2011-2018高考英语语法填空真题全国卷完整版.doc

历年高考语法填空真题历年高考语法填空真题 1. (2018 全国卷 I)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long 62(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 _ (die) early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it 64(be) more effective at lengthening life 65walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70a try. 2. (2018 全国卷 II)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Diets have changed in china-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61_ (grow) more corn than rice。 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 63 _(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64_(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _65_ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥)runoff. This switch has decreased 66_ (pollute)in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67_(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government68_(start) a soil-testing program 69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 70 _ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the banks Juergen Voegele. 3. (2018全国卷III)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Im not sure61is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at62top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the63(loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid64(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel65 (challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a66(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching67these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find68(they) alive. True to gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal69(mean) no real harm. He was just saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70(stay) and watch. 4. （2017 全国）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side62(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required63(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As65result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even66(bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food67(be) full of fat and salt; by68(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be69(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,70is not good for the health. 5.（2017 全国）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _63_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over_64_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day. Later, engineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _70_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 6.（2017 全国）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 _(rest). Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 62 _ model in New Y ork. Sarah63 _ (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter 44,wants her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah,64 _ has taken part in shows along with top models wants65_ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66_ (educate). She has turned down several67_ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68_ engineering or architecture. Sarah says, My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 _ (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 _ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model my more. 7. （2016 全国）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正 确形式。 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_61_(attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_62_ （allow） to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe _63_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter_66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few _69_( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, _70_ other is with mum-she never suspects. 8.（2016 全国卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正 确形式。 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify （识别） those of61_ _ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of62_ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow63_(be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused64our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So get an early start and try to be as productive65_possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent66(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 _(regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for68while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely69_ (bring) your work home. It could be anything, gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is, 70_(make )sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 9.（2016 全国卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正 确形式。 In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea,41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal43_(create)special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 _ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time,45the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which46(gradual)turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,47_-lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the48_(develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and49_ (be) too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50_their hands. 10.（2015 全国）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正 确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。 Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I_61_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours_62_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with_63_ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and darkwatersoftheLiRiver_64_arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese _65_(painting). Instead, Id headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly toGuilin, its only an hour away_66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo_67_(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_68_(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie 67_ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle68_ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As69_ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly70_ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 12.（2014 全国卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3 个单词）或括号内 单词的正确形式。 Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland,Ohio. It _61_（be） unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit _62_(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, ears later, this river is one of _63_most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_even a few months. It took years of work_65_(reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is_66_(clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit _67_is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation ,dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are _68_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the_69_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be70 _ (patience) 13.（2014 全国）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3 个单词）或括号内单 词的正确形式。 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _41_ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _42_ some of them looked very anxious and _43_(disappoint) . when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _44_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _45_ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _46_(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept _47_(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“_48_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It s _49_ (I )”. She pushed h er way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers50 _(sudden) became friendly to one another. 高考高考赠送以下赠送以下 资料资料 考试知识考试知识 点技巧大点技巧大 全全 一、一、考考试试中中途途 应应 饮饮 葡葡 萄萄 糖糖 水水 大脑是记忆的场 所， 脑中有数亿个 神经细胞在不停 地进行着繁重的 活动,大脑细胞活 动需要大量能量。 科学研究证实 ,虽 然大脑的重量只 占 人 体 重 量 的 2%-3%,但大脑消 耗的能量却占食 物所产生的总能 量的 20%,它的能 量来源靠葡萄糖 氧化过程产生。 据医学文献记载 , 一个健康的青少 年学生 30 分钟用 脑 , 血 糖 浓 度 在 120毫克/100毫升, 大脑反应快 ,记忆 力强；90 分钟用 脑， 血糖浓度降至 80毫克/100毫升， 大脑功能尚正常； 连续 120 分钟用 脑， 血糖浓度降至 60毫克/100毫升， 大脑反应迟钝， 思 维能力较差。 我们中考、 高考每 一科考试时间都 在2小时或2小时 以上且用脑强度 大， 这样可引起低 血糖并造成大脑 疲劳， 从而影响大 脑的正常发挥， 对 考试成绩产生重 大影响。 因此建议 考生，在用脑 60 分钟时， 开始补饮 25%浓度的葡萄 糖水 100 毫升左 右， 为一个高效果 的考试 加油 。 二、二、 考场记忆考