四级训练–翻译.ppt

四级训练翻译,一考试形式二考核重点三:答题步骤,一考试形式,1.考试时间：5分钟2.分值：5分3.由原来英译汉变为汉译英：06年6月4.名为翻译，实为补全句子,二.考点分析,1.核心语法（虚拟语气、定语从句，状语从句（最常考)2.重点单词3.固定搭配,一语法结构（grammar）,1动名词（gerund）：2道87.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路)(2006.6)findingthewaytothehistorymuseum87.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad_(很难跟上班里的同学)(2009.6)difficulty(in)keepingupwithhisclassmates/(in)catchingupwithhisclassmates,1、有些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配，需特别记忆。常见的这类动词有：admit（承认）advise（建议）allow（允许）appreciate（感激）avoid（避免）canthelp（禁不住）consider（考虑）deny（否认）,dislike（不喜欢）enjoy（喜欢）escape（逃脱）excuse（原谅）feellike（想要），finish（结束），giveup（放弃），imagine（想象），involve（包含），keep（保持），mind（介意），,miss（错过）permit（允许）recollect（记得）recommend（推荐）suggest（建议）stop（停止）resent（对感到愤恨、怨恨）risk（冒危险）cannotstand（受不了）等。例如：。,exercise,强化例句：Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag.Itsdriverhadalotoftrouble_(试图停车)tryingtostopit预测：很可能会考不定式（infinitive）。也该考人家不定式了,2虚拟语气（subjunctivemood）：2道89.Thevictim_（本来会有机会活下来）ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.（2006.12）mighthavesurvived,88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary_(就不会被大雨淋了)（2009.6）答案：wouldnthavebeencaughtbytheheavyrain点评：本题的考点仍然为两个：第一个是考查对虚拟语气的掌握,情态动词+完成时的结构。第二是考查对短语becaughtby的掌握，意思为“被所困”，另外注意对雨这个概念的修饰，一定要用heavyrain而不是bigrain。,虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测、或建议。而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示,（一）虚拟语气用于条件状语从句,exercise,强化例句：If,atthetime,theBritish,itwouldhavebeencompleted.（不害怕侵略）hadnotfearedinvasion预测：很可能会考一道虚拟现在的句子，如：Ifdadwerealive,hewouldbehorrified.或者对将来的虚拟Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.,3倒装（inversion）：样题1道尽管),常用引导词：though,although,evenif,eventhough,特殊引导词：as，while(一般用在句首),inspiteofthefactthat,;nomatter，whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever,Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheitisice-coldoutside.,不管你有多忙,healwaysinsistsoncomingwithyou.,Nomatterhowbusyyouare,2）时间状语（adverbialclausesoftime）：1道,90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）（2006.12）mayfeellonelywhentheyreawayfromhome.91.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknown(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)(2008.12)untiladoctordiscovereditaccidentally/bychance.,时间状语从句常用引导词：when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas特殊引导词：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,directly,immediately;(一就)nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,exercise,他直到妈妈进来才起床,他一直工作到天黑,Hedidnotgetuptillhismothercamein。Heworkeduntilitwasdark,3)条件状语（adverbialclausesofcondition）：1道,91.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning如果你方便的话.(2007.6)ifitsconvenientforyou.exercise：如果你得到这样的一个机会，千万不能错过它Ifyoureceiveaopportunitylikethis,youcannotfailtoseizeit!,条件状语从句,常用引导词：if,unless,特殊引导词：incase（万一);as/solongas,onconditionthat,onlyif;providing/providedthat,suppose/supposingthat(倘若假使),Wellstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.,Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.,只要坚持努力，你一定会成功的,如果总统同意的话，我们将开始我们的项目,4）比较状语3道than(不同程度的比较),特殊引导词：themorethemore,AistoBwhat/asXistoY;nomorethan,Sheisasbad-temperedasherfather(is).,Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.,她跟她的父亲脾气一样坏,那个房子跟我们的一样大,Moreexercise,TheolderIget,我越开心（新编英语语法教程）thehappierIam预测：很可能会考结果状语（adverbialofresult）、原因状语（adverbialofreason）、方式状语（adverbialofmanner）、地点状语（adverbialofplace）。,5定语从句（attributiveclauses）：3道,88.ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis（我们可以合作的领域）（2007.6）thefield（where）wecancooperate.90.(与我成长的地方相比)，thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.(2008.6)ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems(他们至今还没有答案)(2008.12)(which/that)theyhavenotcomeupwith/foundasolutionto.,定语从句,概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.,(Attributiveclause),Maryisabeautifulgirl.,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句,1.Themanisaworker.,2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.,合并句子:,Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.,Maryisagirl.,Maryhaslonghair.,合并为一个句子,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,关系代词,关系副词,which,who,whom,whose,that,Where,when,定语从句的用法:,当先行词是物时,用which或that引导.,Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.,who,whom,whose,that用法区别.,who作定语从句的主语或宾语.,Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.,Themanisaworker.,Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.,分解,作主语,Whom作定语从句的宾语,Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.,Thewomanisateacher.,Theywantedtovisitthewoman.,分解,作宾语,whose作定语从句的定语.,Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.,分解,Iknowthegirl.,Thegirlsmotherisateacher.,作定语,that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.,注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.,Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.,Exercise,1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.,who/that,which/that,whose,3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.,2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.,4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.,5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.,which/that,whom,6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.,which/that,7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.,8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.,9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.,that,that,that,句子翻译,1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.,Thisisthedoctorwhosavedtheboyslife.,2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.,Themanwhoisrunningismyuncle.,3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.,IlikethemusicthatIcansingalongwith.,4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.,Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.,预测：会越来越多综合性越来越强目前还没有考过非限制性定语从句,6.名词性从句(SubstantiveClause)，2道,91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflifeisweighedupon(是用他们能够借道多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.（2007.12）howmuchtheycanborrow90._(很多人所没有意识到的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports,andfootballinparticular.（2009.6）whatmanypeopledontrealize/whatahostoffolksdontrealize,1.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.2.MrsBlackwontbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief.3.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I名词性从句的种类,二重点单词（keywords）：12道。,89.Theprofessorrequiredthat(我们交研究报告)byWednesday.（2006.6）we(should)handintheresearchreport87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasytoadapt(使自己适应另一种不同的文化)(2006.12)oneselftolifeindifferentcultures.87.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedtoconsider(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)(2007.6)thequalityofhumanssleep.87.(多亏了一系列的新发明），doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.(07.12)Owingto(或thanksto)aseriesofnewinventions,89.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete(决定退出比赛)(2007.6)decidedtoquitthematch90.Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,pleasecontactus(按以下地址和我们联系)(2007.6)atthefollowingaddress89.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare(更有可能增加体重)(2009.6)morelikelytoputonweight,91.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyis(与缺乏锻炼密切相关)(2009.6)closelylinkedtothelackofexercise91.Thoughaskilledworker,(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.(2006.6)hewasfiredbythecompany90Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause(它更方便和省时).(2007.12)itismoreconvenientandefficient,87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsofthisresearch.(能应用于新技术的开发)(08.6)canbeappliedtothedevelopmentofthenewtechnology.90.Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand(决定自己创业).(08.12)tolaunch/setup/establish/begintheirownenterprise.,三固定搭配(setstructures)：三道,91.Thenationspopulationcontinuestorise.(以每年1200万人的速度).(2006.12)atarateof12millionperyear87.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto.(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)(2007.6)takeaccountofthequalityofhumanssleep91.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning.(如果你方便的话)(2007.6)atyourconvenience,答题步骤,第一步:通读句子，英汉一起读，理解句意。第二步：利用动词、时间状语等线索，确定句子的时态。如2006.12.88：SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)Havefound提醒：后面一定要用一般现在时。2006.12.tome,nothingismoreinterestingthanreading.89：Thevictim（本来会有机会活下来）ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.Hadbeen提醒句子谈的是过去，人现在已经死了。mighthavesurvived2006.6.91：Thoughaskilledworker,(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.Lastweek提醒句子要用过去时。hewasfiredbythecompany,第三步：汉译英。注意，先翻译谓语动词，把它放在前面。动词（动词词组）一确定，你就成功了一半。如下面这个汉语句子：我邻居去东京渡假，因为钱不够，回不了家了。先找谓语动词。这句话中有两个动作，“去渡假”和“回家”。哪个重要？哪个是说话人要告诉你的重要信息？是“回不了家”，所以return是谓语动词。先翻译核心意思：Myneighbor