高一英语外研版必修三-module3学案

Module 3 Book 3 The Violence of Nature一：词形变化：disaster n. 灾难，灾害；不幸 disastrous adj 灾难性的;损失惨重的experience n. 经验；经历；vt. 体验 experienced adj. 有经验的current n. 海流；潮流；adj. 现在的；流通的 currency n. 货币furniture n. 家具 furnish vt. 提供；供应；装备bury vt. 埋葬；隐藏；掩埋； burial n. 埋葬，葬礼；adj. 埋葬的occur vi. 发生；出现 occurrence n. 发生；出现violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的；暴力的 violence n. 暴力；强力erupt vt. (火山的)爆发，喷发 eruption n. (火山的)爆发，喷发tide n. 潮流；潮汐 tidal adj. 受潮水影响的；有涨落的 volcano n. 火山 volcanic adj. 火山的possibility n. 可能；可能 possible adj. 可能的 possibly adv. 可能地terrify vt. 恐吓；使害怕 terrifying adj. 吓人的；可怕的 terrified adj. 感到恐惧 lucky adj. 幸运的- unlucky luckily adv. 幸运地；幸亏- unluckilythankfully adv. 感谢地；满怀感谢地 thankful adj. 感谢的hopefully adv. 满怀希望地；有希望地 hopeful adj. 有希望的fortune n. 财富；命运；运气 fortunate adj. 幸运的 unfortunatefortunately adv. 幸运地 unfortunatelywarn vt. 警告 warning n. 警告 二：重点单词和短语：1. disaster n. 灾害,灾难,不幸 natural disasters 自然灾难We were all shocked by the disaster. 这场灾难使我们所有人大为震惊。 Our plan ended in disaster. 我们的计划以彻底失败告终。disastrous dzstrs adj 灾难性的;损失惨重的 a disastrous mistake 招致大祸的错误 disastrous results 损失惨重的结果2. flood n. 洪水，大水；水灾 vt. /vi. 淹没；(雨水)使泛滥； (洪水般)淹没；涌进；充满，充斥；The river has flooded the meadows. 河水淹没了草地。The river is flooded by the rains. 雨水使河水泛滥。roads flooded with cars 挤满了汽车的道路Music flooded the room. 音乐充满了整个房间。When I drew the curtains back, the sunlight flooded in.我拉开窗帘，阳光泻进房间。Applications flooded in. 申请书大量涌来。【直击高考】1) When we visited my old family house ,memory came_back A. flooding B. to flood C. flood D. flooded2) These days it has been raining in South China. Most big rivers are_.A in need Bin return Cin flood Din a bad mood3. experience：vt. 经历，体验。 He experienced the hardest time of his life when he was laid off. 下岗期间他经历了人生中最艰难的时期。n. 经验；经历。作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词。have much teaching / working experience 有丰富的教学/工作经验He had no experience of managing a farm. 他没有管理农场的经验。作“经历”讲时，是可数名词。 an unforgettable experience一次难忘的经历Please tell us your experiences while in Africa. 请告诉我们你在非洲的经历。experienced adj. 有经验的 be experienced in 在方面有经验 He is experienced in looking after children.【直击高考】1) Jumping out of _airplane from such a high place is quiet _exciting experience for him A. the ;a B. an; an C. a; an D. the; an2) We had _ pleasant experience when my family were on _ vacation last summer. A. / ; / B. a ; a C. / ; a D. a ; /3) He is a teacher with ten years _, and he has a lot of unforgettable_ while teaching. A. experience; experience B. experiences ; experiences C. experience ; experiences D. experiences ; experience4. currentn. 水流；潮流；气流; 电流; 潮流；趋向He swam to the shore against a strong current. 他逆着急流游向岸边。adj. 当前的；现在的(只用在名词前) 通用的；流通的；流行的He is your current employer. 他是你现在的雇主。That word is no longer in current use. 那个词已不通用。【知识拓展】currently adv. 现时；当前 currency n. 货币current account 活期存款账户；往来账户 current affairs 时事5. furniture n. U 家具 (不可数名词) 一件家具：a piece of furniture； 一些家具：some furniture注意：英语中有些名词为典型的不可数名词，任何时候都不能加不定冠词，也不能用复数。如：advice忠告，建议/information信息/baggage行李/luggage行李/equipment设备/progress进步news / housework/ homework/ fun/ health / weather等 【知识拓展】furnish vt. 供给，供应；装备，配备；提供(必需品)；尤指(用家具等)陈设，布置(房间、公寓等)； That shop furnishes everything that is needed for camping. 这家店铺供应野营所需的一切。 be furnished with 配备有, 装配有His office is tastefully furnished with modern furniture. 他的办公室用新式家具装饰得十分雅致。6. bury vt.1) 埋葬；隐藏；掩埋；覆盖He was buried with his wife. 他和他的妻子葬在了一起。Our dog buries its bones in the garden. 我们的狗把骨头埋在花园里。She buried her face in her hands and wept. 她双手掩面哭了起来。He buried himself in the country to write a book. 他隐居到乡下去写书。2）bury oneself in / be buried in 埋头于 ; 专心致志于In the evenings he buries himself in his books. 每天晚上他都埋头读书。【练一练】All the students in our class buried themselves studies_ the coming exam. A. in; preparing B. in; preparing for C. for; prepared D. for; prepared for【知识拓展】be absorbed in 全神贯注于； be occupied in doing sth / with sth 忙于7. occur (occurred, occurred, occurring ) vi. 发生，出现; 被想起 (不能用被动语态) occurrence n. 发生， 出现 sth occurred to sb. 某人想到某事 = sth struck/ hit sb. It occurred to sb .that 某人突然想到 1) Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north. 几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国东南部的德克萨斯州到北部的达科他州这一地区。 2) That accident occurred yesterday. 那事故是昨天发生的。 3）A good idea occurred to me. 我突然想到一个好主意。 4）It suddenly occurred to me that I hadnt seen Peter all day. 【词语辨析】take place, happen, occur, come about, break out 这些词或短语都有“发生”的意思，都不可以用于被动语态，但用法各不相同，区别如下： (1) take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。 Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing. (2) happen 作“发生、碰巧”解，常指具体事件的发生，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。A storm happened across the river in another country.Maybe something unexpected happened. sth happen to sb. 某人出了事 A traffic accident happened to him yesterday. 昨天他出了车祸。(3) occur表示发生时其意义相当于 happen；occur to 表示“想到、突然想起” A big earthquake occurred (= happened) in the south of China last month. It occurred to me that she didnt know I had moved into the new house. sth. occur to sb./ It occur to sb. that“某人突然想起” sth happen to sb. 某人出了事 (4) come about 表示“发生、产生”，常用于疑问句和否定句。 How did the differences come about ? 这些差异是怎样产生的？ How did it come about that.? = How come? 某事是怎样发生的？怎么回事？How did it come about that you failed the exam again? 你又没及格，这是怎么回事？ How come you didnt tell me earlier ? （=Why didnt you tell me earlier ?） 你怎么不早点儿告诉我(5) break out 意思为“发生、爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生Two world wars broke out last century.A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night.After the flood, diseases broke out here and there.【即学即用】1) I _along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_ . A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred2) Its already 10 oclock I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A. came over B. came out C: came about D. came up3）Please tell me how the accident _. I am still in the dark. Acame by Bcame upon Ccame to Dcame about4）-I dont think Ill be able to go mountain-climbing tomorrow.- _?A. And how B. How come C. Hows it going D. How about it5) An awful accident _, however, occur the other day. A. does B. did C. has to D. had to6) -Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? -Something _ to him. Amust happen Bshould have happened Ccould have happened Dmust have happened7) I was still sleeping when the fire_ , and then it spread quickly. A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out 8) It _ me that I should treat myself a dinner after such a exhausting examination. A. happened to B. struck to C. occurred to D. came about8. strike vt&vi (struck , struck 或 stricken ; striking)1) (雷电、暴风雨,疾病等)袭击： An earthquake struck/hit Wenchuan on 12th May 2008.2) 打击，撞击： He was struck by a heavy blow. 他受到重重的一击。 A stone struck the little boy on the head. 一块石头击中小男孩的头部。3）突然想到；一下子想起；猛地意识到 （相当于 occur to ）A good idea struck the scientist. 那位科学家突然想起了一个好主意。It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我突然想起我们应该制订一项新的计划。4）打动：The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake. 游客们被西湖的美景打动了5）(钟等)敲响报时： The clock has struck twelve. 钟敲了十二下。6）罢工：The trade union decided to strike the whole country. 工会决定在全国举行大罢工。7）擦燃(火柴)： He struck a match to light a cigarette. 他划了一根火柴，点燃了香烟。8) n. 罢工： be on strike 在罢工 （状态）; go on strike 举行罢工（动作）【拓展归纳】 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 strike sb on/ in the+身体部位： 打某人的身体某处； strike a match 划火柴 ； be on strike在罢工（状态）； go on strike 举行罢工（动作）； strike against. 撞到上； an air strike 空袭【词语辨析】 strike（struck；struck/ stricken）/ hit（hit；hit）/ beat （beat；beaten）这些动词均有“打”之意。1） strike 指用力的击打，打击或敲击.2） hit 指侧重于对某一点“打中，击中”，指有目标地打；常与strike换用.3） beat表示连续不断有规律地敲打，如：雨点敲打窗子；海浪拍打海岸；鸟拍打翅膀；心脏，脉搏的跳动；也可以指殴打；或指在游戏、竞赛或战争中作“击败对方”. 【即学即用】 1）The angry man_ the table with his fist2）He _the man on the shoulder. 3）The rain was _against the window.4）I can easily_ him at table tennis. 5）The bird _ its wings rapidly as it flew on.9. ruin vt. & vi. 毁坏，毁灭，葬送；破产； n. 毁灭； (建筑物等的)倒塌；颓废；复数废墟；遗迹 1）The whole supermarket was ruined in a great fire. 整个超市被一场大火烧掉。 2）Bad weather ruined our holidays. 坏天气把我们的假日全给搅了。 3） He was ruined by gambling. 赌博使他倾家荡产。4） It poured with rain and my dress got/was ruined 大雨倾盆，我的连衣裙已淋得不成样子了5）An earthquake left the whole town in ruins 那次地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。 6）The castle has fallen into ruin 那座城堡已经倒塌。【拓展归纳】 fall into ruin倒塌；崩溃 be / lie in ruins 成为废墟（状态） go/ fall/ come to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃 the ruins of Yuanmingyuan圆明园遗迹 ruin ones health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉 ruin ones hopes使某人希望破灭 【直击高考】 1） I got caught in the rain and my suit _.A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 2）It has rained nonstop for ten days, completely _ our holiday. A. to ruin B. ruined C. having ruined D. ruining【词语辨析】ruin/ destroy/ damage这三个词都有“损坏，破坏”之意，具体区别如下： 1）ruin指彻底摧毁一件事物，特别是美好、珍贵的事物，使其无法修复，其主语多为天灾人祸等无形的力量。还可以指“价值，用途降低或外表损坏等” ，意为“弄糟了，弄坏了”。He has ruined his health through drinking. 他饮酒过度，把身体搞坏了。 2）destroy 指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作破坏、毁灭解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. 地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。His hope of being a writer was destroyed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。3）damage指“损坏”，表示不彻底的破坏，一般是部分损坏，损害;它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词 cause / do damage to sb./ sth. 对造成损坏，破坏The accident did a lot of damage to his car. 这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。A torrent of rain came down and damaged the crops. 大雨倾盆而下，损害了农作物。I asked him to pay for the damage of my car but he couldnt afford to. 10. There is no possibility of sth/doing./that(同位语从句) 有/没有的可能性Is there any possibility of your going abroad this year? 今年你有可能出国吗？T here is no possibility that he will be elected chairman of the committee. that引导的同位语从句说明possibility的具体内容。11. warn vt. 警告；告诫 ; 提醒 warning n. 警告；告诫; 警报；1 ) warn sbof(或 about)sth 警告某人某事； 2 ) warn sb(not)to do sth 警告某人(不)要做某事； 3 ) warn sbagainst sth(或doing sth) 警告某人不要做某事；4 ) warn(sb)that 警告(某人)某事。12. pick up 1) 拾起；捡起；拿起；卷起，掀起。 He picked up his suitcase and went out. 2)（无意中,偶然）学会(语言知识技能) My brother picked up some French while he was travelling in Paris.3) (顺便)买,便宜地买到 ： My friend knew where to pick up a secondhand bike.4 ) (生意,天气,健康等)好转,恢复,有起色：The economy is beginning to pick up soon. It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.Under good treatment, Linda is beginning to pick up and will soon recover.5) (车、船等)中途搭载乘客，,接人 The train stopped several times to pick up some passengers . Wait here and Ill pick you up at two oclock.6 ) (从电台，收音机里)收听、接收: My radio can pick up BBC English and VOA easily.7 ) 加快速度 : The train was gradually picking up speed.【直击高考】Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. (2010山东27)A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up 13. end up 结果为，以结束 1) end up with 以告终 The meeting ended up with a new song. 2) end up as 结果成为 He ended up as the head of the company. 3) end up doing sth. 结果做了 We were to go out, but ended up watching TV at home.4) end up in hospital / prison 最终住院 / 坐牢 5) end (up) in failure/ disaster 以失败而告终 They had nowhere to stay and _in the railway station. 他们无处可呆，最终睡在了火车站。【直击高考】Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just _ sweet dreams. (2010江西26)Akeep up with Bput up with Cend up with Dcatch up with【拓展归纳】 make both ends meet 使收支相抵 from beginning to end 从头到尾come to an end 结束 put an end to / bring to an end 使结束at the end of在尽头，末端，结束时 by the end of 到末为止in the end 最后 on end 连续地 ；竖着 14. 有关fire的短语：1）放火焚烧： set fire to sth = set sth on fire 2）在燃烧 ： be on fire3）（物）起火,开始燃烧：catch fire 4）扑灭火： put out fire5）火灾发生：(fire) break out 6）fire engine / fire escape / fire fighter / fire truck三：课文重点句子：1.They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在远处。 leave作使役动词, leave + 宾语 + 宾语补足语，表示使/ 让保持某种状态。leave sb. / sth + n. / adj. / prep./ doing / done / to do / where或as引导的从句1）Leave the door open when you go out. 出去时,不要关门。2）His parents both died last year, leaving him an orphan. 他父母去年双双去世,留下他成为一个孤儿。3）Leave him to do it himself. 让他自个儿去做。4）They killed the bison, cut off the skins and left the bodies to rot. 他们把野牛杀死剥皮,尸体就任其腐烂。5）They walked off and left me sitting there alone. 他们走开了,让我一个人坐在那儿。6）He went out, leaving his papers lying open on the desk. 他出去时,把他的文件摊在桌子上。7） Did you leave the doors and windows properly fastened? 你把门窗关好了吗?8）He left a few questions unanswered. 他还有些问题没有作答。9）When someone is badly injured, leave him where he is and you should not move him .10）Leave it as it is. 把它维持原状（顺其自然）好了。【直击高考】You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. A. when B. where C. then D. which2. On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1500 injuries. 平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1500人受伤。 causing about 80 deaths and 1500 injuries 是V-ing形式作结果状语。 He died in 1985, leaving his wife with three children and a lot of debts.【知识拓展】1）V-ing 或thus V-ing形式作结果状语指句子主干中的动作与状语中的动词之间具有必然的因果关系，通常放在句末，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。A terrible earthquake happened, causing a lot of damage.2）不定式作结果状语通常表示一种出乎意料的结果，可以在不定式前加only或never，用来强调惊讶和出乎意料的意思。He hurried to the station, only to be told the train had left.【即学即用】1) More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.A. making B. made C. to make D. having made2) Chinas Liu Xiang equaled the world record of the 110-meter hurdles, thus_him world famous overnight. A. to make B. made C. making D. to have make3) By the time it ended , more than 700 people had been killed and 2700 had been injured. 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。含有过去完成时的固定句式：1）It was the +序数词 time + that 从句 （从句中用 sb. had done ） This/ It is the first time that I have been here. That/ It was the third time that he had made the mistake.2）Hardly.when.和 No soonerthan.句型中 ，主句中用 sb. had done; 从句中用 sb. did sth 刚一就 I had hardly ( no sooner) got home when (than) the rain poured down. Hardly (No sooner ) had I got home when ( than ) the rain poured down.3）It was + 一段时间 + since sb. had done . It is / has been five years since my father gave up smoking. It was a long time since I had enjoyed myself so much.4）had done （meant；intended; hoped；wanted; planned; thought等），表示本打算，本希望，本想要，本计划，本以为，但实际上未能实现, 后面常与but连用。 I had meant to attend the party, but I had an unexpected visitor.【即学即用】1） At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _. A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached2）The moment I got home, I found I _my jacket on the playground.A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving3）The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _ some European business partners. A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met4）When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there.A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain5）Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted6）She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything!A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating7）Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _ from China. A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received8）By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _ from college.A. gradua