《英语教学法》Unit 11 Teaching Reading.ppt

2020/6/9,1,Whatisreading？Twotypesofreadingpractice-readingaloudandsilentreadingTheroleofvocabularyinreadingModelandprinciplesforteachingreadingThreestagesinteachingreading,2020/6/9,2,Reading-makingsenseoftextEncodinganddecoding:Incommunicationsandinformationprocessing,encodingistheprocessbywhichinformationfromasourceisconvertedintosymbolstobecommunicated.Decodingisthereverseprocess,convertingthesecodesymbolsbackintoinformationunderstandablebyareceiver.,2020/6/9,3,2020/6/9,4,Efficientreadingbeginswithalightening-likeautomaticrecognitionofwords.(DayandBamford,1998)Fordevelopingstudentsreadingskills,thefirstobstacleisoftenthevocabulary.Therefore,atthebeginningstage,itisimportantforteacherstorealizethathelpingourstudentstoexpandtheirsightvocabularyisquiteimportant.Inotherwords,onlywhentheyareabletoquicklyrecognizetheEnglishwordsthatcomestotheirsightandmakeaconnectionbetweenthesewordsandtheirmeanings,cantheyhavespaceintheirbraintoprocessmeaningasawhole.Iftheyhavedifficultyprocessingeverynewwordtheirshorttermmemorywillbefullyoccupiedwithalltheindividualwords,thereforeleavingnospaceforthemtoprocessmeaning.,2020/6/9,5,Sightvocabulary-WordsthatyoucanrecognizewithbothsoundsandmeaningswithoutspecialeffortfromyourbrainThebestwaytodevelopvocabularyistoreadagreatdealsincerepetitionofnewwordshelpsinchangingnewlylearnedwordsintosightvocabulary.Butremember,possessingalargesightvocabularyisanecessarybutnotsufficientconditionforeffectivereadingcomprehension.,2020/6/9,6,Someprinciplesforteachingreading(p.184)ModelsforteachingreadingBottom-upTop-downInteractive,2020/6/9,7,Bottom-upmodelInteachingreading,theteacherbasicallyfollowsalinearprocessfromtherecognitionofletterstowords,tophrases,tosentences,toparagraphs,andthentothemeaningofthewholetext.Thiswayofteachingisknowntofollowabottom-upmodel.,2020/6/9,8,Top-downmodelinteachingreading,theteacherteachesthebackgroundknowledgefirstsothatstudentsequippedwithsuchknowledgewillbeabletoguessmeaningfromtheprintedpage.Thisprocessofreadingissaidtofollowthetop-downmodel.JustasGoodman(1970)oncesaidreadingis“apsycholinguisticguessinggame”.,2020/6/9,9,InteractivemodelThecurrenttheoryviewsreadingasaninteractiveprocess.Thatistosay,thebrainreceivesvisualinformationandatthesametime,interpretsorreconstructsthemeaningthewriterhadinmindwhenhewrotethetext.Thisprocessdoesnotonlyinvolvetheprintedpagebutalsothereadersknowledgeofthelanguageingeneral,oftheworld,andofthetexttypes.Duringtheprocessofreading,allthesefactorsinteractwitheachotherandcompensateforeachother.Onesgeneralknowledgeabouttheworldandabouttexttypesareknownasschemas.,Theschematheory:Thebasicprinciplebehindtheschematheoryisthattextsthemselves,whetherspokenorwritten,donotcarrymeaning.Rathertheyprovidesignposts,orcluestobeutilizedbylistenersorreadersinreconstructingtheoriginalmeaningsofspeakersorwriters.Readingcomprehensionisthusaninteractiveprocessbetweenthereaderandthetext.Efficientcomprehensionrequirestheabilitytorelatethetextualmaterialtoonesownknowledge.Comprehendingwords,sentences,andentiretextsinvolvesmorethanjustrelyingononeslinguisticknowledge.Everyactofcomprehensioninvolvesonesknowledgeoftheworldaswell.,2020/6/9,11,Pre-readingactivities-Poolingtogethertheexistingknowledgeaboutthetopic,creatingexpectations(predictingcontents)andarousingstudentsinterestaboutthetopicPredictingPredictingbasedonthetitlePredictingbasedonvocabularyPredictingbasedonT/FquestionsSettingthesceneSkimmingScanning,2020/6/9,12,While-readingactivities-focusingontheprocessofunderstan