定语从句课件（高一必看）.ppt

,AttributiveClause,Theclauseusedastheattributeinasentenceiscalled,structure:,antecedent+(先行词),relativepron.(assub.orobj.),relativeadv.(asadverbial),(that/which/who(m)/whose),(when/where/why),Languagestudy,Relativepronouns,Talkingaboutpeople,Doyouknowthemanwho/thatcametoseeXiaoYangthismorning.,Talkingaboutthings,Icouldntfindthebookwhich/thatIboughtyesterday.,whose,Doyouknowtheboywhoseparentsareonholiday?,Heisamanwho/whom/thatweshouldalllearnfrom.,Thetablewhich/thatyoujustsawismadeofplastics.,Iveneverbeentotheroomwhosewindowsarebroken.,Languagestudy,who/whom/that,这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。E.g.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）,whose,用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhichthe互换）Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhichthe）coverisgreen.,关系代词that的用法,a）引导非限定性定语从句时e.g.Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.（wrong）b）介词后不能用e.g.Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.,1）关系代词不用that的情况,先行词为all,anything,nothing,something,little,few,much等不定代词时我能用的（东西）极其少ThereislittlethatIcanuse.先行词被all,each,few,much,every,no,some,any等不定代词修饰时你需要的书都在这儿Allthebooksthatyouneedarehere.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时这是他用英语写的第一篇作文ThisisthefirstcompositionthathehaswritteninEnglish.,2）.关系代词只能用that的情况,先行词既有人又有物时。他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.主句是以who或which开头的疑问句在那里说话的人是谁?Whoisthemanthatisspeakingoverthere?先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时这正是我在找的枪。ThisistheverygunthatIamlookingfor.,先行词在从句中做表语时他已经不是三十年前的那个年轻人了。Heisnottheyoungmanthathewasthirtyyearsago.在therebe句型中，如先行词指物，用that,而不用which.Therearemanybooksthatwerewrittenbyhiminmyhome.Thereisahousethathasbeautifulwindows.,关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。e.g.JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.(时间状语)Shesgoinghomewhereshecanrest.（地点状语）DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?(原因状语),判断关系代词与关系副词,把先行词放回从句，看它在从句中所作的成分。1.如果不需要添词句子仍然完整，那先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语（表所属关系），选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose)。2.如果需要添介词才能使从句完整，那么先行词在从句中作状语，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。,判断改错：,ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.Illneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。,判断关系代词与关系副词,方法：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、宾、定、状），就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,判断关系代词与关系副词,例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis_youvisitedafewdaysago.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。,1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.ThegirlwhomImetisLucy.3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.4.Ilikethebookwhichyouboughtyesterday.5.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.7.Weshallneverforgetthedaysthatwespenttogether.8.Weshallneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.,确定关系词在从句中的成分,介词+关系词引导的定语从句,1）某些在从句中充当时间，地点等状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如：Thisisthehouse_Ilivedtwoyearsago.Doyouremembertheday_youjoinedourclub?2）介词后面的关系词不能省略。3）先行词是物，关系词用which,先行词是人,则关系词用whom4)表所属关系时用ofwhich/whomTheboywhose/ofwhomtheparentsarebothdoctorswonthefirstplaceintheexam.5)表原因，用forwhichIsthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?,介词关系词结构中介词的确定,来源于构成完整时间、地点状语所需补出的介词Thisisthemountainvillage_Istayedlastyear.Illneverforgetthedays_Iworkedtogetherwithyou.来源于动词短语Heisreallytheperson_whomwehavealottolearn.Thegirl_whomyouaretalkingisworkingforaninternationalorganization.,限制性和非限制性定语从句,定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。e.g.Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）,as&which引导的非限制性定语从句,由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which指代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。as一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。Thesunheatstheearth,and_isveryimportanttous.,典型例题,1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。,2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,(and)_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使用逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。,典型例题,3）Itrainedhardyesterday,_preventedmefromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it答案B.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：（1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。（2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。,典型例题,关系代词as的用法,1)thesameas；suchas中的as是一种固定结构,和一样。例如：Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).2)as可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如。例如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.as是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。,what/whatever,1）what=thethingwhich；whatever=anything。e.g.Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.你要的动词都送来了。Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。,who/whoever,who=thepersonthatwhoever=anyonewhoe.g.（WRONG）Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished.（WRONG）Whoeverrobbedthebankisnotclear.（RIGHT）Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。（RIGHT）Whorobbedthebankisnotclear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。,先行词和关系词二合一,1）Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.（Whoever可以用anyonewho代替）2）Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.（what可以用allthat代替）,1.CitypeopleinBritainandtheUSstandcloserthanthose_liveinothercountries.2.Theoldladyusedtostandinfrontofthewindow,though_shecouldseewhatwashappening.3.Theinternationalresearchgroupwasmadeupof20scientists,threeof_areexpertsonDNA.4.Lostinthethickforest,theoldmanhadgotnoperson_hecouldturnforhelp.,用关系词填空,5.Jackie,_lifehadoncebeenveryhard,becomeawell-knownactor.6.Doyoustillrememberthedays_wespenthappilytogetherlastyear.7.Thetree,_leaveshaveturnedred,wasplantedbymyuncle.8.Theboy,oneof_ismybrother,aremakingaplanfortheweekend.,用关系词填空,Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Isthatthenewspaper_whichyouoftenwritearticles?5.1949wastheyear_whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,without,about/to,on,for,in,1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverfor