虚拟语气课件.ppt

虚拟语气,表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。,1用于条件从句用于主语从句用于宾语从句用于状语从句用于定语从句用于简单句,虚拟语气的用法,wish,suggest,order,Itis/was+形容词that,If,asif,asthough,用于条件从句,基本用法,Ifplaces_alike,therewouldbelittleneedforgeographers.A.beingB.areC.beD.wereIfwe_(know)thatthebookswereavailable,wewouldhaveboughtthemyesterday.,hadknown,有时可以把含有助动词，情态动词，be或have的虚拟条件句省去，而将had,should,were等词提到主语之前，即倒装。*IfIwereyou,Iwouldgowithhim.=WereIyou,Iwouldgowithhim.*IfIhadknownthenews,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutthat.=HadIknownthenews,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutthat.,倒装用法,Hadheworkedharder,he_thefinalexaminations.A.musthavegotthroughB.wouldhavegotthroughC.wouldgetthroughD.couldgetthrough,_tomorrowmorning,shewouldreachBeijingbythisSunday.A.WouldsheleaveB.ifshewillleaveC.HadsheleftD.Wereshetoleave,主从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。eg.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.IfyouhadpracticedspeakingEnglishmore,youwouldbeabletospeakitfluently.,(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）,Icouldhavecalledyouyesterday,butI_youtelephonenumber.A.didnthaveB.wonthaveC.hadnthaveD.wouldnthavePeter_thedriverstest,buthewasntcalmenoughinthelasttenminutes.A.mighthavepassedB.musthavepassedC.willpassedD.oughttohavepassed,“Itisimportant（strange/natural/necessary/vital/urgent/imperative/natural/essential/desirable/）that(should)+V.原形”，表示某事“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意义。e.g.Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfoftheserules.Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.Itisdecided(hasbeendecided)thatthemeeting(should)bepostponedtilltomorrow.,用于主语从句中,Itisnecessarythathe_(take)agoodrestafterworkingforalongtime.Itwasridiculousthathe_thatwayyesterday.A.behavedB.shouldbehaveC.shallbehaveD.wouldbehave,(should)take,用于宾语从句,IwishI_longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.hadsleptC.mighthavesleptD.havesleptHowhewishedthathe_theconcert!A.wenttoB.hadgonetoC.shouldhavegonetoD.wouldgoto,在表示建议，要求，命令的词“suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire,require”后的宾语从句中：“(should)+动词原形”e.g.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Idemandedthathe(should)answermeimmediately.注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，从句中的动词也是用“(should)+动词原形”,Thedoctorrecommendedthathe_forafewdays.A.restsB.restC.restedD.willrestThedoctorrequiredthateverymemberinhisdepartment_(refer)tohisreport.,(should)refer,Weareinfavorofyourproposalthatthemeeting_.A.shouldbeputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoffHisrecommendationwasthatanexperiencedsalesmanager_tothebranchcompanyinShanghaitotakechargeofthemarketingthere.A.wassentB.sendC.besentD.wouldbesent,用于状语从句,evenif/eventhough主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。e.g.EvenifLinTaowerehere,Ishouldsaythesamething.Eventhoughhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.,3.asif/asthough从句的谓语形式为动词过去式（be用were）或“had+过去分词”eg.HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.,用于其他从句,1.“Itis（about/high)time(that)”,从句动词形式用过去式.Itstimewewenttoschool.Itshightimewedidourhomework.2.wouldrather,wouldsooner(宁愿），wouldjustassoon(宁愿）后，谓语用一般过去时：表示现在或将来虚拟过去完成时：表示过去虚拟,虚拟条件句可以转化的形式。,1.省略连词if在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以省略if，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。e.g.Hadhebeenmorecareful(Ifhehadbeenmorecareful),suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.,2.用介词短语代替条件状语从句without,butfor(要不是）,otherwise,butthat,exceptfor,only,but,ore.g.Withoutair(Iftherewerenoair),therewouldbenolivingthings.与现在事实相反Butforyourhelp(Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp)Icouldnothavedoneit.与过去事实相反,Withoutwaterandair,there_livingthingsontheearth.A.beB.wouldbenoC.weretobeD.wasYou_yourworkaheadoftimewithouttheirhelp.A.haventcompletedB.wouldnthavecompletedC.werentcompletingD.shouldnthavecompleted,2.省略主句（常用以表示愿望）Ifonly“要是就好了”Ifonlyshehadnotleft!Ifonlymygrandmotherwerewithme!Ifonlythewindwouldstop!Ifonlyshe_(know)thatherbehaviorwasnotwelcome,shewouldhavebeenmorecarefulwithhermanners.Ilostthepenyouhadboughtmeformybirthday.IfonlyI_(notlose)it.,hadntlost,hadknown,练习,IfIhadhurried,I_thetrain.A.wouldcatchB.couldcatchC.WouldhavecaughtD.hadcaught2.Withoutyourhelp,I_theexamlastterm.A.wouldhavepassedB.wouldntrainingC.wouldhavefailedD.failedin3._,Johnwouldnothavemissedthetrain.A.IfhehaslistenedtomeB.HadhelistenedtomeC.IthelistenedtomeD.Assoonashelistenedtome,C,C,B,4.IwishI_withyoulastnight.A.couldhavegoneB.hadgoC.wentD.wouldhavegone5.Themanagerinsistedthatthework_withinthegiventime.A.hadB.wouldbefinishedC.wasfinishedD.befinished6.Itisimportantthatsomeonesearchingforajob_alltheprospects.A.considerB.considersC.willbeconsideringD.shouldbeconsidered,A,A,D,7.Itishightimehe_strongactionagainstthem.A.willtakeB.takesC.hastakenD.took8.Iwouldratheryou_anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.doB.didntdoC.dontdoD.didnt,B,D,附加练习：1.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI_thesportsmeet.WouldtakepartinB.hadtakenpartinC.TookpartinD.wouldhavetakenpartin2.Shecouldnthaveansweredthequestionifshe_afewbooksonworldhistory.hadntreadB.haventC.HadbeenD.were3.Thechildrentalkstousasifhe_agrown-up.A.isB.willbeC.hadbeenD.were,D,A,D,4._theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheshyeasily.WereitnotforB.IfithadnotbeenforC.IfitwerenotD.Haditnotbeenfor5.Butfortheparty,he_hunger30yearsago.wouldhavediedB.musthavediedC.nighthaveseenD.hadseen6.Hedidntcomeyesterday,oryou_him.wouldseeB.weretoseeC.mighthaveseenD.hadseen,A,A,C,7.Itsnecessarythateachchild_therules.obeyB.obeysC.willobeyD.mustobey8.Itstimethatyou_homeandIdratheryou_againtomorrow.aregoing,willcomeB.go,arecomingC.went,cameD.wouldgo,wouldcome9.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry_soserious.wouldntbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldnthavebee