概要写作练习

浙江高考英语新题型“概要写作”After this class, you will be able to know:12 3 5what the summary writing is the criteria of a good summary how to write a good summary普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语 科考试说明概要写作：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文 写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）词数少于40的和多余80的， 从总分中减去2分评分原则1、本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2、评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确 定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、 确定或调整档次，最后给分。3、词数少于 40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑： (1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； (2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； (3)上下文的连贯性； (4)对各要点表达的独立性情况；Argumentation (议论文） Forms of LiteratureExposition （说明文）Narration （记叙文）Argumentation (议论文）Topic Supporting ideasConclusion概要写作（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容 概要。(Para 1 )Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.(Para 2 )In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. (Para 3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? (Para 4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.Step 1:Readtopic sentence: There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt structure supporting ideasFind out the topic sentence of each paragraphYou may need to pay attention to some words like: think, believe, consider, regard, argue, support, be convinced that, in ones opinion, from ones point of viewPara 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtEuropean in a friendly way. Henry Examples of some countries IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.(Para 3) Though the belief in the merit of dirt was longlived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically ? speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?(Para 4) Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in thedirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latterposition is gaining some ground.Step 2:Makean outlineTopic: There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirtIn the suppor 16th century -ting (Para 2 ) Ideas since18th century (Para 3) nowadays (Para 4)People thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out diseasehas no longer been regarded as cleaning away dirt is good to health encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune systemStep 3:Rewritethe sentences in other ways There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. different, mixed, various反义转换towards opinions, views, ideas同义词替换句型转换The attitudes to dirt is not always the same. Peoples attitudes to dirt vary in different times. People hold different opinions towards dirt over time. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.Have a try! In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.同义词替换think: believe, hold, consider, insist, argue, are convinced. block out disease: prevent/protect/keep away from illness; One possible version: In the 16th century, people believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. wash off, get rid of benefits, is beneficial to, does good to, contributes toOne possible version: People began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. Nowadays, encourages people to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.believe, support, agree, approve. People are encouraged to语态转换be exposed to. One possible version: Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.Add linkingthe words to make the passage coherent Steptwo 4: Make summary coherent People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. In the 16th century, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people People began to change their attitudes to dirt more than 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. Nevertheless/But/however nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure Nowadays, to some dirt may help our immune system.Step 5:Revise4 “C” : complete, correct, concise, coherentPeople hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. In the 16th century, people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. But nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.( 67 words)Step 6: Clearly copy your draft to the paperHow to write a summary(argumentation)1.Read3.Rewrite 4.Make it-Topic , structure, key supporting sentences2.Make an outline coherent5. Revise6. neatly copyHomeworkFinish the summary writing of the following Passage阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Getting up early has been regarded as a good habitsince ancient times. Many years ago, people thought thatif we went to bed early and get up early, we would beenergetic( 充满活力的 ) the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions(条件). Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly andaccurately in the morning than any other time of the day.If we do some morning exercise or only take a shortwalk in the morning, we can build our bodies andbecome much healthier. Also we will have enough timeto make a plan and get ready for our work or study ofthe day if we get up early. However, if we get up late,we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.Let us remember getting up early is a good habit andtry our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up earlyevery day, we will certainly benefit(受益) a lot from it.参考范文? Getting up early in the morning is a good habitand very important, because in the morning we can have a better memory, healthier bodies and better preparation for the day. In addition, morning exercise can help us keep healthy. So, it is beneficial to us.参考范文? It is