高一必修2被动语态详解

Unit21、 被动语态基础篇1. 被动语态的构成： be + 过去分词2. 时态通过助动词be变化体现：时态 be 过去分词done为例例句一般现在时am / is / aredoneEnglish is spoken in many countries.一般过去时was / weredoneSome TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. 一般将来时shall / will + bedoneHe wont be allowed, by his father, to marry Larra. 过去将来时would / should + bedoneThey would be sent to the army when theyFinished the training.现在进行时am / is / are + beingdoneThe project is being carried out.过去进行时was / were + beingdoneThe case was being investigated then.现在完成时have / has + beendoneThis novel has been translated into several languages.过去完成时had+ beendoneThey said that production costs had been reduced.【说明】：以上的八个时态可用于被动式，其它没有列举的时态都不宜用于被动语态的句子中。3. 一般能用主动语态时优先使用主动语态。只在下列情况中才用被动语态：(1)不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者(无须加by短语)Football is played around the world.(2)突出和强调行为或动作的承受着。（这时可用by引导出动作的执行者） History is made by the people. The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people.2、 语态转换的几种类型：类型变化举例主动语态被动语态有一个宾语将宾语变成主语I broke the bottle.The bottle was broken by me.有宾从句从句的主语作被动语态的主语时，可直接把从主变被主，也it作形式主语We know that he was dying.He was known to be dying.It was known that he was dying.整个从句作被动语态主语时，变为被动语态,要用形式主语it.He has knows that many friends will come to see him.It has been known to himthat my friends will come to see him.有双宾语将其中一个宾语变主语He gave me a book.I was given a book by him.A book was given to me by him.有复合宾语S+O+O.C只能将宾语变为主语We made him our monitor.I heard him singing.I heard the song sung.He was made our monitor.He was heard singing.The song was heard sung.有情 动词情动词+ be + 过去分词We must clean the room.The room must be cleaned.短语动词作谓语保留动词原来所带的介词/副词Ill look after the boy.The boy will be looked after.(by me)3、 使用被动语态时需要注意的情况： 1. be+过去分词可以是被动语态形式,也可以是系表结构形式。【区别】： 被动语态强调动作，可以带by短语；系表结构表主语的特点或状态，不带by短语。 The job was well done.(系表结构) The job was well done by a skilled worker.(被动语态) The composition is well written.(系表结构) The composition is written with great care;.(被动语态)【注意】表示状态特征的连系动词 look, sound, feel, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep 加形容词/名词构成系表结构。2. 不能用被动语态的几种情况： There be句型和所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。 表示状态的谓语动词，如：last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of 等。 表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。 表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。 谓语动词是以下时，无被动 ：happen,belongto,suit,fit(适合),have,let,join,fall,last（延长）,cost（花费） breakout（爆发）appear,burstout(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agreewith（同意）1 有些动词或情态动词常用所接的不定式来表示被动意义。【如】:happen, pretend, seem, used to, ought to, appear等。The house used to be painted white. The job has to be done before dark. On the way we happened to be caught in the rain.3、 被动语态相关重要考点：1.主动形式表被动意义 表主语的某种属性特征的动词，如cut、read、act, clean, sell、wear、write、wash、open, cook, shut,dry, eat,drink等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, lock, run, move。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。These novels wont sell well.这些小说不畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door wont lock.门锁不上。The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。 当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off. want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。 在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。2.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着：He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏 ：He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏门后。be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿着：The girl was dressed in a read short skirt.1. 经典例题讲解：1. Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)A.will request B.are requested C.are requesting D.request2. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.（2000年春季高考）A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed3When everyone was _ , the meeting began.A. sitting B. sat C.seated D.seating被动语态专项练习一、选择题（215=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （130=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _ people _ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同义句转换） A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How_ _ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5. You neednt do it now. (改为被动语态) It _ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal _ _