SR_Reading_word_construct,contest:vt.fightfor;struggletowinorkeep,她很可能会赢得，因为只有两个人角逐席位。,Sheislikelytowinsinceonlytwopeoplearecontestingthe