中考定语从句

Grammar,AttributiveClauses定语从句,1,学习交流PPT,考点揭密,在复合句中修饰名词、代词，并由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句称为定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词(词组成句子)称为先行词，初中教材着重介绍了关系代词that,which,who所引导的定语从句。,2,学习交流PPT,中考考点设置,1.定语从句为新教材着重要求掌握的内容，从2003年考题来看，全国均未作为重点考查项目，但定语从句的学习在阅读理解内容中出现频率较多。2.着重掌握引导词的选用，特别是一定的特定境况下只能用that,不能用which的情况：,3,学习交流PPT,LiMingisaboy.,LiMingisagoodboy.,LiMingisagoodboy.,形容词作定语,介词短语作定语,在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句作定语叫做定语从句。,good,withglasses,whoiswearingglasses,句子作定语,4,学习交流PPT,定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themandrivingtoofastwasdrunk.,定语从句在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasdrivingtoofastwasdrunk.,5,学习交流PPT,关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别Ihaveasister.SheworksinShanghai.代替sister普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she)Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.关系代词：（如上例who/which）,1.代替先行词;2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分;3.同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）,6,学习交流PPT,Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。,Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行词关系词定语从句,which/that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。,7,学习交流PPT,关系词判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which或that;,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,8,学习交流PPT,指代,所做成分,是否可省略,that,人；物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,which,物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,who,人,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,whom,人,宾语,可省,whose,人；物,定语,不可省,关系代词的用法,9,学习交流PPT,最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。Thewomanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时)(从句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间),10,学习交流PPT,11,学习交流PPT,thetallthestrongtheclever,boy,TheboyisTom.,TheboywhoistallisTom.,TheboywhoisstrongisTom,TheboywhoiscleverisTom,12,学习交流PPT,TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.,TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.,TheboywhoissmilingisTom.(主语),TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.,TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.,TheboywhositsinfrontofmeisTom.,13,学习交流PPT,关系代词who,that作主语,1.Yourfriendcametoseeyouyesterday.2.YourfriendstudiesinBeijingUniversity.,Yourfriendwho/thatstudiesinBeijingUniversitycametoseeyouyesterday.,14,学习交流PPT,关系代词whom,that作宾语,1.Heistheman.2.Youhavebeenwaitingfortheman.,Heistheman(whom/that)youhavebeenwaitingfor.,15,学习交流PPT,关系代词which,that作主语,1.Itsoundedlikeatrain.2.Atrainwasgoingundermyhouse.,Itsoundedlikeatrainwhich/thatwasgoingundermyhouse.,16,学习交流PPT,关系代词which/that作宾语,1.Theearthisabigball.2.Weliveontheearth.,Theearth(which/that)weliveonisabigball.,17,学习交流PPT,关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.,ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.,18,学习交流PPT,Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.,Theman(who)everyonelikesiskind.(宾语),Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.,Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.,Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.,19,学习交流PPT,4.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.,Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,20,学习交流PPT,apple,theredthegreenthesmallthebig,Theapplewhichisredismine.,Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.,Theapplewhichisredissmall,Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.,21,学习交流PPT,1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.,2)Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.TheroomwhereIliveisverybig.,注意:固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat,关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略),22,学习交流PPT,关系代词,3.whose是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。,Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.,Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.,23,学习交流PPT,关系代词whose作定语,1.Doyouknowtheman?2.Themanswatchismissing.,Doyouknowthemanwhosewatchismissing?,24,学习交流PPT,它还可以同ofwhich互换whose+n.=then.+ofwhich,1.Pleasepassmethebook.2.Thebookscoverisgreen.,Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisgreen.,Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen,25,学习交流PPT,1.YesterdayImetMrLi_toldmethewholematter.2.Thisistheman_daughterisinmyclass.3.Thebook_theysentmeisverygood.,练一练,who/that,(which/that),whose,26,学习交流PPT,关系副词,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。,where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。,1.Thehotelwasntclean.+Westayedatthehotel.,Thehotelwherewestayedwasntclean.Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasntclean.Thehotel(which)westayedatwasntclean.,27,学习交流PPT,2.Illneverforgettheday.IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday.IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.IllneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.,28,学习交流PPT,但要注意在以下6种情况下,指物时用that不用which,who,29,学习交流PPT,1.先行词是all,any,everything,anything,nothing,something,much,little,few,none,theone等时,Thereismuchthatshouldbeused.,30,学习交流PPT,2.先行词被all,any,no,only,little,much,very,every,some,few,none等修饰时,Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.Everydictionarythatourlibraryboughtisgood.,31,学习交流PPT,练一练,1.Youmaytakeanythinguseful_youwant.2.Thisistheverybook_Imlookingfor.3.Thisistheonlything_wecando.4.Weshoulddoall_isusefultothepeople.,that,that,that,that,32,学习交流PPT,3.当先行词前有形容词的最高级修饰时,ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.,33,学习交流PPT,4.先行词前有序数词修饰时,包括thelast.,ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.TheGreatWallisthelastplacethatMr.SmithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing.,34,学习交流PPT,5.在以which,who作主语的特殊疑问句中的定语从句中,Whoisthemanthatisreadingabookthere?Whichisthemagazinethatyouborrowedfromthereadingroom?,35,学习交流PPT,6.当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的词时,Wetalkedofthethingsandpersonsthatweremembered.,36,学习交流PPT,注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用who,不用that先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?,37,学习交流PPT,Exercise1:用关系代词填空,Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.,who/that,(which/that),who/that,(which/that),38,学习交流PPT,5.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.8.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,39,学习交流PPT,Exercise2.,Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings_theycouldntremember.Sayall_youknow.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?,that,that,that,当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.,40,学习交流PPT,4.Thisisthefirstplay_IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_Ihaveread.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Whoisthegirl_isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine_weusedlastSunday.,当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,41,学习交流PPT,1.Theperson_youshouldwritetoisMrBall.2.Theteacherfrom_IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.3.Therunner_youareaskingaboutisoverthere.4.Thegirl_youarelookingforisintheclassroom.5.Themeeting_weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel.6.Thefactory_Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed.7.Theairport_is30kilometresawayistheonlyoneinthecity8.Theperson_wontheracewasawomanfromSichuan.,(who/whom/that),whom,(who/whom/that),(who/whom/that),(that/which),(that/which),that/which,who/that,42,学习交流PPT,3.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that4.Haveyoufoundthewoman_pursewaslost?A.herB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose,43,学习交流PPT,5.Mr.Smithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho_inChina.A.workB.isworkingC.areworkingD.hadworking6.All_canbedonehasbeendone.A.WhichB.thatC.whatD.who,44,学习交流PPT,7.Whenhecamebackfromabroad,Johntoldhisparentsaboutthecitiesandthepeople_hehadvisited.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.that8.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyone_familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose,45,学习交流PPT,Matchthetwosentences1.Imreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._3.Idontliketheman.Heissmoking._4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._,Imreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.,Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.,Idontlikethemanwho/thatissmoking.,Whereisthepicture(that/which)youboughtlastweek?,46,学习交流PPT,由Who引导的定语从句，在句中做主语宾语,1、Doyouknowtheman_istalkingwithyourfather?A.whomB.whoC.which2、Theboys_theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those_wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom,47,学习交流PPT,4.Thegentleman_youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor_youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.Theteacherfor_youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that,由Whom引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语,48,学习交流PPT,7、Hepreferstoeattherice_inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.whichisgrownC.thatisgrown8、Theknife_Icuttheapplewithcantbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what9、Theroomin_therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which10、Thisisthepen_heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.that,由Which引导的定语从句，在句中做主语宾语,49,学习交流PPT,11.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.thatB.whichC.who12.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.that13.Jimwasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_，ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.what,由Which引导的非限定性定语从句（不能用that）,50,学习交流PPT,14.Achild_parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose15.Thisbookisforthestudents_native(本国的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose16.Theboy_compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that,由Whose引导的定语从句,在句中做定语,51,学习交流PPT,26.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks_werepopularthen.A.whoB.thatC.which,先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导,52,学习交流PPT,Thenecklace_yougavemeformybirthdayisgood.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what,典型例题解析,C,Pollywasthethief_stoleMumsnecklace.A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what,A,Theone_hegavemeisblack.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.what,B,53,学习交流PPT,ThisisthemostinterestingstoryIhaveheardof.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what,Theone_oneathousanddollarsturnedouttobefalse.A.whichcostB.whichspendC.thatcostD.thatspend,典型例题解析,C,ThisisthefirstarticlehehaswritteninEnglish.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what,B,B,54,学习交流PPT,.单项选择1.Thereisnothing_Icando.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what2.Doyouknowtheman_iswearingglasses?A.whoB.whichC.whatD.where3.Theboy_isplayingfootballismybrother.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where4.Illneverforgettheday_Ifirstmether.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.when5.Icantfindthebook_mymotherboughtme.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what,(A),(A),(B),(D),(C),55,学习交流PPT,6.Thefilm_Isawyesterdaywasveryinteresting.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.that7.Thisisthepan_Iheatthemilk.A.whichB.whereC.withwhichD.inwhich8.Isthereanything_Icanhelpyou?A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what9.All_isneededisafewhandstohelpwiththework.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.things10.Isthisthefactory_youwishtovisit?A.thatB.whereC.whenD.what,(D),(D),(A),(B),(A),56,学习交流PPT,11.Imreadingabook_iswrittenbyLuxun.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.when12.Iliketheteacher_gaveusatalklastweek.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.where13.Thisisoneofthebeautifulmountains_Ihaveseenbefore.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.that14.After20yearshewentbacktothecity_heusedtolive.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that15.MrGreenisonlyoneofthoseforeigners_areworkinginChina.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.whose,(A),(A),(D),(A),(A),57,学习交流PPT,16.Mynecklaceisnottheonlything_ismissing.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where17.Ihatepeople_talkedmuchbutdo_A.who，fewB.that，fewC.which，littleD.who，little18.Illshootanyone_moves.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.who19.Idontknowthereason_hewaslatethismorning.A.whatB.whenC.whyD.who20.Wearelookingforathief_parrotsandnecklaces.A.wholikestealingB.wholikesstealingC.thatliketostealD.whichlikestosteal,(B),(D),(D),(B),(C),58,学习交流PPT,单项选择。1.Thisisthejob_theylaughedat.A.whichB.asC.itD.who2.BeihaiParkisabeautifulpark_builtabout300yearsago.A.wherewasB.thatwereC.whichwasD.where3.Whowasthegrey-hairedman_atyesterdaysmeeting?A.wesawhimB.wesawC.wesawwhoD.shewasseen4.Theman_ispaintingthehouseismyuncle.A.heB.whomC.whoseD.who5.Whatistheanimal_babyissleepinginitspocket?A.whoB.whoseC.itsD.which,A,C,B,D,B,59,学习交流PPT,6.Thisbookisforthestudents_nativel