九年级英语12单元知识点总结

本单元语法：过去完成时。过去完成时表示在过去某一时间点以前即“过去的过去”已经发生的动作。Mr. Black told me that he had seen the movie three times. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 过去完成时的结构是：肯定由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词”构成 否定式：had not + 过去分词 缩写形式：hadnt 过去完成时的时间状语：表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语。by the timeby the end of We had finished our homework before 10 oclock. 可能通过when, before等引导的从句表示。 When I got there, the train had left. 过去某一时间通过上下文来表示。 Kate hadnt studied hard, so she didnt pass the exam yesterday. 【语法归纳】 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 两者主要区别是时间的参照点不同： 过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的”时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是“现在”。因此现在完成时中的很多规则，也适用于过去完成时。 例句： When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.当我到达电影院时，电影已演了五分钟了。（got是一个过去的“时间点”，电影“开始”在我“到达”之前，是“过去的过去”。因为for five minutes为延续一段的时间状语，应用可延续的系表结构be on的过去完成时形式。） 注：过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它，因此当原句中若找不到一个“过去的时间”作为参照点时，是不能用过去完成时的。 例句：He got to the railway station and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket.他到了火车站后忽然意识到他竟忘记带车票了。（“忘记”这一动作在“意识到”这一动作之前。）1.by the time+时间状语从句（1）时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时时（表示将来），主句用将来完成时；（2）时间状语从句是一般过去式时，主句用过去完成时。by the end of +时间点（1）+过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时；（2）+将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时；by+时间点（1）+现在的时间点，主句用现在完成时；（2）+过去的时间点，主句用过去完成时；（3）+将来的时间点，主句用将来完成时。By the time you came back, I had finished this book. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for Beijing.By the end of last year, I had stayed in Xinzheng for seven years.By now, I have finished all my homework.2.leave 与forget的用法: (1) leave “ 遗留，落下，忘记带”，侧重指把某物或某人留在某个地方，后常跟地点状语；(2)forget “ 忘记”，侧重指忘记某件事情，后常跟to do (忘了要去做)或doing (忘了做过)。 remember to do remember doingleave left left v 离开 (1)leave sth +地点 把某物遗忘在某地 (2)leave for +地点(目的地) 离开去某地 (3) leave a message 留言 ask for leave 请假leave school (中学) 毕业 (4)leave one by oneself=leave sb. alone 把某人单独留下 3.when的特殊用法“这时，突然”，用于四种结构1)be doing sth.when I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.2)be on the point of doing sth.whenShe was on the point of going out when the telephone rang3)be about to do sth.when We were about to start when it began to rain. 4).sb. had hardly/scarcely/barely done sth. when We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. 另：be about to 忙于；即将做某事。侧重于表示动作马上就要发生，常与when引导的从句连用，但不与具体的时间状语连用。 4.be full of = be filled with充满，装满 fillwith.The basket is full of apples. = The basket is filled with apples.5.get/go/come/be back to school=return to school意为“回到学校” 1)get back to 后接表地点的名词，意为“回到某地”; 2)get back to 后面接人,可引申为“回复某人的信件，电子邮件，电话”等 ；3)get back 还可表示“ 回来，返回，拿回，取回”等含义。4)give back=return归还 6.My alarm clock didnt go off! go off 发出响声, (闹钟)闹响 The alarm went off just now. go over 复习 go away 离开 go by (时间)过去 go for a walk 出去散步 go on 继续 go + doing 去做某事go fishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳7.wait in line with 意为“与排队等候”stand in line 站成一排cut in line 插队 8.even if / even though/ though/although 都可以引导让步状语从句。Even if =even though“即使、纵然”引出的从句叙述的是假设或把握很大的事情though“虽然”，引出的从句叙述的是事实。I will try even if I may fail. Though it was very late, he went on working. 注 though 和but 不能同时出现在句中。9.alive, living, live与livelylively1）live“活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。还指“实况转播的”。例如： alivefish一条活鱼。 Doyoulikealiveshoworarecordedshow? 2）living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。例如：.Myfirstteacherisstillliving. Englishisalivinglanguage. Alivinglanguageshouldbelearnedthroughlisteningandspeaking. Heisregardedasoneofthebestlivingwritersatpresent.注意：living前加上the,表示类别，指“活着的人们”。例如： Thelivingmustfinishtheworkofthosedead. living还可用于短语，例如：makealivingby doing谋生。 3）alive意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限(本来会死但没有死)，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。例如： Heisdead,buthisdogisstillalive. Hewantedtokeepthefishalive.This is a fish alive.4）lively则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。例如： Jennyisalivelygirl.Everythingislivelyhere.这儿一切都生机勃勃。 Hehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting. live物定语现场的living人/物定语、表语Make a living/the livingalive人/物后置定语、表语、宾补生与死的界限lively人/物定语、表语、宾补生气勃勃的,无活着的意思。10.The other planes were full so I had to wait till the next day. till 意为“到，直到”，相当于until. 用于肯定句时, 主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到为止”。 She watched TV till her mother came back 用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，也可以是延续性的，它所表示的动作直到till或until所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到（才）”。She didnt watch TV till her mother came back. 11.show up 出席 on show =on display 展览 show off 炫耀 show sb. around 带某人参观show sb. sth=show sth to sb 向某人展示某物12.play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人play jokes on sb.对某人开玩笑 laugh at 嘲笑make fun of 取笑13. Many people ran to their local supermarkets to buy as much spaghetti as they could. as +adj./adv.+ as sb. can / could = as + adj./adv.+ as possible. 尽可能的We must do everything as possible. = We must do everything as well as we can. 14.sell out 卖光 （用物作主语时，常用于被动语态 be sold out）give out 分发=hand out 分发 work out解答出 （人） run out of 用完 （物） run out用完 go out 出去 find out 查明 look out=be careful=take care 当心 take out 拿出 put out 熄灭cut out删除15.find out, look for 与 find(1)find out 强调经过调查、询问、研究等曲折过程后才能找出。如： Please find out when the train leaves. (2)look for 意为“寻找”，强调寻找的过程。(3)find 意为“发现，找到”，强调寻找的结果。16.end up doing sth.（以）结束；I must make good use of my spare time, or I will end up doing nothing.end up as最终成为He started as an employee and ended up as head of the firm.end up sth. 表示“结束某事” The scientist ended up his speech at last.end up with sth. （以）结束The students began with speaking English, but ended up with speaking Chinese.at the end of在末尾 in the end=at last=finally 最后17.marry v嫁娶 (1)A marry B. “A 与B结婚”Bill married Mary on January 1, 1994.(2)A and B get married = A and B are married A和B结婚get married 结婚 Kate and Tom get married last year.(3) marry A to B “ 把A 嫁给B” She married her daughter to a rich man.(4) be/get married to sb 与结婚18.hear短语hear可用作及物动词，表示“听到”、“听见”，侧重于听的结果。如： Im very sorry to hear that.hear后面还可以跟that从句，I hear that youve been here for several years. (2) hear of/about是指间接地“听到”“听说”后接名词性质的词。如： I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他。 hear of与hear about的意义相近它们含有“听人说起”，“从书报上看到关于”等意义 Ive never heard of him. 我从来没有听说过他。 Have you heard about him from anywhere?你从什么地方听到过他吗？ (3) hear from sb.=get/receive a letter from sb. 指“收到的来信”其宾语应是人，而不是信。如： I often hear from my parents.我经常收到父母的来信。19.get/be dressed 穿衣服wear 穿，戴（强调状态）宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。Youd better wear blue or black pants with blown shoes.put on 穿，戴（强调动作）后接衣服、鞋帽等。I want you to put on this coat and this hat.dress 给穿衣服宾语通常是人，意思是“给穿衣服”。dress oneself 或 get dressed表示给自己穿衣服。Its time to wake up and get dressed!in 后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。He was in a new black coat. The girl in red is my sister.20.keep用法1.keep +形容词 2.keep+sth/sb +形容词 3.keep +doing 一直做某事 4.keep/stop/prevent sb. . from doing . 阻止做某事。 5.keep a pet 饲养一个宠物 6.How long may I keep this book ？ keep指借。 二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)（共20小题；共20分）21. I o this morning, because my alarm clock didnt go off.22. Luckily, the people trapped in the b building were helped out.23. He wasnt dead after the traffic accident(交通事故) and still a now.24. Mr. Wang a that we well have a picnic tomorrow.25. What a f I was to believe he is a good man!26. The beautiful scene of that mountain village will probably d for ever because of pollution.27. Her d about the wild animals will change peoples traditional idea about their behaviors.28. After the bell r , all the students rushed out of their classrooms.29. The doctors kept on saving the old man t he woke up.30. Perhaps hell dress himself up as a clown in the c party.31. I have never o , but yesterday my alarm clock didnt go off.32. The child b his fingers while playing with a match yesterday.33. He was still a after he experienced the terrible earthquake.34. Mr. Wang a that we would have a picnic tomorrow.35. Its reported that lots of people were f by the hoax.36. I didnt take photos of the UFO, because the UFO had d before I took out the camera.37. Many new d were made with the help of a compass.38. She often wears a pair of ear r .39. We played from breakfast t lunch.40. A friend once invited me to a c party.三、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)（共20小题；共20分）41. As she is ill, we have to (取消) our trip to the West Lake.42. Lets hope our difficulties will soon (消失).43. She made so many mistakes when she gave a speech that she felt very (尴尬的).44. It is a new (发现) in science.45. The old lady kept the little dog (活着) by feeding it warm milk.46. Tom missed the early bus because he (睡过头).47. The president of America (宣布) that the war in Iraq had stopped.48. She is the public information (官员).49. I (取消) my appointment with a dentist yesterday.50. When spring comes, ice and snow will (消失).51. He couldnt answer the teachers question. He felt (尴尬的).52. Many new (发现)were made with the help of compass.53. We must work hard when we are (活着的).54. I (睡过头) this morning so that I was late for school.55. They (宣布) that they had found the murderer last week.56. What did the (官员) say to your father?57. Im afraid we have to ( 取消) the meeting.58. When spring comes, the snow and ice (消失).59. When they looked at him in surprise, he felt very (尴尬的).60. There is no (发现) in the research for the cause of the earthquake.完形填空 Ten years ago, 26-year-old Cival Mills was just days away from finishing his hospital internship(实习期) in South Africa. He was looking forward to a bright future in 71 . But later, he met a car 72 . When he finally woke up, he discovered that he was unable to move a 73 . He had locked-in syndrome(闭锁综合征)he is completely conscious(神志清醒的), yet unable to move any muscle except his 74 . All I could hear was the sound of the different machines keeping me 75 . And when I fell asleep I had 76 dreams, Dr. Mills said. In the decade years, although Dr. Mills has not completely 77 from the condition, he has made a progress. He first learned to 78 by using his eye movements to type words on a spelling chart. 79 first sentence was, I love you, Mum. After two years of treatment, he regained movement in his left thumb, which he used to finish his first bookThis Too Shall Pass. Now, after many 80 of physical treatment, Dr. Mills can turn his head. Hes recently completed another book. If you lose hope you have lost your chance for a better future, Dr. Mills said.71.A. musicB. artC. medicineD. writing72.A. saleB. accidentC. showD. repair73.A. handB. footC. legD. muscle74.A. mouthB. eyesC. noseD. ears75.A. slowB. aliveC. happyD. strong76.A. goodB. terribleC. amazingD. old77.A. recoveredB. borrowedC. comeD. learned78.A. seeB. communicateC. changeD. lock79.A. HerB. HisC. MyD. Our80.A. daysB. weeksC. monthsD. years六、阅读理解A When Daniel woke up yesterday morning, he found he was a bit late for school, so he started running to catch the bus. Moments later, he saw a dog, but not its lead. He tripped over the lead and fell down. He jumped up quickly, went on running and got on the bus. After a while an old coach broke down in the middle of the road, and the driver couldnt move it. It was eight oclock, the middle of the rush hour, so it soon created a terrible traffic jam. The bus driver tried to go round the coach. Unfortunately a taxi was coming in the opposite direction. The driver tried to stop the taxi, but he couldnt prevent the accidentthe taxi crashed into the front of the bus! Luckily nobody was hurt. When Daniel finally got to school out of breath, the science lesson had been on for five minutes. Daniel said sorry to the teacher and sat at his desk. He reached out for his school bagno, it was nowhere to be found. Where is my school bag? Daniel was puzzled. Suddenly he realized that he had left it on the bus. Bad luck!81. What does the underlined word tripped mean?A. 扔掉B. 拣起C. 绊,绊倒D. 跨越82. What is the order of the accident?A taxi was coming in the opposite direction.The bus driver went round the coach.An old coach broke down.The taxi crashed into the bus.A. B. C. D. 83. What is the best title for this passage?A. An Unlucky DayB. A Happy Day OutC. A Traffic AccidentD. A Strict TeacherC Lets try doing the following experiment. What to Do: Use string to hang a paper clip or other small object at about chest(胸部) level. Pick up a stick, such as a broom handle. Take three or four steps away from the paper clip. Now close one eye and walk toward the paper clip. Try to touch it with the tip of the stick. If you miss, try again, still keeping one eye closed. Now try it with both eyes open and see if its easier to do. How it works: In the experiment, you have to judge how far away the paper clip is. Your brain has several ways of doing this. One simple way depends on how much your eye has to focus(聚焦) itself. Using only one eye, most people will find it difficult to touch the paper clip on the first try, but the brain still gets some information about distancethough not much. Your brain can judge distance much better when you look at something with both eyes. In fact, your brain has more than one way to use both eyes in judging distance. For example, to see anything clearly, you have to make both of your eyes point at the object. When you look at a nearby object, your eyes turn inward. You can feel this happening if you look at the tip of your finger and move your finger toward your nose. Your brain gets information from the eyes about how much they are pointing toward each other. Using that information, the brain can tell how far away any object is, whether it is a basketball or a paper clip.88. How many materials do we need at least to do the experiment?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.89. The passage is mainly about that with eyes our brain can judge .A. how big an object isB. how high an object isC. how far away an object isD. how much information an object is90. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Our brain judges distance in one way when we use both eyes.B. Our brain cannot judge the distance of a small object but a big one.C. How much our eyes focus helps our brain judge the size of an object.D. How much our eyes focus helps our brain judge the distance of an object.91. From the experiment we can infer(推断) .A. with one eye we can see an object as clearly as we use two eyesB. our eyes turn towards the inside when we look at an object very nearC. within 3 or 4 steps, the nearer an object is, the more clearly we can see itD. our brain can hardly get any information about distance when we use one eyeD Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh, and do things with. Surely, there are times when we need to be alone. We dont always want people around. But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend. No two people are the same. Sometimes friends dont get along well. That doesnt mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will make up (和解) and go on being friends. Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very sad. We miss them very much. But we can call them and write to them. It is possible that we will even see them again. And we can make new friends. It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them. Families sometimes name their children after a close friend. Many places are named after men and women who have been friendly to people in a town. Some libraries are named this way. So are some schools. We think of these people when we go to these places. Theres more good news for people who have friends. They live longer than people who dont. Why? It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well. Or it could be just knowing that someone cares. If someone cares about you, you take better care of yourself.92. The first paragraph tells us .A. nobody needs friendsB. we always need friends aroundC. making friends is a need in peoples livesD. we never need to be alone93. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. People are not happy when their friends leave themB. People will never see their friends after their friends move awayC. People can know their friends in different waysD. People like to make new friends if they get to know them94. The passage mainly tells us .A. that people needs friendsB. that people are all friendsC. how to get to know friendsD. how name a placeB. 根据短文内容和所给中文提示,写出空白处各单词的正确形式。The books about Greg Mortenson will be one of your favorites. They will take you on a great adventure to one of the highest mountai