中考介词、连词复习(精品课件)

中考专项复习之介词、连词,介词考点,1.了解介词的定义：是一个虚词，表示词语间语义关系的词叫介词，介词用于名词或名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构前。2.熟悉介词的结构：介词不能单独使用作句子成份，必须和名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语；如果用在动词前，则动词必须用动名词形式。如：thanksb.fordoingsth.；whataboutdoingsth.；withoutdoingsth等；介词短语在句中一般可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。例如：,1Thegirlinredismysister.(定语）2Tomwillbebackintwohours.(状语)3Mypen-friendisfromAmerica.(表语)4Helpyourselftosomefish.(宾语补足语),一.表示地点位置的介词,at,in,onat(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在附近，旁边”in(1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在范围之内”。on表示在某物的表面，“在上面”。,中考链接,1Thegroupofsoldiersarrived_asmalltown_arainymorning.（08常州）A.at;onB.at;inC.in;onD.in;in2Isthetiemade_silk?(08连云港)Yes.Itsmade_Italy.A.from;inB.of;inC.from;ofD.of;from,A,B,2)above,over,on的区别（在上面）above指位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，与below相对over也指位置高于某物，但在正上方，与under相对on表示一个物体在另一个物体上面并与之接触。1Thebirdisflying_myhead.2Thereisabridge_theriver.3Heputupthepicture_thewall.4Lilylivesonthetopfloor.Tomlivestwofloors_her.5Weputshoes_thebedwhensleeping.,表示地点位置的介词,3)infrontof,inthefrontof的区别infrontof意为“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义是behind（在的后面）inthefrontof意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义是atthebackof（在范围内后部)1Therearesomebigtrees_thebuilding.2Theteacherisstanding_theclassroom.3Icantseemyball.Itmaybe_thedoor.4Sheoftenfeelssickonthebus,soshecantsit_thebus.,表示地点位置的介词,二.表示时间的介词in,on，at,1)in,on，at在时间in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如：inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inoneslife,inonesthirties等。on表示具体到某一天及其早、中、晚。如onMay1st,onMonday,onNewYearsDay,onacoldnight,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon，onChristmasDayat表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或不带Day的节日前等。如at3:00,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof,attheageof,atChristmas，atnight,atnoon等。注意：在last,next,this,that，every等词修饰的时间之前一律不用介词。如：Wemeeteveryday.,中考链接,1.Nanjingisabeautifulcity.ItwonChinaHumanHabitatEnvironmentPrize_2008.(09南京)A.atB.onC.inD.by2Letsplaytabletennis_Tuesdaymorning,shallwe?（09河北）A.onB.inC.toD.at3Wellhaveahikingtrip,butwhenshallwemeet?Letsmakeit_halfpasteight_themorningofJune21.A.at;inB.at/;onC./;inD.about;by,C,A,B,4._May27th,2008,millionsofpeoplewatchedtheBeijingOlympicTorchRelayinNanjing.（08南京）A.OnB.InC.AtD.For5.Imadeaspecialcardformyfather_FathersDaythisyear.（08泰州）A.inB.atC.onD.during6.WhendidyourunclearriveChina?HegottoGuangzhouthemorningofthe16thofApril.(09广州）A.at;inB.in;inC.to;onD.in;on,A,C,D,2)in,after在之后“in+段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；用将来时“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；=段时间+later，用一般过去时。1Shereturnedtoschool_twodays.=Twodays_,shereturnedtoschool.2-Howsoonshallwestartthebicycletrip?-_.（07南通）A.InthreedaysB.AfterthreedaysC.InthreedaystimeD.Afterthreedaystime,表示时间的介词in,after,C,3)since表示从过去某点开始的时间段持续至说话时刻，因此通常与现在完成时连用。for跟一段时间连用，表示持续多久，通常也用现在完成时。Forexample:Hehastaughtintheschool_fouryearsago.=Hehastaughtintheschool_fouryears.,表示时间的介词since,for,1YourFrenchissogood.HowlonghaveyoubeeninFrance?（09常州）_2002.A.UntilB.SinceC.WhenD.Before,B,三.表运动方向的介词,across,through通过，穿过across表示横过,即从物体表面通过与on有关；through穿过,即从物体内部穿过与in有关。中考链接：Becareful!Thetrafficlightisred.Youmustntgo_thestreetnow.（08镇江）A.inB.alongC.onD.across,D,acrossthroughHecanswim_theriversafely.Helooked_thewindowjustnow.Becarefulwhenyou_theroad.=Becarefulwhenyou_theroadTheyhavewalked_theforest.,across,through,cross,walkacross,through,四.表示“在之间”的介词,between,amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间；一般构成：betweenand固定搭配among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。,中考链接1.Guess,howmuchdoesitcost?(09广州)Ithinkitcosts15and20dollars.A.fromB.betweenC.amongD.with2OurEnglishteacherwasstanding_ussothatshecouldhearusallclearly.(08南通)A.awayfromB.farbehindC.betweenD.among,D,B,五.表示其他意义的介词by,with,in,1)by,with,in表示通过方法、手段、工具by以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具with表示用工具，一般接具体的工具和手段；还表示“带着，和”等意思，反义：without.in表示用方式，用语言,语调、颜色等；Heoftengoestoschool_bus.2.Justinopenedthedoor_aknife.Canyousaytheword_English?4Hesaid_alowvoice,“Yourewrong”.,中考链接,1YoucanimproveyourEnglish_readingmore.（08徐州）A.inB.withC.byD.of2YesterdaymorningTomhurriedtoclass_hisschoolbooks,sohehadtoshareMarys.（07南通）A.withoutB.forC.withD:past,C,A,表示其他意义的介词except,besides,2)except,besides除了except除之外，不包括在内；besides除之外，包括在内。中考链接：MrLingavethetextbookstoallthestudents_theoneswhohadalreadytakenthem.(09无锡)A.exceptB.includingC.amongD.with,Conjunction连词,还记得这些连词的意思吗？,并列连词：1并列关系：and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor;2选择关系：or;eitheror3转折关系：but,while,however4因果关系：for,so,从属连词：引导从句1引导时间状语从句：after,before,when,while,as,till,until,since,assoonas.2条件：if,unless3原因：because,as,since4目的：sothat,inorderthat5让步：though,although,evenif.6结果：sothat;suchthat7比较：than,asas8名词从句：that,if,whether,并列连词：eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso的注意点：这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化（就近原则）：1Eitheryouorhe_(be)wrong.2Neitherhenorhischildren_(like)fish.3Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudents_(want)tobuythebook.,中考链接：,1_Tom_MaryspeaksgoodChinese,sotheycancommunicatewiththeseChinesestudentsverywell.09兰州A.Neither,norB.Notonly,butalsoC.Both,andD.Either,or2-Ihear_yourgrandpa_yourgrandmalikewatchingMinOpera.-Right,justasmanyoldpeopledoinFuzhou.（09福州）A.both;andB.either;orC.neither;norD.notonly;butalso,B,A,if和whether的区别：,1都可引导宾语从句时：意为：是否。一般可互换。2if引导条件状语从句时：if意思为“如果”。当主句的时态是一般将来时时，从句用一般现在时。,中考链接,1Ihavethekeytothefrontdoor.MyparentwontwaitformeifI_backlate.（09徐州）A.comeB.willcomeC.amcomingD.havecome2-Excuseme,couldyoutakecareofmylittledogforme?（09镇江）-_.I_itifitdoesntrainaftersupper.A.Sorry;willwalkB.Mypleasure;willwalkC.Imsure;walkD.Imafraidnot;walk,A,B,3PerhapsImgoingtothemarket.Wouldyougetmesomejuice_yourethere?（08南通）A.sinceB.asC.ifD.after4Idontknowifhe_tomorrow.Iwillcallyouifhe_here.Awillcome,comesB.comes,comesCwillcome,willcomeD.come,come,C,A,sothat,sothat,suchthat,sothat意为“以便，为了”sothat:“如此以致”so后接形容词或副词。suchthat”如此以致“such后接名词或名词短语。注：如果名词前有many,much,few,little(少)修饰时只能用so.如：somanypeople.,中考链接,1Curingsickpeopleis_important_doctorsmustbecareful.(09泰州)A.too,toB.so,thatC.enough,toD.such,that2.Itwas_weatherthattheydecidedtogooutfora