1996-05语法笔记

1996年05月语法题1. Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by _ the trails of meteors passing through it.(A) to watch(B) watching(C) watched(D) watch答案：B分析：空格前是介词by,由此判断空格处是非谓语动词-ing形式，故选B.翻译参考：通过观察大气中层的流星可以测定风的移动。2. Thomas Edisons first patented invention was a device_ in Congress.(A) votes counted for(B) had been counting votes(C) for counting vote(D) be a counted vote答案：C分析：空格前为结构完整的句子，(A),(B),(D),均含有谓语动词，但没有从句引导词，不符和谓语单一性原则，故选(C). 翻译参考：Thomas Edison第一个取得专利权的发明是一个为美国国会选票计数的装置。3. Clara Bow, a popular actress in the 1920s, retired _ she was unable to make the transition from silent films to sound films.(A) nevertheless(B) in spite of (C) because(D) and for答案：C分析：空格前后都是主谓结构，空格处明显缺少从句引导词，四个选项中只有C能引导从句，故选(C).翻译参考：十八世纪二十年代的著名女影星Clara Bow，因为无法适应无声电影到有声电影的过度而退休。4. Built in 1882, the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County, Pennsylvania, is open only to those visitors _ are able to walk its 2,058 - foot length.(A) who(B) to whom(C) which they(D) that which答案：A分析：空格前为指人的先行词，空格后有谓语动词，空格处缺少指人的定语从句引导词，故选(A).翻译参考：建于1882年宾西法尼亚Mckean郡的Kinzua Viaduct只对能够步行2058米的游客开放。5. A bridge must be strong enough to support its own weight _ the weight of the people and vehicles that use it.(A) as well(B) so well(C) as well as (D) so well as答案：C分析：as well和as well as都是固定搭配，as well as一般放在句子中间，表示同级比较，as well一般位于句尾。故选(A).翻译参考：一座桥必须能承担自身的重量和通过它的人和车的重量。6. The swallows of Capistrano are famous _ to the same nests in California each spring.(A) to return(B) who returned(C) they returned(D) for returning答案：D分析：be famous for为固定搭配，故A错。(B),(C)为句子，缺从句引导词，故排除。翻译参考：Capistrano的燕子以在每年春天可以返回位于加利福尼亚的同一个巢而著称。7. In the fourteenth century, _ that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven.(A) the discovery(B) it was discovered(C) with the discovery(D) if it was discovered答案：B分析：空格前为时间状语，后面是由that引导的从句，空格处缺少主句。只有(B)为完整的主谓结构，故选(B).翻译参考：在十四世纪，人们发现涂有硝酸银的玻璃在炉中烧后会变黄。8. _ recurring fear is out of proportion to any real danger, it is called a phobia.(A) When(B) Whereas(C) Which(D) Whether答案：A分析：逗号后为主句，前面应该是状语从句。（B）明显不和题意。（C）,(D)不能引导状语从句，故选(A).翻译参考：恐惧是当没有真实危险时反复出现的害怕。9. Many modern photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other _ in their photographs.(A) than light is (B) than light(C) being light(D) light答案：B分析：other than为固定搭配，后面一般不接句子，故选(B).翻译参考：许多现代摄影师都尝试着在他们的照片中熟练地运用光以外的摄影要素。10. For any adhesive to make a really strong bond, _ to be glued must be absolutely clean and free from moisture or grease.(A) and surfaces(B) when surfaces(C) the surfaces(D) surfaces that 答案：C分析：空格前为状语，空格处缺句子主语。(A),(B),(D)均不能直接作主语，故选(C).翻译参考：对于任何强力的胶粘剂来说，需要粘和的表面都必须是干净的，而且不含水分和油脂。11. Although still underwater, Loihi Seamount, the newest Hawaiian island, _ closer to the surface by frequent volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to the island.(A) brought(B) to be brought(C) being brought(D) is being brought答案：D分析：空格处确谓语动词，故先排除(B)和(C)。bring为及物动词，空格后没有宾语，在句子中应用被动语态，故选(D).翻译参考：虽然仍在水下，但夏威胰最年轻的海底山Loihi被可以增加熔岩层的频繁的火山喷发推向水面。12. _ unstable and explodes as a supernova is not known.(A) For a star to become(B) How a star becomes(C) A star becomes(D) That a star is becoming答案：B分析：由并列连词and可知应选主语从句引导词，从句主语和explodes并列的谓语动词。(A),(C)均无引导词，可排除。(D)可以用做主语从句，但不和题意，故选(B).翻译参考：一个星球如何变得不稳定和爆炸成为超新星是未知的。13. Not until linoleum was invented in 1860 _ hard - wearing, easy - to - clean flooring.(A) any house did have(B) did any house have(C) house had any(D) any house had答案：B分析：从not until放在句首可知主句的主谓倒装。故选(B).翻译参考：直到1860年油毡被发明时，房屋才有了不易磨损和易清洁的地面。14. Hiram Revels, the first Black member of the United States Senate, served as senator from Mississippi, an office _ he was elected in 1870.(A) which(B) to which(C) and which(D) being which答案：B分析：空格前为名词，后面是句子，由此判断空格处缺定语从句引导词。(A)中which一般做定语从句的主语，从句中有主语是它一般做介词宾语，此时前面缺介词。(C)(D)中which前面都不是介词，故选(B).翻译参考：美国参议院的第一个黑人成员Hiram Revels,作为来自密西西比的参议员，就职于他1870年时被任命的部门。15. Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _.(A) to constantly flow into them(B) is constantly flowing into them(C) constantly flows into them(D) constantly flowing into them答案：D分析：空格前是完整的句子结构，(B)(C)均有谓语动词，但没有从句引导词，所以排除。(A)为不定式短语，可作状语，但不和题意。(D)为现在分词，修饰river water，符合题意。翻译参考:海洋由于蒸发而持续损失流入其中的河水。16. Because of it consists only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell of A BCprotein, a virus cannot eat or reproduce by itself.D答案：A改正：becausebecause of分析：Because of 后面应接名词或名词短语，because后才可接从句。翻译参考：病毒不能自行进食和生殖，因为它只含有被蛋白质包着的DNA的一个相对较短的链。17.The oxygen in the air we breathe has no tasted, smell, or color.A B C D答案：C改正：tastedtaste分析：tasted为过去分词，不能和后面的名词并列做宾语。翻译参考：我们所呼吸的空气中的氧没有味道，气味或颜色。18.In 1977 Kathleen Battle was hired by the New York Metropolitan Opera, Where her ABCbecame the star soprano.D答案：C改正：hershe分析：her为宾格代词，不能在从句中做主语，故改为主格代词she.翻译参考：1977年Kathleen Battle被纽约歌剧院聘用，在那里她成为了女高音明星。19. The aardvark is a mammal that burrows into the ground to catches ants and termites.AB CD答案：D改正：catchescatch分析：动词不定式有时态和语态的变化，但没有数的变化。翻译参考：土豚是一种可以在地上打洞捉蚂蚁和白蚁的哺乳动物。20. Because of the availability of trucks and easy access to modern highways, the locate Aof farms has become relatively unimportant with respect to their distance from markets.B C D答案：A改正：locatelocation分析：locate为动词，不能做主语，故改为名词。请大家切记of前后都要用名词形式的成分。翻译参考：由于利用卡车和便于进入高速公路，农场选址在距市场大距方面变得不那么重要了。21. The homes created by the legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright are still viewed ABas uniquely, innovative, and valuable.CD答案：C改正：uniquelyunique分析：此题考察的是平行原则，故将副词改为形容词。TOEFL语法考试中，一般在这种平行结构出现时，就是正确选项出现的时候，请大家注意！翻译参考：传奇的建筑学家Frank Lloyd Wright创造的房屋一直被视为是独特的，创新的和价值的。22. Geologists find it useful to identification fossils in a rock sample because AB Ccertain assemblages of species are characteristic of specific geologic time periods.D答案：B改正：to identificationto identify分析：由形式宾语it可知后面有不定式短语，但identification是名词，故改为动词。翻译参考：地质学家发现坚定岩石样本中的化石十分有用，因为特别地质时期所含的特定集合物是不同的。23. Many poets enhance their work by creating a contrast among realism and symbolism AB C Din a given poem.答案：D改正：amongbetween分析：among用指两个以上的“在中”，两者之间要用between。翻译参考：许多诗人通过对诗歌进行现实主义象征主义的对比来提高他们作品价值。24. Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports to augment their own crops.AB C D答案：B改正：fewsome分析：extent是不可数名词，不能用few修饰，“to some extent”指“在某种程度上”。翻译参考： 大多数国家依靠一定程度的谷物进口来增加自己的粮食量。25. The fragrant leaves of the laurel plant to sell commercially as bay leaves and are A Bused for seasoning foods. C D答案：B改正：to sellare sold分析：根据平行原则，and前面应该有与are used并列的谓语动词。平行结构出题频繁，希望大家注意。翻译参考：月桂树香页被商业性出售，并且被用来作调味品。26. When contented, and occasionally when hunger, cats frequently make a purring sound.A B C D答案：B改正：hungerhungry分析：平行结构，when后面的都是形容词。（本套题目中第三次考察平行结构）。翻译参考：猫在满意时饿的时候经常发出呜呜的叫声。27. The evolution of fishes is a history of constant adaptation to new possibilities, and a A B Crefined of these adaptations. D答案：D改正：refinerefinement分析：不定冠词a后一般接名词，根据平行原则，此处也要用名词，对应history.翻译参考：鱼类进化是一个持续适应新情况和改进适应能力的过程。28. In 1991 Antonia Novello, the United States Surgeon General launched several programs A Bto address particular problem that young people have.CD答案：D改正：problemproblems分析：可数名词不能单独存在，要有冠词修饰或变为复数形式。翻译参考：1991年美国卫生局医务官员Antrona Novello发起了几个活动来解决年轻人遇到的特殊问题。29. Some psychologists believe that those who are encouraged to be independent, Aresponsible,and competent in childhood are likely more than others to becomeBCDmotivated to achieve.答案：D改正：likely moremore likely分析：语序错误，more构成形容词比较级时放在形容词前面。翻译参考：一些心理学家认为那些在儿童时期被鼓励自由发展，有责任心和有竞争意识的人比其它人更有成功的欲望。30. The central purpose of management is for making every action or decision help achieve A BCa carefully chosen goal.D答案：A改正：for makingto make分析：表示目的一般用动词不定式。翻译参考：管理的核心目的是通过每个措施和决定来达到一个精心选择的目标。31. As a poetry Nikki Giovanni makes effective use of jazz and blues rhythms. AB CD答案：A改正：poetrypoet分析：poetry是“诗歌”的总称，poet是“诗人”。翻译参考：诗人NG有效的利用了爵士和蓝调韵律。32. Unlike wood, paper, and fabric, which tendency to disintegrate after being buried for ABCmany years, ceramics and glassware although easily broken, survive well in the ground.D答案：B改正：tendencytend分析：which从句中缺少谓语动词，故改为tend。tend to+动词不定式指“易于，往往会”。翻译参考：陶制品和玻璃制品虽然很易碎，但可以在地下很好的保存，不象木头，纸和纤维一样会分解。33. Margaret Mead achieved world famous through her studies of child - rearing, ABpersonality, and culture.C D答案：A改正：famousfame分析：famous 是形容词，不能做宾语，故改为名词。翻译参考： MM在对儿童的培养，人性和文化方面的研究局势闻名。34. The discovery of the antibiotic penicillin in 1928 has not produced antibiotics useful for A B Cthe treatment of infectious diseases until 1940. D答案：B改正：has not producedid not produce分析：until 1904表示时间是过去，所以谓语应该用一般过去时。翻译参考：1928年发明的抗生素盘尼西林直到1940年才被用于对付传染病。35. In the United State, the Cabinet consist of a group of advisers, each of whom is chosen A BC Dby the President to head an executive department of the government.答案：A改正：consistconsists分析：主语谓语单复数应一致。这是常考的考点。翻译参考：美国内阁由一些顾问组成，他们是由总统挑选的，用来组成一个执行政府部门。36. Colleges in the newly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of ABthe American Revolution, inaugurated a broad cur