高级英语第二册Pub-Talk-and-the-King’s-English.ppt

Unit3PubTalkandtheKingsEnglish,AdvancedEnglish,IntroductiontothePassage,Ithasaratheralooseorganization:title,abrupttransitionparagraph,digression-authorsreflectionsonthehistoryandmeaningof“theKingsEnglish,hislovefordictionariesandthesalonsof18thcenturyParisThelastsentenceinthelastparagraphwindsup(endsup)thethemebypointingoutwhatisthebane(祸害）ofgoodconversation.-digression离题,Thetitleofthetext,Thetitleofthispieceisnotveryaptlychosen.ItmisleadsthereadersintothinkingthatthewriterisgoingtodemonstratesomeintrinsicorlinguisticrelationshipbetweenpubtalkandthekingsEnglishWhereasthewriter,inreality,isjustdiscoursingonwhatmakesgoodconversation.Hefeelsthatbarconversationinthepubhasacharmofitsown.,Thetitleofthetext,Thewriterillustrateshispointbydescribingthecharmingconversationhehadwithsomepeopleoneeveninginapubonthetopic“theKingsEnglish.,IntroductiontothePassage,Therealthesis-inthe3rdpara.“Barconversationhasacharmofitsown”.Abettertitlewouldbe:TheArtofGoodConversation“TheCharmsofConversation,Transitionalparagraph,Para.5isatransition.Fromherethewriterpassesfromageneraldiscourseongoodconversationtoaparticularinstanceofit.,IntroductiontothePassage,6.Whatisthethesisstatement?Thethesisisexpressedintheopeningsentence“Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities”.7.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Generaldiscussiononwhatmakesgoodconversation,Structuralanalysis,Part1par.1-2Thewriterputsforwardthetheses.1.Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities.whatconversationisandwhatcharacteristicsofarealconversationare.,Part2Paras.3-5:focusonpubconversationwithacharmofitsownbygivingusspecificexampleofaconversation.,Part3par.6-11anexampletosupportthethesisnofixedtopic-theKingsEnglish-Australia-Saxonchurls-thelanguagebarriersTheexamplehaswellexplainedwhereitscharmlies.,Part4paras.12-19moredigressions(whatthewriterthoughtaboutafterthebarconversationthenightbefore)Para.12-15HegiveshispersonalreflectiononthehistoryandmeaningoftheKingsEnglishPara.16-19Bythementioningofdictionariesandsalonsof18thParis,herevealshisattitudetowardstheKingsEnglishAttitude:1)notultimatum2)slipsandslides,Part5Para.20-21conclusionThosepeoplewhoruintheconversationbytryingtotalksensearejustlikechimpanzeeswhoarenotcapableofconversation.,Para.1-3Questions:,WhatsthemainideaofPara.1,2?Whatisthefirsttopicthewriterputsforward?Doyouthinkthewriterstickstothistopic?Whatmakesagoodconversation?Whydoesthewriterlikebarconversationsomuch?Howdoyouunderstandthemetaphorconveyedbythefourverbs“meander,leap,sparkleandglow”?,pubtalk:conversationheldinthepublichousePubbingandclubbingarethemainformsofEnglishnightlife,especiallyfortheyoung.Pubbingmeansgoingtoapubwithfriends,havingdrinks,andchatting.Clubbingisdifferentfrompubbingandincludesgoingtoapub,oraplaceofmusic,orabar,oranyotherplacestogatherwithfriends.Clubbingcanbefoundeverywhere.Usuallythereissomekindofdresscodeforclubbing,suchasnojeans,nosportswear,orsmartclubwear,whilepubbingismuchmorecasual.TheKingsEnglish-standardEnglish;RP,Detailedstudyofthetext,Conversationhumanactivities:Morethananyotherhumanactivity,conversationhelpstopromoteanagreeable,pleasantandinformalrelationshipamongpeople.,Anditisanactivityonlyofhuman,-Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.Animalsandbirdsarenotcapableofconversation.,Howeverintricatenameofconversation:Howeverintricate:nomatterhowintricateintricate-complicatedTheintricatecomputerrequiresaskilledoperator.anintricateargument/plotdesign/pattern,complex,complicated,sophisticated,intricate,complex侧重内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运用。complicated与complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很难分析、分辨或解释。sophisticated侧重指事物发展到或达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂。intricate着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑理解,Indulge,Indulgentadj.Theprivatebusinessownerindulgedhissonwithplentyofpocketmoney.纵容孩子Dontindulgeyourselftoofreelywithwine/liquors.过分贪杯，纵酒Occasionallyheindulgesintheluxuryofagoodcigar.偶尔享受一支好雪茄Themanagerindulgedthecompanywithasong.唱歌给大家助兴,Indulgein:goinfor,allowtoenjoy,indulgeindreams爱幻想indulgeinself-glorification一味自我陶醉，一味自吹自擂indulgeinfantasy一味异想天开,indulgencen.Theactoraninstanceofindulging;gratification:,Constantindulgenceingamblingbroughtabouthisruins.经常沉溺于赌博导致了他的毁灭。Hisindulgenceinstrongtearesultedininsomnia.对浓茶的嗜好导致失眠Thegameofbilliardsishisonlyindulgence.桌球是他仅有的嗜好Thepublisherseekstheindulgenceofourreaders.出版社请读者们多多包涵Imustaskthereaderskindindulgenceforanymistakesandomissionsthatmaypossiblyoccur.错误及疏漏之处，敬请读者们谅解。unbridledindulgence放荡不羁,Para.1,deservesthenameof:tohavearighttobecalled,beworthyofthenameofParaphrase:Nomatterhowcomplicatedthemannerinwhichanimalsmakeknowntheirintensionstoeachother,theydonotgoinforanyactivitywhichmightrightlybecalledconversation.,Para.2,Howtomakegoodconversation?Whatmakesgoodconversation?1.Anythingcanstartaconversation.Itdoesnotneedaspecialtopictostartaconversation.Andoncestarted,nooneknowshoworwhereitwillend.2.Whatspoilstheconversationispeoplewhothinktheyhavealotofimportantthingstosay.Hewhowouldhaveanythingimportanttosayspoilstheconversation.,Whatmakesgoodconversation?,3.Conversationisnotformakingapoint.4.Thereisnowinninginconversation.Onedoesnottrytoprovehimselfrightandotherswrong.Wemayarguebutweneednttrytoconvinceothersthattheyarewrongandweareright.,Thecharmofconversationorjustglows:amixedmetaphor.,“conversation”-astreamwhichmeandersandleaps-firewhichglowsandsparkles.doesnotreallystartfromanywhere:Itdoesnotneedaspecialtopictostartaconversation.Anythingmaystartagoodconversation.Andoncestartednooneknowshoworwhereitwillend.Thatswhyconversationisdelightfulandcharming.,mixedmetaphor,meander/sparkle-smooth/peacefulleap/glow-exciting/heated,metaphor,Meandern.漫止,弯曲,曲流ramblev.漫止,蜿蜒而流wanderaimlesslyoridlyMeanderingadj.Meanderern.Eg:Wemeanderedthelowerreachesoftheriver.leap-river1.flowslowlyturninghereandthere2.jumpover,Meander,TofollowawindingandturningcourseTomoveaimlesslyandidlywithoutfixeddirectionSyn：stray，twist，wander，windAstreamsmeandersthroughthemeadow.Avagabondwhomeandersthroughlife一个漂泊不定的流浪者themeandersofthelaw法律程序的繁复,metaphor,Sparkleglow-fire1.smallflashes2.brightlight,Theenemy“somethingtosay”:Goodconversationisgenerallyspoiltbypeoplewhothinktheyhavealotofimportantthingstosay.,Conversationisnotformakingapoint:Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideaorpointofview.Inaconversationweshouldnottrytoestablishtheforceofanideaorargument.,makeapoint,-proveeffectivelytruthofonesstatementbyargumentorinsomeotherway.立论；证明观点ThisisthefirstpointIwanttomake.Inthiscasehemadeapoint.在这一点上，他发表了自己的观点。,inaflash-inasecond,Inaflashherealizedthattheywerepresentsfromhispatients.Everythinghappenedinaflash.aflashinapan,Theyarereadytoletitgo.,-Theyarereadytogiveuptheopportunitytotelloneoftheirbestanecdotes(becausetheconversationhasmovedontoothersubjects),characteristicsofconversationmentionedinPara.2,1.Conversationcanstartfromanywhereatanytime,andcangofreely.(Itdoesnotneedaspecialtopictostartaconversation.Andoncestarted,nooneknowshowandwhereitwillend.)(Sen.1,2)2.Conversationisnotforconvincingothers.(Sen.3,4)Donotdotootherswhatyoudontwanttobedonetoyou.Dontdountootherswhatyoudontwantothersdountoyou.3.Conversationrequiresnowinners.(Sen.5)4.Everyconversationistiswillingtolettheconversationgofreely.(Sen.6),Para.3,1.Whatsthemainideaofthisparagraph?2.Explainthemetaphoricalmeaningof“ontherocks”andtheidiomaticexpression“getuponthewrongsideofthebed”.4.Whatisthecharmofbarconversation?5.Paraphrase“didnotdelveintoeachotherslivesortherecessesoftheirthoughtsandfeelings”.Identifythefigureofspeechusedinthissentence.,Para3,therealthesis-Barconversationhasacharmofitsown,up-bringing,-thetrainingandeducationreceivedwhilegrowingupHisupbringingexplainsalotabouthisattitudetowardswomen.,ofonesown,-belongstrictlytooneselfShehasamindofherown.她颇有主见。Forreasonsofhisown,herefusedtojointheclub.由于某些个人理由，他拒绝参加那个俱乐部。,Whydoesthewriterlikebarconversationsomuch?,1.Thewriterisonlyafrequenterofpubs.2.Bargoersarenotintimatefriends.Bar/church,theplaceforpeopletomakefriends.Barplaysanimportantroleinsocialactivitiesinthewesternworld.,Thefactthatnotaconcern:Itisnotamatterofinterestorimportanceiftheirmarriagesarebreakingup,ortheirloveaffairshavebeenbrokenortheyarejustcrossorgrouchy.ontherocks:metaphor,comparingamarriagetoashipwreckedontherocks;(tobeindirestraits;tobeinaconditionofruinorcatastrophe),ontherocks-,infmlclich1.wreckedorruinedMrJonesbusinesswasontherocks.=Hisbusinesswaslosingmoneyandalmostruined.,ontherocks,2.withiceonlySallyorderedanorangejuiceontherocks.=Sallyorderedanorangejuicewithicecubes.Marriageiscomparedtoashipwreckedontherocks.,ontherolls在名单上ontherunadv.跑着,逃跑,奔走,被通辑着onthespotadv.当场,在危险中,处于负责地位,Ancientsuperstition:,1.getoutofbedonthewrongsidegetuponthewrongsideofthebedThismaybemoreappropriatelytermedanidiomaticexpressionthoughcalledametaphorintheexercises.Itmeanstobecrossorinabadtemperfortheday.Themeaningisperhapsderivedfromtheexpression:Yougotoutofbedthewrongway.Itwasanancientsuperstitionthatitwasunluckytosetthefootonthegroundfirstgettingoutofbed.Gettingoutofbedonthewrongsidewillbringyoubadluck.Thewrongsideisusuallytheleftside.Whenonegetoutofbedonthewrongside,itusuallymeansyoureinthegrumpyorbadmood.Gobacktobedandgetupontherightside.,Ancientsuperstition,2.“Steponaspider.itissuretorain”Thissuperstitionistoldtoallchildren,becausenoonewantsittorain.Spidersgenerallylivealongandhealthylife.3.Thenumber13hasoftenbeenthoughttobeabadomen.Peopleshouldneverinvite“13”gueststodinner.Itisbelievedthatonewilldiebeforetheyearisout.,Ancientsuperstition,4.Fridaythe13thisdaytostayathomeanddonothing.Itisdoublyunlucky,whenthe13thofthemonthfallsonaFriday.Badthingswillhappen.Manypeoplerefrainfromstartingactivitiesonthe13thtomakesurenoevilwillhappentothem.,Theyarelikemusketeersandfeelings:asimile.ThethreemusketeersinDumasnovelwereveryclosefriends.Theysupportedeachotherwiththeirfortuneandtheirlives,yettheyshowednocuriosityinnortriedtofindoutanythingabouteachothersprivatelives.Barfriends,likewise,donotprobedeepintoeachotherslivesnordotheytrytofindouttheinmostthoughtsandfeelingsoftheirdrinkingcompanions.delve:metaphor,(archaic)todigwithaspade.Hereitmeanstoinvestigateforinformation,delve,dig,research;investigatedelveintobook专研书本delveintothepast调查过去的情况Ifyoudelveintosth,youtrytodiscovernewinformationaboutit.,AlexandreDumas,AlexandreDumaspre(1802-1870)isoneofthemostfamousandpopularFrenchwriters.HeisbornonJuly24th,1802inAisne,aplacenearParis.BythetimeyoungDumaswasbornhisfamilyhadlostallpretensionstowealth,andhiswidowedmotherstruggledtogivehimadecenteducation.,Whilehewasgrowingup,hismothersstoriesofhisfathersbravemilitaryactsduringthegloryyearsofNapoleonIofFrancespawnedAlexandresvividimaginationforadventureandheroes.Althoughpoor,thefamilystillhadthefathersdistinguishedreputationandaristocraticconnections,andaftertherestorationofthemonarchy,twenty-year-oldAlexandreDumasmovedtoPariswhereheobtainedemploymentatthePalaisRoyal,WhileworkinginParis,Dumasbegantowritearticlesformagazinesaswellasplaysforthetheatre.In1829hisfirstsoloplay,HenryIIIandhisCourt,wasproduced,meetingwithgreatpublicacclaim.Thefollowingyearhissecondplay,Christine,provedequallypopular,andasaresult,hewasfinanciallyabletoworkfulltimeatwriting.In1830,heparticipatedintherevolutionthatoustedKingCharlesXandreplacedhimonthethronewithDumassformeremployer,theducdOrlans,whowouldruleasLouis-Philippe,theCitizenKing.,Heturnedtowritingnovelsaround1838whentherewashighdemandforserialnovels(knownasfeuilletoninFrench)fromthenewspapers.Hisnovelsbecameimmenselypopularandheenjoyedalargeincomewhich,however,nevercoveredhisexpense.DumasgotmarriedwithanactressnamedIdaFerrierin1840butneverceasedtohaveaffairs.Hewasthefatherofthreeillegitimatesons,oneofwhomwouldfollowhisfootsteptobeafamouswriter.,Becauseofhisextravagantlifestyle,Dumaswasconstantlyindebtsoin1851hefledtoBelgiumtoescapehiscreditors.FromtherehetravelledtoRussiaandItalytoseekinspirationforhisstories.InItaly,DumasbecameinvolvedinthestruggleforaunitedItalywhenthekingdomofItalywasproclaimedin1861.HereturnedtoParisin1864anddiedattheageof68in1870.InNovember30th,2002hisbodywasexhumedandmovedtothePantheonofPariswhereFrenchluminariesareinterred.,ThemostfamousworksofAlexandreDumasareTheThreeMuskeeters(1844),TheCountofMonteCristo(1845-1846),TheQueenMargot(1845).MostofDumassnovelswerewrittentobeserializedonthenewspapersandtheFrenchpublicusedtoeagerlywaitforthenextpartofhissagas传说.Hewasveryproductivebutstillneededtheextensiveassistanceofghostwriterstomeetthedemandforfeuilleton通俗小说.WhileDumasismostwellknownforhisnovels,hewasalsoasuccessfulplaywrightandnon-fictionwriter.HisplayHenryIIIandhisCourtwasanenormoussuccessofitstimeandhisbooksontravellingwerewellreceived.,HeisbestknownforhisadventureandactionpackedhistoricalnovelslikeTheCountofMonteCristo,TheThreeMusketeersandTheManintheIronMask.,MusketeersofDumas,ThethreeMusketeersinDumasnovelareveryclosefriends.Theysupportedeachotherwiththeirfortuneandtheirlives,yettheyshowednocuriosityinortriedtofindoutanythingabouteachothersprivatelife.,twokindsoflanguage:,a)colloquialexpressionontherocksgetoutofbedonthewrongsideb)literaryallusion文学典故，引喻inreferencetoaperson;event;story,Para.3,也许是因为在英国酒吧泡大/长大（/混大）的缘故，我觉得酒肆闲聊自有其魅力/别具魅力。酒吧里的朋友并不过深地介入（/涉足）对方的生活，他们只是同伴，并不是密友。谁婚姻岌岌可危/触礁，谁爱情遭遇挫折/破产，或即使是/抑或/就连谁因早晨下床方位不合而情绪低落，统统不是他们所关心/在意的事。/婚姻触礁啦，爱情搁浅啦，即使是心情不好啦，这些都不是他们关心的事/没人理会这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的火枪手，虽然朝夕相处（/并肩作战）/挨着彼此生活，却并不介入对方的生活，打探/深究他们内心深处的想法与感受。/互不干涉各自的生活，也不揣摩别人内心的想法与感受。,PartII(para.4-11)Para.4,Specificexample.Itmaybeusedasatransitionalparagraph.Inordertoarousethereaderscuriositythewriterdidntmentionthetopicuntilthenextparagraph.,Para.4,1.Whatwastheoccasiontheotherevening?2.Trytounderstandthemetaphor“alchemy”.3.Explain“itwasnotsomethingthatwaspressingonhermind-butherremarkfellquitenaturallyintothetalk”.,AtypeofsciencethatpeopleusedintheMiddleAgestotrytochangeordinarymetalintogold.Figurativelyusedhere,meaningtheseeminglymiraculouschangeofathingintosomethingbetter;amagicchange/transformationofconversation.,desultory,-aimless,half-hearted(fml)散漫ThewordcomesfromtheLatindesultor-leaper.Somethingthatisdesultoryisdoneorhappeninanunplannedanddisorganizedway,andwithoutenthusiasm.,desultory,Thereweresomedesultoryattemptstodefendhim.Hebegantolookdesultorilyforanotherapartment.aconversation漫谈research漫无边际的研究awalk漫步,commonplace,adj.-ordinary,commonDisposablecigarettelightersarecommonplace.Airtravelhasnowbecome.n.Inearliercenturiesthedeathofchildrenwasacommonplace.,alchemy-magic,theformofchemistrystudiedintheMiddleAges,whichwasespeciallyconcernedwithtryingtodiscoverwaystochangeordinarymetalsintogold.aliteraryuse,thepowertodosth.sowellthatitseemsmysteriousandmagicalthealchemyofhisperformance,Itwasnotpressingonhermind:Itwasntsomethinginhermindthatwascallingforimmediateattention.,那天晚上就是这样。/那天晚上正是这样的情形。当时大家在东一句西一句天南海北地聊着/当时大家天南地北漫无边际地聊着，/一天晚上，正是在这样一种场合中/正是在这样一种酒吧闲谈的场合中，大家东一句西一句天南海北地聊着/大家天南地北漫无边际地聊着，从最平常的事/日常琐事聊到对木星的想法/思考/从柴米油盐聊到宇宙万象，没有重点/中心话题也不需要重点/中心话题。这时，谈话忽然发生了神奇的变化，于是马上有了一个重点/中心话题/固定的主题。我已经不记得是什么使我们的一个同伴说了那一句话。很显然，她并不是为了说这句话才到酒吧来的/她并不是特意跑到酒吧里来说这句话的，那句话也并不是压在她心头非说不可的。但她很自然地就谈到了这个：,PartII(para.4-11),Q1.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph5?Q2.WhatistheimpliedmeaningofWehadtraveledinfiveminutestoAustralia?Q3.NamesomeEnglishwordsborrowedfromFrench.Q4.Whatmightbetheauthorsviewsaboutbilingualeducation?Q5.Sumupthemainideaofthispart.,Para.5,“someonetoldmeproperlyuse”:shorttransitionparagraph,introducingthefocalsubjectoftheconversationtheKingsEnglishtermofcriticismTheterm“theKingsEnglish”isgenerallyregardedbymostpeopleasreferringtostandardorcorrectEnglish,i.e.goodwhicheveryoneshouldtrytoimitate.NowthespeakersaysthetermreferstoEnglishthatshouldnotbeused.Insteadofpraising,thetermisnowcriticizing.,“那天有人告诉我说，王之英语/标准英语/国王的英语是个贬义词/带批评意味的词，它是指我们实际上不应该使用的语言。”,Para.6,Theglowintoflames:metaphor.Conversationisbeingcomparedtoafire.Theconversationbecamespiritedandexciting.,Para.6,affirmation-astatementofyourbeliefinandsupportforthemthedenunciationofprivilegeandaffirmation指责特权affirmationofequality赞同平等,Wewouldlook,morning:Wewouldlookupreferencebooks(dictionariesandsoon)nextmorningtofindouttheexactmeaning.,Thatwouldsettleit:Bylookingupreferencebooksonecouldsettletherightorwrongofanargument.ThereferencebookswouldproveorrefutetheallegationofthespeakerthattheKingsEnglishisatermofcriticism.itcouldstillgoignorantlyon:Theconversationcouldgoonwithoutanybodyknowingwhowasrightorwrong.,Para.7,ItwasanAustralianofconvicts:WhenthespeakerexplainedthatthedefinitionwasgiventoherbyanAustralian,herlistenersimmediatelymadesomesharpcuttingrepliessayingitwasnotsurprisingtohearAustralianstalksuchnonsensebecausetheyweredescendantsofconvictstartremarks:sharp,cuttingremarksdescendantsofconvicts:implyingtheAustraliansarecrude,uneducatedpeople,convict,-apersonwhohasbeenfoundguiltyofacrimeandsenttoprisonesp.foralongtimeanescapedconvictanex-con前科犯Convictvt.证明.有罪,宣告.有罪Convictionn.深信,确信,定罪,宣告有罪guiltyofacrime,WehadtravelledAustralia:ThoughtheywereinanEnglishpub,theyweresoontalkingaboutAustraliaandtheAustralians.Ofcoursesuchasociety:ofcourseinAustraliawherethepeoplearedescendantsofconvicts,(hencebelongingtothelowerclasses)therewillberesistancetotheuseofthekingsEnglish,alanguageusedbytheupperclass.,Para.8,Lookatthelanguageconquerors:TheNormanrulers,kingandnobles,spokeFrenchatcourtandtheconqueredSaxonpeasantsspokeEnglishandrefusedtolearntheFrenchoftheirmasters,hencetheyhaddifficultycommunicatingwitheachother.Whowasrightmatter:Comparewithparagraph6:“butconversationdoesnotneedtobesettled;itcouldstillgoignorantlyon.”Theconversationwasonwings:metaphor,comparingconversationtoabirdflyingandsoaring.Theconversationsoonbecamespiritedandexciting.,barrier,obstacle,difficulty,difficulty-themostgeneralofthewordsandmaybeappliedlooselytoanytroublesomestateofaffairstohavedifficultyinlearninghighermathematicsthedifficultyofdrivingacarthroughdeepmud,barrier,obstacle,difficulty,obstacle-somethingthatonemusteitherremoveorgoaroundbeforebeingabletoproceedThehugetreethathadbeenblowndownbythestormwasanobstacletotraffic.Illhealthmaybeanobstacletoachi