高考定语从句考点要点

定语从句,theAttributiveClause,1,学习交流PPT,修饰名词和代词的成分,定语:,abeautifulflower,atallboy,beautiful,tall,定语从句：,修饰名词和代词的从句,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.,定语从句,thebestfilm,先行词,that,关系词,2,学习交流PPT,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.,关系词,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在从句中担当一个成分,关系词的作用,1）,2）,3）,3,学习交流PPT,Beijingisthecitythat/whichhasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.,Beijing,thecity,getthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.,4,学习交流PPT,复习一关系代词的用法,who,whom,which,that,whose,5,学习交流PPT,关系副词的用法,when,where,why,time,place,reason,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,6,学习交流PPT,起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。,起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。,修饰先行词,修饰先行词/整个句子,无逗号隔开,有逗号与主句隔开,有that,无that,Revision2限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,作宾语时可以省略,不可以省略,7,学习交流PPT,Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.,Revision2限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）,她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。,8,学习交流PPT,Thebook(that/which)IboughtyesterdayisHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.,有that，作宾语时可以省略,无that,作宾语时不可以省略,，,我昨天买的那本书是哈里.波特与凤凰令,9,学习交流PPT,1.指物时只用that或which的情况2.介词+关系代词3.Whose用法及转换形式4.as与which的区别5.指人时that与who的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题,常见考点,10,学习交流PPT,1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词,2.先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。,3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。,4.先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which，而用that。,只用that的情况:,考点一:that与which的区别,11,学习交流PPT,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what,考点一:that与which的区别,12,学习交流PPT,4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat,6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it,7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it,13,学习交流PPT,1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichBthatCthisD.it,只用which的情况:1,逗号后面2,介词后面,2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichBthatCwhichD.this,14,学习交流PPT,考点二:介词+关系代词,提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替,15,学习交流PPT,ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.,Jointhemintoonesentence.,=ThemanaboutItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.,关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。,whom,16,学习交流PPT,但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置,Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?,17,学习交流PPT,Fillingblanks:,1.Theman_youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroom_myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.,withwhom,inwhich,18,学习交流PPT,考点三Whose用法及转换形式,1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.,Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。,19,学习交流PPT,3.whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.,Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.,=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.,=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.,thewindowofwhich,ofwhichthewindow,20,学习交流PPT,1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is,考点四：,21,学习交流PPT,3.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as4._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like,22,学习交流PPT,考点四：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.2.as引导的从句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如.正象”之意，与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.AsIcanremenber.Asoftenhappens.Asweexpect,23,学习交流PPT,3.As引导的非限制性定从，即可在主句前，也可在主句后，还可在主句中。Which引导的只能放在主句后。1）Aseveryoneknows,Shakespeareisafamouswriter.2)Theplanworkedoutverywell,whichismorethanwecouldexpect.,24,学习交流PPT,Anyone_breaksthelawispunished.punishmentThose_breakthelawarepunished.He_breaksthelawispunished.,在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.,考点五:that与who的区别,who,who,who,25,学习交流PPT,考点六:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?,选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。,做主语，宾语，定语用,做状语用,关系代词,关系副词,26,学习交流PPT,根据从句谓语判断：及物动词，后面无宾语，用关系代词不及物副词Thisisthefactorywhereheusedtowork.Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.,27,学习交流PPT,Iwillneverforgettheday_Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespentinBeijing.Thehouse_wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse_Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,28,学习交流PPT,考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho_afraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,who_notfitforthisjob,is,am,29,学习交流PPT,3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten4.Sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls_wellinclass.A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosing,30,学习交流PPT,1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.2).a.Theprofessorisalittleman,onthenoseof_thereisapairofglassesb.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseof_thereisapairofglasses,解题点拨:是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。,them,whom,which,him,易混句型1.定语从句与并列句,31,学习交流PPT,2.定语从句与状语从句1).a.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanliftit.b.Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanlift.2).a.Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer_hecaneasilyfindit.b.Pleaseputtheletter_hecaneasilyfindit.,解题点拨:(1)状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。(2)句which引导的是定语从句修饰名词drawer,而where引导的是地点状语修饰动词put。,that,as,/inwhich,where,where,32,学习交流PPT,3.定语从句与名词性从句1)a.Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.2)a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.3)a._isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.b.Itisknowntousall_TaiwanbelongstoChina.c._isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.,b.Hedidwhathecouldtohelpme.,b.Whatcanbedonehasbeendone.,As,that,What,33,学习交流PPT,4.定语从句与同位语从句1).a.Thenews_ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.b.Thenews_hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.2).a.Imadeapromise_ifanyonesetmefree,Iwouldmakehimveryrich.b.Themothermadeapromise_pleasedallherchildren.,that,(that/which),that/which,that,解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。,34,学习交流PPT,5.定语从句与强调句型1)a.Itisinthisroom_Ilivedlastyear.b.Itistheroom_Ilivedlastyear.2)a.Itwasatsevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.b.Itwassevenoclock_hewenttoschoolthismorning.,解题点拨：强调句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分;去掉Itis/was.that/who,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。,that,where,that,when,35,学习交流PPT,2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.,A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、which,A,先行词是situation,case,scene时，一般用where,最佳选择则是inwhich,36,学习交流PPT,3.Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.,A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why,C,Shewillneverforgettheday_shestayedwithhiminBeijing.,A,37,学习交流PPT,5.Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.,A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、which,B,6.Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.,A、whoB、whowantC、whowantsD、what,B,38,学习交流PPT,7.IdontlikeEnglish,_grammarIamnotinterested.IdontlikeEnglish,_grammarisdifficulttolearn.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayisjustenoughtoget.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayissmall.A.inwhichB.whichC.throughwhoseD.whose,A,B,C,D,39,学习交流PPT,8.I，_yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.,A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoam,D,9.Whichofthetwocows_youkeepproducesmoremilk?,A、whichB、thatC、whatD、as,B,40,学习交流PPT,10.Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.,A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhich,D,41,学习交流PPT,12.Asmanymembers_werepresentagreedtotheplan.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.as,D,13.HemustbefromAfrica,_canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.whoD.what,B,42,学习交流PPT,14.Thisisthesamepen_Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&B,D,比较：.thesamepenasIlost.thesamepenthatIlost.,表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是,则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.,43,学习交流PPT,15.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolve.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolveit.A.asB.thatC.whichD.theones,A,B,so