动力锂离子电池现状、安全性及寿命评测

杰1汽,动力锂离子电池现状、安全性及寿命评测,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,2011汽车动力电池国际研讨会,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,hexm,2011年2月23-24日，上海何向明清华大学核研院新型能源与材料化学研究室InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,内容,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,动力电池现状锂离子动力电池的安全性锂离子动力电池的使用寿命InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾清华大学核研院锂离子电池实验室介绍,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,TheGreatWall,Ming,InstituteofNuclearandNewEnergyTechnology,TsinghuaUniversity,Lessthan50minutesdrive45km,TheInstitute,TsinghuaBeijingInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1腾务Tombs,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,Lithiumion腾会车动,杰11汽,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,2,R&D0battery务FuelCellw.to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,燃料电池实验室,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,学术带头人：姜长印、万春荣,会车动,学术骨干（博士）：何向明、蒲薇华、应皆荣、李建军、刘靖ww、电郭建伟、,w力,.g池研,op讨会,ve,研究骨干（硕士）：武玉玲、冯丽娟、张丽春、孙文婷、陈敏,.c,实验室技师：陈克勤、常彩霞、李智敏、康建峰、杨兆卫、史波,锂离子电池实验室,201腾务王莉、任建国、李建刚、高剑et-ent博士生、硕士生：10-15名InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,om,锂离子电池研究概况,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,材料合成，机理诊断，电极/电池工程化，数学模型,p-讨会,en,t.,电池,模型,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,从纳米尺度到微米尺度，再到毫米尺度,性能,电极结构,电池结构,结构材料合成材料修饰表面/界面化学,新工艺新材料安全性长寿命,电极制造电池制备电极模型,高性能锂电池电极模型,1腾务负极正极,w.,to,ev,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,动力锂离子电池的现状InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,目前市场上的混合动力车,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,ToyotaHighlanderLexusRX400h,HondaInsightLexusGS450h,ToyotaCamryHondaCivic,ToyotaPriusHondaAccord,SaturnVue,ChevySilverado,FordEscape,moreandmore,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,混合动力车,ELECTRICACCESSORIES,PETROLEUMONLY76hpgasolineengine,67hpelectricmotor,1.5kWhbatteryInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1腾务w.ADVANCEDENGINE,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,FuelFlexibility,p-讨会,en,插电式混合动力车ELECTRICACCESSORIES,ADVANCEDENGINE,PETROLEUMAND/ORELECTRICITYBATTERYRECHARGE76hpgasolineengine,67hpelectricmotor,9.0kWhbattery(30mi)InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,PercentageofVehicleFleetInUse(%),CumulativeFuelConsumed(gallons),5,10,15,20,25,00,105,15,20,25,30,TimeofDay(hr)InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,030,10050,150,200,250,300,PHEV40,8647totalmilesdriven共行驶8647英里,58mpg&,140Wh/mi,PHEVs:40%reductioninoperatingcosts,$500annualsavings,37mpg,76mpg&211Wh/mi,Assumes$2.41/galand9/kWh,$1.58$1.21,$2.48,$3.45,$0.48$0.72,-,-,5.45.1,6.5,9.1,PHEV20PHEV40,HEV,CV,混合动力车的实际节油效果1会w.40400Conventional35350,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,E-Transportationisthemostsignificanttechnologicalrevolutionafterthecellularandtheinternet.电动交通是移动电话和互联网后的最重要的技术革命。InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,电动车对动力电池的需求在持续增长腾务w.to,20杰1汽1,ev,t.,co,m,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,MWreservepowerplants.兆瓦级储能电站。ev,t.,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,钛酸锂电池移动储能电站,Electrovaya,InternationalBattery,Ultralife,Valance,Saft.BYD磷酸铁锂电池固定储能电站,规模储能是动力电池的又一重要市场腾务Managefluctuationsinelectricitydemand.平抑电网波动。w.toManufacturerstotakeapart:A123,Altairnano,Enerdel,20杰1汽1,en,co,m,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,differentcellmodels.te讨会,120differentcellmodelsno,UltraHighpower超高功率(20C)-19manufacturers,.,Marketgrowof15%CAGR(复合年均增长率)peryeardrivenbytheEVgrowingmarket,Cellcostsaredecreasingby8%peryear(Source:IIT).InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,动力电池的现状杰2011汽Highpower高功率(10C)-84manufacturers,1500op-,腾,务,w.,ve,t.c,m,中日韩在动力电池制造方面占支配腾务车力,地动位,杰1汽,20,w.电池,to研讨,ev会,t.,Far-Eastmanufacturersdominatethemarket,台湾InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1会,ww,ge,p-,en,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,Pouch.m,co,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,动力电池的包装方式,Prismaticcells,较好的传热,安全性好使用寿命长,1,腾,务,w.toevtcellsCylindricalcells,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,功率最高的磷酸铁锂电池,SeealsoInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,讨,腾,务,w.,to,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,BeijingChinaPowerel北京中润恒动电,池有限公司,850 x560 x71,200,500to80%,?,7000,102,21,1028,213,Lionik深圳市龙锂实业有限公司,255x145x55,100,500to80%,-20to60,3600,105,186,1055,1868,单体电池容量最高的高功率动力电池腾务w.CellSizeCapCycleTempWeightWeightVolumetmmAhliferangegrenergyenergypowerdensitydensitydensitydensityWh/KgWh/LW/KgW/L,杰2011汽,t.,杰1汽,20,会车动,功率最高的18650电池,Highcompetitivemarketwithalmost50differentcellmodelsInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,操作温度最高的动力电池,EVneedsbatterieswithupto80ChightemperatureoperatingrangemInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,杰1汽,20,会车动,to研讨,ev会,t.,快速充电动力电池,短问题的最经济的方法。roadchargingstations.,CurrentMarketUltrafastchargingcellUltrafastchargeStationInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,电池p-enco快速充电(upto5min,80%capacity)是解决电动车续驶里程,m,杰1汽,20,车,会,务动力,w.电池,to研讨,ev会,t.,ToshibaSuperChargeLithiumIon,Battery-SCiBLithiumManganeseoxideSpinelcathode-LMOLithiumTitanateOxideanodeLTORechargeto90%offullcapacityinlessthan5minutes.Excellentsafetybecauseofhighlevelanodestability.,6000cyclesoffullD.O.Dto90%ofinitialcapacity.,Lowtemperaturedischargefrom-30C.,SCIBiscurrentlyavailableontheSchwinnTailwindelectricbike.,2.4Voc,65Wh/Kg,131wh/l,650W/Kg,1316W/l,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,VW&Toshiba,1,腾,ww,ge,p-,en,co,m,杰11汽,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,1st,Willdominatetherechargeablemarketforthenearandmid,future.,2nd,GenerationLi-IonChemistries,Betterperformance-Upto300Wh/kgwithfastrecharge.-Wideroperatingtemperaturerange.-FastCharging.Improvedsafety.Reducedcost.锂空气电池？InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,下一代锂离子电池动力电池20,腾,务,w.,to,ev,GenerationLi-IonChemistriest.,co,m,杰11汽,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,动力电池的安全性问题将影响其市场命运,p-讨会,en,co,IfitisnotsafeitwillnotsurviveInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,动力电池的安全性问题20,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,锂离子电池的安全性InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,安全性问题引起的损失,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,Safetycases,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,Safetycases,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,安全性的概念滥用安全性abusethermalrunawayMechanical机械的crush,nailpenetration挤压、针刺,Electrical电的shortcircuit,overcharge短路、过充Thermal热的thermalramp,simulatedfire热箱、火烧,现场安全性fieldfailurethermalrunawayManufacturingdefects由制造瑕疵引起Looseconnection,separatordamage,foreigndebris连接问题、隔膜损坏、粉尘Candevelopintoaninternalshortcircuit随机发生，引起内短路Canleadtooverheatingandthermalrunaway引起过热与热失控InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,滥用安全性,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,现场（随机）安全性,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,两种安全性概念的差异,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,现场安全性,滥用安全性,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,Predictable可预测的Commontoallcells对每一个电池Can/shouldbeevaluatedatthecelllevel可以通过测试进行评估Timeconstantsrelativelylong发生过程较长Canbeaugmentedbyprotectiondevices可以通过保护措施进行改善,Notpredictable不可预测的One-in-a-million(orless)随机小概率发生Difficulttoevaluateatthecelllevel,orthroughQC无法通过测试进行评估，也不能通过质量管理来完全消除canoccurquickly发生很突然PTC,CID,shutdownseparators,electroniccontrolsnotareeffective目前所有的安全性措施，均不能完全消除锂离子电池安全隐患,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,发生安全事故的锂离子电池，之前均通过UL安全认证。,en,发生原因基本上是不可预测的内短路所造成。而这种内短路似乎是不能完全消除。引起安全事故的电池在制造时，均是合格品。目前滥用安全性标准的测试结果，与发或者不发生安全性事故，之间没有任何联系。InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,锂离子电池安全性1腾务w.对于笔记本电脑电池，发生概率在几百万分之一。,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,Majorefforthasbeenpayedtoimprovethewayswe,ww力电,ge池研,addresssafetyinlithium-ionbatteries,however,p-讨会,en,在人们如此重视锂离子电池安全性的今天，严重的安全性问题还时有发生。Thebatterycommunitydoesnothaveadequateteststoevaluatesafetyasitrelatestothesafetyincidentsthathavetakenplaceorcouldtakeplace.人们还没有找到合适的方法来预测和评测这类安全隐患问题我们在做工作，希望“十二五”结束时，这个问题得到一定程度的解决。InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,锂离子电池的安全性腾serioussafetyincidentscanalwaysoccur.t.,务,w.,to,ev,co,m,EnergyReleased(J),热失控的机腾会1车,杰理,务动力,w.电池,to研讨,ev会,t.,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,249.9,378,292.5,73.71,640,0.90,300200100,700600500400,Anode/BinderAnode/SolventSEIDecompn,Cathode,Breakdown,Separator,Oxidn,Cathode,SolventOxdnJouleHeating,Cathode,锂离子电池安全性9008000.8Ah钴酸锂手机电池,20,1汽,ww,ge,826.2p-,en,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,负极材料的安全性改进,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,正极材料,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,Heatrelease,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,SafetyofcathodeMaterials杰会1动,20,腾汽车,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,隔膜,隔膜关闭的温度范围Strengthandphysicalintegrity抗压机械强度Shrinkageallowance热收缩率InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,影响电池安全性的重要指标Shutdownperformance,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,电解质Solvent，non-flamableSalts，highdecompositiontemperature,Additives，Flame-RetardantGelelectrolyteInstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,P(VdF-HFP)凝胶电解质在.moc,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,凝胶电解质凝胶电解质的放热量与放热速率,黄倩，厦门大学博士论文,燃烧过程中的放热总量非常接近于纯液态电解液体系。并且随着P(VdF-HFP)在凝胶电解质中浓度的增加，其相应的热释放速率逐渐降低。采用P(VdF-HFP)凝胶电解质比液态电解液更为安全PMMA凝胶电解质体系中，情况却是相反:其燃烧反应的放热总量和热释放速率都随,PMMA的加入而显著增大。,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,锂离子电池的安全性是一个复杂的系统问题,en,动力电池安全性是一个系统问题。从单纯的电池材料改性（正极、负极、电解质、隔膜）是不能完全解决安全性问题，但可以大幅度地提高。InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,正极材料包覆,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,钴酸锂包覆磷酸铝,5-10nmAlPO4,过充电前,过充电后,自制安全性手机电池,过充电试验未燃烧、未爆炸。,市售品牌电,过充电,池电芯InstituteofNew剧烈燃Technology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,Energy烧,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,高性能高安全性动力电池,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,采用正极材料表面与界面控制技术、电解质添,ge池研,p-讨会,en,加剂等技术，制备出高安全性动力电池。,20V过充,150热箱5小时以上标称容量12Ah，三元氧化物正极材料。电池比能量大于160wh/kg，比功率大于,1200W/kg，InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,安全,很好的倍率性能,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,目前市售三元动力电池的过充电,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,充电到5.2V时，发生剧烈燃烧,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,目前市售三元动力电池,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,充电到4.15V，加热到120，发生剧烈燃烧,p-讨会,en,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,会车动,ww力电,ge池研,p-讨会,en,动力电池的使用寿命与成本如何评测动力电池的使用寿命现场检测电池的寿命状态（SOH）InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,锂离子动力电池的使用寿命务w.,20杰1汽1腾,to,ev,t.,co,m,杰1汽,20,会车动,PHEVbatterylikelytodeep-cycleeachdaydriven:15yrsequatesto4000-5000deepcycles,w力,Alsoneedtoconsidercombinationofhighandlowfrequencycyclingandcalendarwlife电池,to研讨,ev会,t.,电池循环寿命,70%50%4000DatapresentedbyChristianRosenkranz(JohnsonControls)atEVS20,2006InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,ge,p-,en,co,m,杰1汽,会车动,ww力电,52%.poteg池讨EV,-e会,nt,om,InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,$4,005,$2,865,$2,919,$3,002,$1,998,$1,992,$2,004,$2,020,$2,079,$2,407,$2,454,$2,433,$5,117,$8,433,$663,$-,$2,000,$4,000,$6,000,$10,000$8,000,$14,000$12,000,$18,000$16,000,CV,HEV,PHEV20,PHEV40,transmissionengine,25%,电池占电动车成本比例ProjectedRetailPowertrainCosts-MidsizeSedans1)includingmanufactureranddealermarkups2)allcomponentcostsassumeprojectedstatuscharger/plugbattery40%motor/inverter,1,腾,务,w,研ve,2060%$663.c,动力电池的使用寿命,杰1汽,20,会车动,ww力电,电池的成本占整个电动车成本的2560%。是一个,ge池研,p-讨会,非常重要的零部件。,en,车的使用寿命：10-15年,动力电池目前的使用寿命是3-7年，LG化学声称可以有10-15年的寿命保证。因此大幅度地延长动力锂离子电池的使用寿命，使之达到与电动车的寿命相当，是目前动力锂离子电池发展的关键问题。需要动力电池使用寿命评测技术做支撑。InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity,1,腾,务,w.,to,ev,t.,co,m,Ohmic