非谓语动词 (2).ppt

Revision,NonPredicateverbs,非谓语动词,性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。,非谓语动词,非谓语动词,不定式动名词分词,不定式的基本形式是to+动词原形，相当于具有名词、形容词、副词的作用，可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。,动词不定式,Toinfinitive,重点用法:,To-infinitives,Subject（主语）,动词不定式,Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.,注意：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用It作形式主语，将不定式后置。,=Itsnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.,Itis+adj.+of/forsb.todo,whentouseof,whentousefor,Itis+adj.+forsb.todo,easy,hard,difficult,important,possible,necessary,Itis+adj.+ofsb.todo,=Sb.is+adj.+todo,good,kind,nice,rude,clever,right,silly,thoughtful,brave,selfish,2.Itsverykind_me.你帮助我真是太好了。3.Itswise_amapwithher.她随身带着一张地图真是明智。,of,you,to,help,of,to,take,her,1.Itsimportant_theenvironment.对我们来说保护环境是重要的。,for,us,to,protect,重点用法:,To-infinitives,Object（宾语）,动词不定式,有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,offer,manage,want,plan,promise,fail,prefer等.,2.动词+疑问词+todo(相当与一个宾语从句）.Hedidntknow_.他不知道去哪儿。,Hesaidhewished_(be)anengineer.,tobe,to,where,go,(=Whereheshouldgo.),3.在find,think,believe后作宾语时，常用it代替(形式宾语)，将真正的宾语放在句末。Ithinkitimportant_.我认为学好英语很重要。Hefeelsithisduty_(help)thepoor.,to,well,English,learn,tohelp,重点用法:,To-infinitives,Objectcomplement（宾补）,动词不定式,有以上结构的常用动词有tell.wish,ask,want,allow,wouldlike,beg,invite,warn,encourage,advise等。,LiMeiaskedmetoshowherthenewdictionary.,a.动词+宾语+todo,常用的动词是：感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice；使役动词have,make,let.,b.动词+宾语+do,(不带to的不定式),WeoftenhearhimreadEnglishearlyinthemorning.,1.Mymotherallowedme_attheweekends.妈妈允许我周末看电视。2.Thepolicemanwarnedtheboys_ontheroad.警察警告男孩们不要在马路上踢足球。3.Letme_(help)yousolvetheproblem.4.Thegirlsweremade_(work)twelvehoursaday.,to,watch,TV,not,play,football,help,towork,to,在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，变为被动语态时，要加上to,重点用法:,To-infinitives,Attributive（定语）,Adverbial状语,Predictive（表语）,动词不定式,其它用法:,Wh-words+to-infinitives,作表语Predictive(表示具体动作或将来动作),1.Theimportantthingis_(finish)theworkontime.WhatIwouldsuggestis_(putoff)themeeting,tofinish,toputoff,作定语Attributive动词不定式作定语，应放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。,Whoisthefirstman_(walk)onthemoon?Thereisnothing_.没什么要担心的。,towalk,toworryabout,如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词,作状语Adverbial,_(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.(目的)2.Hehurriedtothestationonly_(find)thetrainleft.(结果)3.Weareglad_(meet)youhere.(原因),Tosave,tofind,tomeet,Translation,1.你应该决定先做哪一个。Youshoulddecide.2.问题是该把这本书给谁呢。Thequestionis.3.去什么地方还不知道。isnotknownyet.,whichtodofirst,whotogivethisbookto,Wheretogo,wh-words+to-infinitives:,疑问词what,which,who,how,when,where,与不定式构成短语，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。,1.tootodobe+adj+enoughtodoItstime(forsb)todosth4.Ittakessbsometimetodosth5.be+adj(glad/sorry/sure/happy/afraid)+todosth.6.Ihavenochoicebuttodo7.cantwaittodo,todo句型：,1.Whynot/dontyoudo2.Youdbetter(not)3.sb.donothingbutdo4.Will/Wouldyouplease(not)do?5.sb.wouldrather(not)dosth.6.sb.wouldratherdoAthandoB,直接加do句型,Tip:,Haveatry!,Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere.Ihopetoseehimsoon.Hiswishistobecomeanartist.Peopleeattolive,butnotlivetoeat.Ihavealottotellyou.Itsnotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself.Weoftenseehimplayfootball.8.Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.,定语,主语,状语,表语,宾语,主语,宾语补足语,状语,找出动词不定式，并指出所作句子的成分,动名词由动词原形+ing构成，动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等,动名词,Gerund,1.作主语Subject(所表示的动作比较抽象，或泛指习惯性的动作）,_(smoke)isabadhabit._(play)withfireisreallydangerous.,Smoking,Playing,2、作宾语Object,只能接动名词做宾语的动词有miss,finish,mind,keep,practise,enjoy,consider,advisesuggest等。,a.作动词宾语,Hekept_lastsummer.去年夏天他一直练习游泳。,practising,swimming,b.作介词宾语keepondoinginsistondoingwhat/howaboutdoingbecrazyaboutdoingdowellindoingspend(in)doingbeinterestedindoinghavedifficulty(in)doinggiveupdoingbetiredofdoinginsteadofdoingbecauseofdoingbeafraidofdoingthinkofdoingdevotetodoingbe/getusedtodoingpreferdoingtodoinglookforwardtodoingmakeacontributiontodoingpayattentiontodoingstop/prevent/keepfromdoingthankfordoingbegoodatdoing,注意：下列动词既可接不定式有可接形式，但意义有区别。,1.stop,todosth停止原来的事开始干另一件事,doing停止正在做的事,2.goon,todosth继续做另一件事某事,doingsth继续做某事,Thebabyissleeping,pleasestop_(sing).Afteralongwalk,hestopped_(have)arest.,Hewenton_(work)allday.Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewenton_(review)hislessons.,singing,tohave,working,toreview,Dontforget_(turnoff)thelightwhenyouleavetheoffice.Iremembered_(meet)theteacherbefore,heworkedinthelab.,3.forgetremember,todosth忘记/记得要做某事,doingsth忘记/记得做过某事,toturnoff,meeting,4.try,todosth努力做某事,doingsth试着做某事,Pleasetry_(do)itbetternexttime.Letstry_(do)itinanotherway.,todo,doing,3.作表语Predicative,Hisfavoritesportis_(play)basketball.,4.作定语Adverbial,购物篮终点线,5.动名词的习惯用语,beworthdoingbebusydoinghavefun/agoodtime/enjoyoneselfdoingkeepsbdoingfeellikedoingcanthelpdoingNodoing,playing,shoppingbasket,finishingline,1.Hewasinlowspiritsandevenconsider_(go)away.2.Thedoctoradvised_(stay)longerinhospital3.Hedidntfeellike_(work),sohesuggested_(spend)thedayinthegarden.4.Youcertainlymustntmiss_(see)thewonderfulfilm.5.Wearethinkingof_(make)anewplanforthenextterm.6.Hewastiredof_(eat)hamburgers.,going,staying,working,spending,seeing,making,eating,Correctthemistakesineachsentence.LucydoesntmindtolendyouherMP4.Whichdoyouenjoyspendingyourweekend,fishingorshopping?IstillremembertakingtoShanghaiwhenIwasachild.Imnotusedtogetuplate.Stoptoargueandstarttowork.Hearingthebadnews,shecouldnthelptocry.,lending,beingtaken,getting,arguing,crying,tospend,分词,现在分词,过去分词,分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由动词+ing构成，过去分词基本形式是由动词+ed，但也有不规则动词的过去分词。分词在句中可作定语，状语，表语和宾补。,Paticiple,1.作定语AttributiveDoyouknowthegirl_(stand)underthetree?Pleasehandinyour_exercises.请交上你们的笔试练习。,2.作状语AdverbialThestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,_and_.学生们谈笑着走出了教室,standing,written,talking,laughing,3.作表语PredictiveThefilmis_(move).Thegirlis_(move).,现在分词表示“令人.的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到的”，主语一般是人。,Weare_atthe_news.,surprised,surprising,moved,moving,3.作宾语补足语Objectcomplement常见的动词如：see,watch,hear,feel,notice它们接不带的不定式作宾补，表示已完成或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行。我听见他正在教室唱歌。Iheardhim_intheclassroom.我听见他正在教室唱歌了。Iheardhim_intheclassroom.,sing,singing,现在分词和过去分词的区别,在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。,2.在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。,theboyridingabiketheboycalledTom,发展中国家the_country发达国家the_country,(theboywhoisridingabike),(theboywhoiscalledTom),developing,developed,易混句式,1.havesbdo使某人作某事havesthdone使某事被做,Itsgreattohavearobot_(do)allthehousework.Ihavemycar_(wash)onceaweek.,2.needtodo需要做某事（主语通常是人）needdoing需要被做（主语通常是物）,Weneed_(plant)moretrees.Moretreesneed_(plant).,do,toplant,washed,planting,=Moretreesneedtobeplanted.,Exercise,1.Whatbadweatheritwas!Wedecided_.（2011，徐州）A.togooutB.nottogooutC.tonotgooutD.notgoingout2.ThedisabledaretakengoodcareofinChina.Itswrongofyou_them.(2010,泰州)A.tolookdownonB.lookingdownonC.lookdownonD.lookeddownon3.IspendmuchmoretimeplayingbasketthanI_formylesson.(2011,淮安）A.spendtoprepareB.dopreparingC.dotoprepareD.spendprepare,B,链接中考,A,B,4.Wecanmakeafire_theroomwarmsothatwecantalkforawhile.(2011,扬州）A.tokeepB.keepingC.keepD.kept5.IsawLiMing_neartheriveronmywayhome.(2011,盐城）A.playsB.playingC.toplayD.played6.Youlookquitetired.Youdbetter_agoodrest.(2011,宿迁）A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.tostophaving,A,链接中考,B,B,7.Atthemomentwehavetoomuchtodo_(think)ofdoinganythingelse.(2011,无锡）8.Onearth,gravitykeepsourfeetonthegroundandmakesanythingwedrop_(fall)towardstheground.(2011,无锡）9.Bettyisoftenseen_(help)theoldmanwithhishousework.(2010,兰州),tohelp,链接中考,fall,tothink,10.在业余爱好上花些时间对我们来说是必要的。Itisnecessaryonourhobbies.（2011，无锡）11._(make)surethattherearenomistakes,hewillcheckthepaper.(2011,镇江)12.你有足够的耐心教我发电子邮件吗？Areyou_?（2011,镇江）,forustospendsometime,Tomake,patientenoughtoteachmehow,链接中考,tosende-mails,Competition,1.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteat2.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimself_.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard3.-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynot_byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing4.Dontyouremember_?A.seeingthemanbeforeB.sa