国际交流英语视听说B3U4 by cxl 给学生doc资料.ppt

Unit,4,MakingaLiving,MakingaDifference,Book3,C|CriticalThinking.Workwithapartner.Thinkofapossiblespeakerandsituationforeachspeakingpurpose.,Listening1,1.TogiveinformationAlecturebyauniversityprofessor2.Topersuadeyoutodosomething_3.Toentertainyou_4.Tochangeyouropinion_,Listening1,ExampleAnswers2.ATVcommercialforaproductorchildrentryingtoconvincetheirparentstodosomething3.Anactorperforminginamovieorsomeonetellingafunnystoryataparty4.Apoliticianexplainingwhytheyareabettercandidatethantheiropponentorafriendexplainingwhycertaininformationyoufoundonlineisactuallyfalse,Listening1,Listening:AguestspeakerEx.A1.SheisMarshaNolan,aguestspeakerandthedirectorofWorldwideCo-op.2.Theaudienceisadiversegroupofpeoplewhowanttoprotectdifferentanimalspecies.3.TheIrulapeoplecouldnolongerselltheskinsofsnakes,sotheirpovertybecamemoreextreme.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,AnswerKeys(continued)4.TheIrulasbecameentrepreneurs.Theycaughtsnakesfortheirvenom,whichisusedtoproduceantivenintheonlyknowncureforpoisonoussnakebites.TheyformedtheIrulaSnakeCatchersIndustrialCooperativeSociety.Thisbusinessisruncooperatively.5.ThespeakerspurposeistogiveinformationsincetheideasbehindtheIrulasco-op,inotherwordsusingwildanimalsinasustainableway,canbeusedinmanyplaces.,C|ListeningforDetails.Readthestatementsandanswerchoices.Thenlistenagainandchoosethecorrectwordorphrasetocompleteeachstatement.,Tobecontinued,1.Accordingtothespeaker,WorldwideCo-opoffers_tocooperativeenterprises.a.loansb.supportc.healthinsurance2.Eachyear,_peopleinIndiadiefromsnakebites.a.20,000b.30,000c.40,000,Listening1,b,b,C|ListeningforDetails.,3.Thespeakerencouragestheaudiencememberstoassesstheirownsituationsinordertounderstandthereasonswhy_.a.wildlifearebeingkilledb.peopleareearningmorethanbeforec.snakesarebeingmilkedfortheirvenom4.Accordingtothespeaker,WorldwideCo-ophasinformationresources,including_.a.booksb.journalarticlesc.aWebsite,Listening1,a,c,A|MostpeoplerunawaywhentheyseeapoisonoussnakebutnottheIrulasofIndia.Forgenerations,theIrulasmadetheirlivingcatchingwildsnakes.Thesnakesskinsweresoldandmadeintoluxurygoodssuchashandbagsandboots.Thenin1972,theIndianParliamentadoptedtheWildlifeProtectionAct,andthebasisoftheIrulaseconomywassuddenlyillegal.SomeIrulasgotjobsasfarmlaborers,butmanyfoundthemselvesoutofwork.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Thesolutioncamein1978withthecreationoftheIrulaSnakeCatchersIndustrialCooperativeSociety,whosemembersusetheirsnakehuntingskillstocatchsnakes.However,thesnakesarenolongersoldfortheirskins.Thecooperativehasfoundabetteruseforthedangeroussnakes.,Listening1,A|inotherwords,togiveinformationtotheaudience.,AClassQuestionandAnswerSessionA|ListeningforDetails.Listentotheclassquestionandanswersessionandcompletethequestionsthatthestudentsask.,Listening,Listening2,Question1:Doyouknowwhether_?Answer:_,Tobecontinued,people,reallyusethemoneyforimportantthings,Peoplelivinginpovertymake,verygooddecisionsabouthowtospendtheirmoney.Theyalmostneverbuythingstheydontneed.,A|ListeningforDetails.,Listening2,Question2:Canyoupleaseexplainwhy_?Answer:_,Tobecontinued,youdont,askpeopletoworkforthemoney,Mostpeoplewhoareliving,inpovertyarealreadyworkingveryhard.,A|ListeningforDetails.,Listening2,Question3:Idliketoknowwhowhy_?Answer:_,Tobecontinued,makes,decisionsaboutthemoney,Incashtransferprograms,moneyis,giventoaslargeagroupaspossible-often,togovernment,infact.Orthesamepayment,mightbemadetoeveryadultinacertainvillage.,Theideaisthatfinancialdecisionsaremadelocally.,A|ListeningforDetails.,Listening2,Question4:Iwaswonderinghow_?Answer:_,Tobecontinued,getthingslikenewschoolsandroads,communities,Manypeopleintheworldunderstandthe,conceptofgivingalittlemoneytocharityifyoucanand,lettingthecharityfigureoutwhattodowithit.Andthat,mightbethebestwaytogetthereallybigprojectsdone.,A|&B|FemaleProfessor:OK,letsgetstarted.Todayisourquestionandanswersessionwithourguestspeaker,DonaldYates,whohasquiteabitofexperiencewithcharityorganizations.Thisisyourchancetohavesomeofyourquestionsanswered,soletsnotwasteanytime.Mr.Yates?GuestSpeaker:Hi,everyone.I,Idliketostartbythankingyouforinvitingmehere.Imalwayshappytogetoutoftheoffice.Yourprofessorsright.Iveworkedforseveralcharitableorganizationsovertheyears.NowImmoreinterestedinthecashtransferprograms,sothatswhatIm,Imdoingmyresearchonnow.Whodliketoaskthefirstquestion?,Tobecontinued,Listening2,FemaleStudent1:Yes,withcashtransferprograms,doyou,doyouknowwhetherpeoplereallyusethemoneyforimportantthings?Imean,itseemslikepeoplemightnotspendthemoneyresponsibly.GuestSpeaker:A.alotofpeopleaskmethat,butaccordingtomyresearch,peoplelivinginpovertymakeverygooddecisionsabouthowtospendtheirmoney.Theyalmostneverbuythingstheydontneed.Instead,mothersbuythingsfortheirchildrenschooluniformsornotebookse,evenmedicine.Orafarmermightbuyanewtooltohelpwiththeharvest.Withcashtransferprograms,poorpeoplethemselvesdecidewhattheyneedthemost,sotheoutcomesoftheseprogramshavebeenverygood.Yes?,Tobecontinued,Listening2,MaleStudent1:Yes,sir.Canyoupleaseexplainwhyyoudontaskpeopletoworkforthemoney?Iguess,Idbeafraidthatifpeople,peoplegottheirpaymentsfornothing,theywouldntusethemoneywell.GuestSpeaker:Well,thefactis,mostpeoplewhoarelivinginpovertyarealreadyworkingveryhard.Weretalkingaboutmotherswithchildren,familieswithcropstotakecareof,workingpeoplewithtwoorthreejobs.Forthem,alittleextracashisverymuchappreciated!Theyrenotgoingtowasteitonsomethingtheydontneed.Nextquestion?,Listening2,Tobecontinued,FemaleStudent2:Idliketoknowwhomakesdecisionsaboutthemoney.Imean,youcantgivemoneytoeveryonesomeonehastodecidewhoshouldgetit.GuestSpeaker:Well,incashtransferprograms,moneyisgiventoaslargeagroupaspossibleoftentogovernments,infact.Orthesamepaymentmightbemadetoeveryadultinacertainvillage.Theideaisthatfinancialdecisionsaremadelocally.Charityorganizationsthatcomeinfromoutsidemightnotbethebestpeopletomakethosedecisions.Timeforonelastquestion.,Listening2,Tobecontinued,MaleStudent2:I,Iwaswonderinghowcommunitiesgetthingslikenewschoolsandroads.Imean,peopleneedthosetoo,butyoucantbuythemwithsmallamountsofcash.GuestSpeaker:Ah.Thatsreallythefundamentalquestionwhatworksbestwhenitcomestofightingpoverty?Manypeopleintheworldunderstandtheconceptofgivingalittlemoneytocharityifyoucanandlettingthecharityfigureoutwhattodowithit.Andthatmightbethebestwaytogetthereallybigprojectsdone.Ontheotherhand,Iveheardofvillagespoolingtheirmoneytobuildnewirrigationsystems,sowerereallyjuststartingtolearnwhatworksbest.,Listening2,TheBusinessofCranberries,Harvestingriperedcranberries,A|UsingaDictionary.Youwillhearthesewordsandphrasesinthevideo.Writeeachwordorphraseintheboxnexttoitsdefinition.Useyourdictionarytohelpyou.,BeforeViewing,BeforeViewing,marshlegacyvinecorralhardfrostbumpercrop,1._(n.)somethingthatisaresultofaperiodoftimeorhistory2._(n.)asuddendropintemperaturethatoftenkillsplants3._(n.)awet,muddyareaofland4._(n.)aplantthatgrowsoverthingsandoftenproducesfruit5._(v.)totrap,orgatherthingsinagroup6._(n.)anunusuallylargeharvest,legacy,hardfrost,marsh,vine,corral,bumpercrop,CRANBERRYQUIZ:Circlethecorrectanswertoeachquestion.,Tobecontinued,1.Cranberriesareanativefruittowhichcontinent?a.NorthAmerica.b.SouthAmerica.c.Europe.d.Africa.2.TheAlgonquinIndiansusedcranberriesforallofthefollowingpurposesexcept_.foodb.asymbolofpeacec.moneyd.medicine3.Whatistheaveragenumberofcranberriesneededtomakeonecanofcranberrysauce?a.200.b.500.c.1,000.d.2,000.,BeforeViewing,a,c,a,CRANBERRYQUIZ:Circlethecorrectanswertoeachquestion.,4.Americanstraditionallyeatcranberrysaucewithwhichkindofmeat?a.Beef.b.Turkey.c.Chicken.d.Lamb.5.JohnLennonrepeatedthewords“cranberrysauce”attheendofwhichBeatlessong?a.Taxman.b.IAmtheWalrus.c.StrawberryFieldsForever.d.PennyLane.Source:,BeforeViewing,b,c,WhileViewing,WhileViewing,A|Readthestatements.Thenwatchthevideoandcheck()TfortrueorFforfalse.,B|Watchthevideoagainandnumberthestepsofthecranberry-harvestingprocessinthecorrectorder.,WhileViewing,_Thecranberriesarecorralled._Berriesareknockedfromtheirvinesbymachinescalledbeaters._Cranberriesripentoaglowingred._Thecranberrybedsareflooded._Theberriesfloattothesurface.,5,3,1,2,4,TheBusinessofCranberriesNarrator:Asdawnbreaksoverthecountryside,MaryBrazeauBrownisalreadystartingherday.Narrator:Earlymorningishertimetofocusandgetreadyforthebusydayahead.Thecalmofsunrisewontlastlong,notwithafamilytotakecareofinside.MaryBrazeauBrown:CoffeecaketimeNarrator:Andapassionwaitingrightoutsidethedoor.,Tobecontinued,MaryBrazeauBrown:WhenpeoplewouldaskmewhatIwantedtobewhenIgrewup,IknewallalongthereweretwothingsthatIwantedtodo.Beamomandworkoutside.Youregoingtowork,andImgoingtowork.Narrator:Lifehasworkedoutjustassheplanned.Marysofficeisthis6,100-acrecranberrymarsh,oneofthelargestandoldestinWisconsin.MaryBrazeauBrown:Icantresist.Thisparticularsystemwasestablishedbackin1873.Someofthevinesouthereareover70yearsold.Theywereherebeforeme,andtheyllbehereafterme.,Tobecontinued,Narrator:AsownerofGlacialLakeCranberries,sheoverseeseveryaspectofthebusiness,andtodaythelong-awaitedfallharvesthasjustbegun.MaryBrazeauBrown:Harvestisagreattimeofyearbecauseyouknowyouworkforitallyearlong.Narrator:ThemarshsitsinCranmooratinytownthatproducesmorecranberriesinlandthananyplaceintheworld.MaryBrazeauBrown:ThisareawhereweareisallpartofoldGlacialLakeWisconsinandanditsveryflat,highwatertable,acidconditions,lotsofsand,andcranberriesarenativetothisarea.CranberriesareoneofNorthAmericasnativefruits.,Tobecontinued,Narrator:Here,14families,eachwithitsownlegacy,havebeenharvestingthiscropforgenerations.Maryherselfisathirdgenerationcranberrygrower.Whentheberriesripentoaglowingredinearlyfall,itstimetofloodthebeds.Theberriesareknockedfromtheirvinesbymachinescalledbeaters,andtheyfloattothesurfacetobecorralled.Marykeepsacautiouseyeontheweather.MaryBrazeauBrown:Tomorrowmorningyoullsay,“Yeah,thisisfall.”Narrator:Ahardfrostcouldwipeoutanentirecrop.Whentheberriesareindangeroffreezing,theirrigationsystemisturnedontokeepwaterflowingoverthevinesandthetemperaturefromreachingdamaginglevels.Thesesprinklerscouldbethedifferencebetweenabumpercropandabitterharvest.,Tobecontinued,MaryBrazeauBrown:Theforecastforthisweekiscoldallweeksowellprobablynotonlybeuptonightbuttomorrownightandwhoknowshowlong.Narrator:Becausethecranberrycropissodependentonwater,largesystemsofreservoirs,ditches,anddikesareneededtokeepanadequatesupplyreadyatamomentsnotice.MaryBrazeauBrown:.itsawonderfultimeofyear,butitssoreassuringbecauseittellsmethatweredoingsomethingrightandwhenweredoingsomethingrightforthewildlife,thenweredoingsomethingrightforus.Whetheryoureamomtokidsoramomtothecranberryvinesortheloonsorthenorthernharriers,youknow,itsagreatjobtohave.,FurtherListening,A|Readthestatements.Thenlistentoatalkaboutco-opsandcheck()TfortrueorFforfalse.,Listening1,Tobecontinued,A|Readthestatements.Thenlistentoatalkaboutco-opsandcheck()TfortrueorFforfalse.,Listening1,B|Readthesentences.Thenlistenagainandcompletethesentenceswithwhatyouhear.,Listening1,1.Theco-opmembersmaydecidetocooperateandselltheirproductstogether,ratherthan_.2.Thefishermenhadlimitedcontroloverthe_theyreceivedfortheircatch,becausethe_theydependonwerecontrolledbytheprocessors.3.TheSanFranciscoCommunityFishingAssociationformedin_changedthe_ofpower.,Tobecontinued,separately,price,equipment,2010,balance,B|Readthesentences.Thenlistenagainandcompletethesentenceswithwhatyouhear.,Listening1,4.ThemembersoftheSanFranciscoCommunityFishingAssociationworktoensurethatthestateandindustryaretakingcareof_forthelongrun.5.Beforedecidingtostartorjoinaco-op,peopleneedtoconsiderwhethertheywanttospendtimegoingtoco-op_orput_intoalloftheco-opsprojects.,fishstocks,meetings,money,Cooperatives,orco-ops,aredifferentfromcorporationsorotherbusinessenterprisesinseveralways.First,theyremadeupofmemberswhoarealsotheownersofthecooperative.Inthecaseofanagriculturalco-op,anumberoffarmersmaydecidetocooperateandselltheirproductstogether,ratherthanseparately.Asco-opmembers,thefarmersmakedecisionsdemocratically.Theyalsosharetheirwealthamongthemselves.Insteadofgoingtostockholdersandexecutives,profitsincooperativesarereturnedtotheirmembers,whomayalsosharemachineryandborrowmoneyfromtheco-op.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,Perhapsthemostimportantbenefitofco-opsisthepoolingoffarmproductsbecauselargequantitiesmaybemoreattractivetobuyers.Farmersinagriculturalcooperativesareadiversegroup.Theycanbefoundinnumerouscountries,andtheyproduceeverythingfromcottonandsoybeanstoflowersandfruit.Therearealsoexamplesoffishermenworkingtogether.SanFranciscosfishermenfacedthetwinthreatsoftoughcompetitionfromcompaniesoperatinglargeboatsthathavebeenoverfishingthewatersoffNorthernCaliforniaandlimitedcontroloverthepricetheyreceivedfortheircatch.Theprocessorscouldsetthepricebecausetheycontrolledtheequipmentfishermendependon.,Tobecontinued,Listening1,WhentheSanFranciscoCommunityFishingAssociationwasformedin2010,theco-opchangedthebalanceofpower.Itpartneredwithothergroupstobeabletoleaseawarehouse,ahoist,andfreezersatSanFranciscosPier45,aswellaspurchaseforktrucksandthishasenabledtheassociationsmemberstogetfishintothemarketontheirownterms.However,theassociationwasnotsetupjusttocreatefairtradeconditionsforthelocalfishermen.Itsmembershavealsobeenworkingtoensurethatthestateandindustryaretakingcareoffishstocksforthelongterm.,Listening1,Tobecontinued,Startingaco-opwasaneffectivewayforthesefishermentocompeteagainstthelargercompanies.However,co-opsarenottheanswerforeveryindustryorsmallbusiness.Beforedecidingtostartorjoinacooperative,peopleneedtoassesstheirsituationcarefullyandconsiderwhethertheywanttospendtimegoingtoco-opmeetingsorputmoneyintoalloftheco-opsprojects.,Listening1,heifern.小母牛,Listening2,A|Readthequestionsandanswerchoices.Thenlistentoaconversationaboutcharitiesandchoosethecorrectanswers.,Listening2,1.Whatisthemanreading?a.Abookfromhisbestfriend.b.Aletterfromacharityorganization.c.Aneveningnewspaper.2.WhendidtheSchoolsforKidsprogrambegin?a.10yearsago.b.27yearsago.c.5yearsago.3.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheprogram?a.Itsafailure.b.Itsimpressive.c.Itsaworldwidesuccess.,Tobecontinued,b,a,b,A|Readthequestionsandanswerchoices.Thenlistentoaconversationaboutcharitiesandchoosethecorrectanswers.,Listening2,4.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheman?a.Hedoesnthavemoneytosendtocharityorganizations.b.Hehasagoodjob.c.Hethinkseducationcannotchangethesituationofpoverty.5.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthewoman?a.Shecareslittleaboutcharities.b.Shedoesntthinkinvestingineducationisagoodidea.c.Shegivesmoneytoacharityorganizationtohelppoorfamilies.,b,c,B|Readthesentences.Thenlistenagainandcompletethesentenceswithwhatyouhear.,Listening2,1.Sure.Imean,lesspovertyisagoodthing._sendingthemmoney?2.Afterall,Ihavea_job,andthisisagoodconcept.3.Thatdoes_agoodidea.4.Thatmakes_sense.Goodnutritionissucha_humanneed.,Areyouthinkingof,prettygood,seemlike,alotof,fundamental,Margo:Whatareyoureading?Walter:Itsaletterfromacharityorganization.Iveneverheardofthembefore,butlistentothis:“Just10yearsafterourSchoolsforKidsprogrambegan,therehasbeena27%drop