高考英语阅读理解复习课件终极版.ppt／

阅读理解高考山东省考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明：1.理解语篇主旨大意；2.理解文中具体信息；3.根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；4.作出判断和推理；5.理解文章的基本结构；6.理解作者的观点、意图和态度。,正确答案的特征,.正确答案不能有绝对化语言。.正确答案往往具有合理性，即符合生活常识，（但符合生活常识的不一定是正确答案）.正确答案常常有，等表示不确定的词。,（1）细节题正确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。干扰选项的特点：1.是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2.符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3.与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；4.选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5.在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。,细节理解题的解题方法:细读题干，找出题干关键词从文章中找到题干关键词，正确答案的依据就在题干关键词的后面在三种情况下，正确答案在题干关键词的前面！）题干关键词在段尾）题干关键词是一个例子3)关键词在破折号后,LiumadetheremarksonMarch28,2007atapressconferencetoofficiallylaunchthevolunteerrecruitmentdrivefromHongKong,Macao,Taiwanandforeigncountriesforthe2008Games.1.Recruitmentforoverseasvolunteersbegan_.onMarch28,2007onJanuary19,2007onAugust28,2006onMay26,2007,A,（2）判断、推断题判断推理的题目中常含有infer、imply,conclude,learn,intend词汇等。干扰项的特点：1.将文章中的已知信息作为干扰项；2.将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。,解题方法：1.判断推理要以文中事实为依据;2.不能将文中已经阐明的事实作自己的推断;3.杜绝仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断以及生活常识来判断。,例如：Todate,morethan400,000peoplehavesetinapplications,morethan270,000ofthemfromBeijing.Wecaninferthat_manyChineseapplicantscanspeakEnglishmostapplicantsareBeijingnativesatpresentmostoftheapplicantsarefromBeijingtheapplicantsmustpassthedrivingtest,C,（3）猜测词义题词、短语意思的猜测主要依据它所在段落的内容进行。如果该段落比较短，信息量不足，那么与之相邻的上下两个段落的内容则是猜词义的重要依据。具体方法为：1.猜测名词含义，要注意相关段落中名词的含义。例如:,However,menquicklyfoundmoreconvenientandreliablewaysoftellingthetime.Theylearnedtousetheshadowscastbythesun.Theymarkedthehoursoncandles,usedsandinhour-glasses,andinventedwater-clocks.Indeed,anyseriousstudentofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalaces,statelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast.（2007广东）Whatdoesthe“statelyhomes”referto_?state-ownedhousesB.housesinverygoodconditionC.grandhousesopentothepublicD.houseswherestatesmenmeetregularly,C,例3.HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.(04福建)Accordingtothepassage,ThePinesisa_.A.placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesB.mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleyC.townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkD.restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood,1、根据对比、比较关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。例如，表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等；表示对比关系的句子结构：while引导的并列句；同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：like,similarly,justas,also,aswellas等。,例5.Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”(Paragraph1)probablymean?（02全国）A.apartydesignedbyspecialists.B.aplanrequiringcarefulthought.C.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble.D.ademandmadebyguests.,2.猜测动词或动词短语的含义，要注意相关段落中动词的含义。,Manyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenver,IwasdrivingtomyparentshomeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstationabout50milesfromOklahomaCity,whereIwasplanningtostopandvisitafriend.Itookoff,buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.（2006全国I）Thewords“tookoff”underlinedinParagraph2mean“_”.turnedoffB.movedoffC.putupD.setup,B,WhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormalmentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Iwantedtoknow.Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymeans_A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon,C,4、猜测词性变换新词含义例19.Theotherteams,disappointed,wereonthebusheadinghome.(04山东)head本为名词“头”。由thebus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表“朝方向行进”。,例20.Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全国),3.猜测形容词的含义，要注意相关段落对相关信息的描述。例如：,AsmalltowninsouthwestBritainisbanningplasticbagsinanattempttohelptheenvironmentandcutwasteastepthatenvironmentalistsbelieveisafirstforEurope.ShopkeepersinModburyagreedtostophandingoutdisposableplasticbagstocustomersonSaturday.Theysaidpapersacksandclothcarrierbagswouldbeofferedinstead.（2007福建）Theunderlinedword“disposable”inthepassageprobablymeans_.A.acceptableB.valuableC.throw-awayD.long-lasting,C,Earlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehousesandboats.Oftenstrongwindwouldtearroofsfromhousesorcausehighwavesthatendangeredtravelers.Peoplesfoodsuppliesweresimilarlyvulnerable.Evenaftertheyhadlearnedhowtoplantgrains，theystillneededhelpfromnaturetoensuregoodharvests.72.Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3means_A.impossibletomakesureofB.likelytobeprotectedC.easytodamageD.difficulttofind,C,2、根据后缀猜测词义例16.Itsaquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEnglandsmostsoutherlypoint(05广东)后缀-ise/-ize意思是“使成为；使化”，词根commercial(商业的)，则不难猜出uncommercialized的意思。,（4）猜测句意正确答案的特点：1.与原句含义相同，但表达手法不同；2.是原句意思的高度概括。干扰项也有一些特点：1.干扰项往往是片面的，不能涵盖原句的全部意思；2.干扰项中的某个成分，如时间、地点等与原句存在出入；3.干扰项与原句意思完全不符。,被猜测句子的特点：该句子往往是上文语境的结果或结论。例如：,Wecouldntaffordallthenecessarymedica-tionforhim,andbecauseDadwasunabletowork.Ihadnomoneyforschoolsuppliesandoftencouldntevenbuyfoodfordinner.Iwouldsitinclassfeelingcompletelylost,theteacherswordsmuffledasItriedtofigureouthowIwasgoingtomanage.（2006北京）Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence?A.Kerrelcouldntunderstandherteacher.B.Kerrelhadspecialdifficultyinhearing.C.Kerrelwastootroubledtofocusonthelesson.D.Kerrelwastootiredtoheartheirteacherswords.,C,（5）揣摩作者态度、意图正确答案的特点：1.是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的同义、近义句；2.是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的升华；3.是作者在原文中所表露的态度或意图的概括。,其干扰项的特点为：1.是作者在文章中所批驳的观点；2.是文章里所提到的某个细节，但并非作者的态度或意图；3.是文章中根本未提及的内容。,例如:Irecentlyturnedfifty,whichisyoungforatree,midlifeforanelephant,andancientforasportsman.FiftyisanicenumberforthestatesintheUSorforanationalspeedlimit,butitisnotanumberthatIwaspreparedtohavehungonme.Fiftyissupposedtobemyfathersage,butnowIamstuckwiththisnumberandeverythingitmeans.TheauthorseemstotellusinParagraph1that_.（2007天津）timealonewilltellB.timegoesbyquicklyC.timewillshowwhatisrightD.timemakesoneforgetthepast,B,（6）确定最佳标题依据短文的主题句确定短文的最佳标题。确定最佳标题的三个原则：1.对文章内容能高度全面概括；2.用词精炼；3.在上述两个特点都具备的前提下，标题还应做到能吸引读者注意力。,SportsshoesthatworkoutwhethertheirownerhasenoughexercisetowarranttimeinfrontofthetelevisionhavebeendevisedintheUK.TheshoesnamedSquareEyescontainanelectronicpressuresensorandatinycomputerchiptorecordhowmanystepsthewearerhastakeninaday.Awirelesstransmitterpassestheinformationtoareceiverconnectedtoatelevision,andthisdecideshowmucheveningviewingtimethewearerdeserves,basedonthedaysefforts75Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?ASmartShoesDecideonTelevisionTimeBSmartShoesGuaranteeMoreExerciseCSmartShoesMeasureTimeofExerciseDSmartShoesStopChildhoodOverweight,A,Itisoftennecessarytoreleaseafish,thatis,setitfreeaftercatching,becauseitistoosmall,oryoujustdontwanttotakeithometoeat.Insomecases,releasingfishisagoodmeasurethatwillhelpkeepfishvarietyandbuildtheirpopulationsize.TheDepartmentofGameandInlandFisheries(DGIF)encouragesfishermenwhopracticecatch-and-releasefishingtouseafewsimpleskillswhendoingso.Theadviceprovidedbelowwillhelpmakesurethatthefishyoureleasewillsurvive(存活)tobiteagainanotherday67.Whatisthepurposeorthetext?A.Toshowhowtoenjoyfishing.B.Topersuadepeopletofishlessoften.C.Toencouragepeopletosetfishfree.D.Togiveadviceonhowtoreleasefish.,D,Mostpeoplethinkofracingwhentheyseegreyhoundsandbelievetheyneedlotsofexercise.Theycanactuallybequitelazy!Geryhoundaregoodatfastracesbutnotlong-distancesrunning.Theydoneedregularexercisebuttheyliketorunforashotburstandthengetbackonbedoracomfortableseat.Anothermisunderstandingisthatgreyhoundsmustbeagreessivebecausetheyarebiginsize.InfactgreyhoundslovepeopleandaregentlewithchildrenThetextiswrittenmainly_.A.totellpeoplehowtoraisegreyhoundsB.toletpeopleknowmoreaboutgreyhoundsC.ToexplainwhygreyhoundsareaggressiveD.Todescribegreyhoundsofdifferentcolors,B,Asskiesfilledwithmillionsofmigratingbirds,Europeanscientistsaytheseasonalwonderappearstobestrange:Thefatterthebird,thebetteritflies.Theresultoftheirstudyledtoatheoryoppositetoacentraloneofaerodynamics(空气动力学）,whichsaysthepowerneededtoflyincreaseswithweight.Thebesttitleforthepassagemayprobablybe_.A.Bi