浙江大学2012植物学甲课件-第05次课2008ppt第35到70页

1,Structureofthethirdlateralvein三级侧脉的结构,各部分相应减少，但有维管束鞘的结构。,石细胞,Waterlily,(Nymphaeaordorata)睡莲,2,Structureofminorvein细脉的结构,往往只有1-2个导管和1-2个筛管,3,3.StructureofleafbladeinMonocots单子叶植物叶片结构,Bladestructureisalsocomposedofupperandlowerepidermis,mesophyllandvein.,Homogenousmesophyll,largeintercellularspaces,moderatesclerenchyma.相同的叶肉细胞，较大的细胞间隙，适度的厚壁细胞,4,(1)Upperandlowerepidermis上下表皮,1.栓细胞;2.硅细胞;3.刺毛;,与双子叶植物不同，有长短细胞之分，并有特殊的泡状细胞（bulliformcell);短细胞又分硅细胞和栓细胞。气孔器保卫细胞呈哑铃型，两面均有分布。,4.长细胞5.气孔器,4.泡状细胞;,水稻，Oryzasativa,5,水稻气孔器的结构A.表面观;B.气孔中央横切;C.气孔顶端横切1.保卫细胞;2.副卫细胞;3.气孔,Stomatalapparatus气孔器,6,中脉,气孔,泡状细胞,叶肉细胞,机械组织,Poaannua早熟禾C3Plant,(2)Mesophylla叶肉,属于等面叶，叶肉细胞在有些种较特殊,峰、谷、腰、环结构,7,水稻，Oryzasativa,8,(3)VeinandC3smallbundlesheathcellswithafewchloroplasts.典型C3植物，无栅栏组织，维管束鞘细胞小，含叶绿体少,3=bundlesheath,7=minorvein,10=non-glandularhairs,11=stoma,Brome-Grass，雀麦草的中脉,9,LateralveinofTriticum(C3Plant)小麦（C3植物）叶的侧脉,WithtwolayersofBundleSheath.有2层维管束鞘，叶绿体少而小。,10,Sectionthroughmidribofaleafofbluegrass(Poapratensis),aC3plant.C3植物，一种早熟禾叶通过中脉的横切面Bulliformcellscollapseinnerisamestomesheath,2层维管束鞘，外层薄壁的，内层厚壁鞘状的。,Grama-grass(Boutelouabreviseta)垂穗草（莎草科）,14,Sugarcane，C4plant-Singlebundlesheath甘蔗,C4植物-单层维管束鞘Sugarcane(Saccharumofficinarum),aC4plant.Thebundlesheathcells(wreath)aresmallerandmorenumerous.Bundlesheathsconsistofonelayerofparenchymacells.C4植物，具一层花环型维管束鞘细胞,15,(4)-1Unifacialleafofanon-grassymonocot:Iris非禾草单子叶植物的等面叶结构：鸢尾属Hassimilartissueorganizationatbothsurfaceswitharowofvascularbundlesundereachepidermis.叶两面组织相同，有一排维管束在表皮下，很特殊。,1=anepidermalpapilla,表皮乳突2=sclerenchyma,厚壁3=phloem,4=xylem,5=lysigenousslimecavity,熔生的粘液腔6=homogeneousmesophyll同形的叶肉,16,(4)-2leafofanon-grassymonocot:Palm非禾草单子叶植物叶的结构：棕榈属Cross-sectionofapetioleofthepalmstainedtoshowitsnumerousvascularbundles.Thisleafisverylargeandmusthaveamassiveconductionsystem.,17,(4)-3leafofanon-grassymonocot:Yucca非禾草单子叶植物叶的结构：丝兰属,18,(4)-4leafofanon-grassymonocot:Dracaena非禾草单子叶植物叶的结构：龙血树属,19,Ecologicaltypeofleaves（四）叶的生态类型,20,1.Sun&ShadeLeaves阳生叶与阴生叶Shadeleavesarethinnerthansunleaves.Havepoorlydevelopedpalisademesophyll.Lightintensityisanimportantecologicalfactoraffectingleafanatomy.,OneistakenfromashadeleafwhichisthinandhasamanyspongymesophyllTheanotherleafundersunshowsamuchmoredevelopedpalisademesophyll,阴生的,阳生的,21,2.XeromorphicAngiospermLeaves旱生植物叶Typicalxeromorphicleafofagrassformsthetoughleaveswithahighproportionofsclerenchyma.,beachgrass(Ammophilaarenaria).喜沙草属,下陷的穴,22,Xeromorphicleavesofanon-grassymonocot非禾本科植物旱生叶Withmassivecolumnsoffibers,LysigenouscentralaircavitiesinNewZealandhemp(Phormiumtenax)leaf.在新西兰麻叶中，可见大量柱状的纤维，和融生的气室。,verythickcutin厚的角质层,23,DiagramofleafwithKranzanatomyWreathofenlargedbundlesheathcellsMesophyllcellsradiallyarrangedWater-storagetissueinthisxerophytesaltbush(Atriplexsp.)leaf,axerophyticplant.旱生植物滨藜,24,XeromorphicGymnospermLeaves裸子植物旱生叶Compacthomogeneousmesophyll.Twovascularbundlesenclosedintransfusiontissue(输导组织）.Resinducts(树脂道）emergedinmesophyll,verythickcutin厚的角质层,(Pinussylvestris)松树,25,3.HydromorphicLeaves&WaterStorage水生植物的叶以及通气结构Aleaffromthesubmergedhydrophyte（沉水植物）,watermilfoil(Myriophyllumsp.).Theplanthasfinelypinnatelydividedleaves（羽状分裂）whichlackcuticle,stomata,sclerenchymainthemesophyll.,缺外被层，气孔，厚壁细胞,atermilfoil(Myriophyllumsp.).一种蓍草,26,BifacialfloatingleafinPotamogeton眼子菜属的两面浮水叶Stomataareonuppersurface.Airspacesinspongymesophyllprovidebuoyancy.,气孔在上表面,气室提供浮力,27,UnifacialsubmergedleafinPotamogeton眼子菜属的单面沉水叶NostomatapresentMesophyllone-layered,28,cross-sectionedleafoftapegrass(Vallisneriasp.),asubmergedmonocot.沉水的带草,29,Modifiedcellsforwater-storage变态的细胞，用于储藏水分。,荫生的begonia(Begoniasp.)秋海棠,旱生的羊栖菜属植物（藜科）saltwort.,30,Modifiedleaves-adaptiontoenvironment,31,Modifiedleaves-adaptiontoenvironment,Seneciorotundifolia