1504-12-Self-Esteem哈佛大学最受欢迎 幸福学 课件.ppt

哈佛大学最受欢迎欢迎课程幸福学课件,Self-Esteem,Outline,Theimportanceofself-esteemWhatself-esteemisandisnotTheparadoxofself-esteemTowardanewunderstandingDependentself-esteemIndependentself-esteemUnconditionalself-esteemEnhancingself-esteem,Definition,“Self-esteemisthedispositiontoexperienceoneselfascompetenttocopewiththebasicchallengesoflifeandasworthyofhappiness.”NathanielBranden,Ofallthejudgmentswepassinourlives,noneisasimportantastheonewepassonourselves.NathanielBrandenThegreatestevilthatcanbefallmanisthatheshouldcometothinkillofhimself.Goethe,TheImportanceofSelf-Esteem,HighSelf-EsteemMentalHealthQualityofrelationshipsSuccessSocialeffectivenessHappiness,LowSelf-EsteemAnxietyDepressionPsychosomaticsymptomsUnderachievement,NathanielBrandenTheimmunesystemofconsciousnessBednarandPetersonUnderlyingcauseofmostemotionalandbehavioralproblemsCaliforniaTaskForceSocialvaccine,Criticism,Egotism(arroganceandconceit),“Thepersonwhofeelsweakbecomesabully,theinferiorpersonabraggart;aflexingofmuscles,muchtalk,cockiness,anendeavortobrazenitout,aresymptomsofcovertanxietyinapersonoragroup.”RolloMay,Criticism,Egotism(arroganceandconceit)Unrealisticevaluation(harmsperformance),SalvagingSelf-EsteemsSelf-Esteem,Whatself-esteemisnotAproductofemptyreinforcementPseudoself-esteemWhatself-esteemisFoundedinrealityProductofhardwork,MoreCriticismsofSelf-Esteem,Anti-socialbehaviorAggressive,uncooperativeParadoxofself-esteem,ANewFormulation,Dependentself-esteemIndependentself-esteemUnconditionalself-esteem,DependentSelf-Esteem,WorthinessOther-determinedCompetenceOther-comparison,IndependentSelf-Esteem,WorthinessSelf-determinedCompetenceSelf-Comparison,UnconditionalSelf-Esteem,WorthinessNotcontingentCompetenceInterdependent,TheImportanceofBeingIndependent,MoralBehaviorTruetoprinciplesEmpathyBettercognitiveperformanceCreativethinkingCommitmenttocontinuouslearningIncreasedHappinessCalmnessThejoyofself-expression,ResearchResults,Self-EsteemStabilityKernis(1995)Ben-Shahar(2000)HappinessandFlowChristino(2002),Narcissism,Generosity,HostilityBen-Shahar(2004)PerfectionismIgnaczykandRichey(2003),TheCaseofRelationships,“Differentiationisyourabilitytomaintainyoursenseofselfwhenyouareemotionallyand/orphysicallyclosetoothersespeciallyastheybecomeincreasinglyimportanttoyou.Differentiationpermitsyoutomaintainyourowncoursewhenlovers,friends,andfamilypressureyoutoagreeandconform.Well-differentiatedpeoplecanagreewithoutfeelingliketheyrelosingthemselves,andcandisagreewithoutfeelingalienatedandembittered.”DavidSchnarch(1997),CultivatingIndependentandUnconditionalSelf-Esteem,“Itiseasyintheworldtoliveaftertheworldsopinion;itiseasyinsolitudetoliveafterourown;butthegreatmanishewhointhemidstofthecrowdkeepswithperfectsweetnesstheindependenceofsolitude.”RalphWaldoEmerson,Change,Attitude,Behavior,EnhancingSelf-Esteem,InducecalmSlavetopassionsFindingflowCopingHumblebehaviorTakingtime,StageModel,Stage1AutomaticreactionConformityDependentselfStage2DeliberatereflActionSelfrelianceIndependentcoreself,EnhancingSelf-Esteem,InducecalmSlavetopassionsFindingflowCopingHumblebehaviorTakingtimeIntegrity,IntegrityTreatment,Beingknownversusvalidated(Schnarch,1997)ExpressnotimpressAssertyourselfGraduallyexpandingintegrityFromjournalingtoloved-onetoworldFromdaytoweektolife-longTruthsetsusfree,Yourtruepotentialliesway,waydowninthedepthsofyoursoulinthepitofyourstomach,pastyourknowledge,beyondyournervousness,andburiedunderyourfearsandanxieties.Ashiddenasitmaybe,itisstillthere.IknowitstherebecauseIvefeltitbefore,andIknowitsthereinotherstoobecauseIveseenothersperformmiracles.Thereisafaintglowofunparalleledpotentialinallofus,andwhenwefindititshines.MelissaChristino,Bandura,A.(1997).Self-efficacy:Theexerciseofcontrol.W.H.FreemanandCompany:NewYork.Bednar,R.L.andPeterson,S.R.(1995)SelfEsteem:ParadoxesandInnovationsinClinicalTheoryandPractice.(2ndedition).AmericanPsychologicalAsssociation.Coopersmith,S.(1967).Theantecedentsofself-esteem.NewYork:W.H.Freeman.Crocker,J.,Luhtanen,R.K.,Bouvrette,S.(2003).“Contingenciesofself-worthincollegestudents:theoryandmeasurement.”JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.85,894-908.Kernis,M.H.(Ed.).(1995).Efficacy,agency,andself-esteem.NewYork:Plenum.Locke,E.A.,McClear,K.,Knight,D.(1996).“Selfesteemandwork.”InC.Cooper&I.Robertson(Eds),Internation