名词性从句 (5)ppt课件

名词性从句,Grammar,NounClause,吕雪华2018.3.27,1,CanyoudistinguishTHAT-CLAUSEinthetwosentences?,1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.,2,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,一，名词性从句的基本用法,3,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,表语,4,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,同位语,宾语,5,1._thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.2.Iwonder_youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.3.Thisis_hewasoftenlateforschool.4.Weallknowthetruth_theearth_(move)aroundthesun.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Practice,That,whether,why,that,moves,6,1Thathewillsucceediscertain.2Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3Whathesaidisnottrue.4Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5Whoevercomesiswelcome.6Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.7Whentheyllstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet.,SubjectClause,主语从句,7,Thatwewillsucceediscertain.=Itiscertainthatwewillsucceed,8,whowillgiveusatalkisunknownatall.Itisnotknownwhowillgiveusatalk.,9,宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）,Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.,Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses,2.宾语从句,that,whether，if（that常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow,连词,10,Italldependsonwhetheryouhaveenoughexperience.,11,Ihavemadeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmkehere,12,当whether后紧跟or/ornot时,不用if.IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,注意,1.Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,13,IdontknowwhetherornotIwillstay,14,IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,15,在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略.Hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.,2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,16,a.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_.,hisdreamwillcometruesomeday,whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday,宾语从句的时态呼应,.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.,3,17,他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。Hetoldme_.他说他已离开家乡十年了。Hetoldme_.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。Theteachertoldus_.,hewaspreparingfortheexamination,hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears,lighttravelsinastraightline.,如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。,18,Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.Thatsbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.ThatswhyIwaslate.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。,表语从句,19,ThereasonwhywemissedwasthatIwaslatefortheappointment.,20,1.Thereason_wedidnttrusthimwas_heoftenlied2.Thereason_hegaveforhisabsentwas_hewasill.,reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。,在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,why,that,that,that,注意点,21,1.Thereason_wedidnttrusthimwas_heoftenlied2.Thereason_hegaveforhisabsentwas_hewasill.,reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。,在名词性从句中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：,why,that,that,that,22,同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether,1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect(视察)them.,3)SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.,同位语从句,23,SydneymadeapromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.,24,SydneymadeapromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.,25,一、名词性从句的语序,（1）名词性从句构成有两种,a.That+陈述句,Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.,Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.,名词性从句考点归纳,b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分,26,(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。,Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,F,T,T,F,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?(),27,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,（1）that和what的选用,that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,28,that/what,1._hewantsisabook.2._hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultis_wewonthegame.4.Thisis_wewanttoknow.5.Is_hetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubt_hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_hedidthatafternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,29,a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.gwhetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.,（2）if和whether的选用,不能使用if的情况：,30,1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.4.Idontknow_heiswellornot.5.Idontknow_ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idontknow_togo.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,if/whether,31,（3）其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,32,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。Idontknow_broketheglassyesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。Ihavenoidea_helookslike.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。Thisis_Ileftmyglasses.,When,who,what,where,33,that可省略的情况：,that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略,（4）引导词that的省略,单个宾语从句中的that可省略,34,1.Idontthink_sheiscoming.2.Itisapity_hehasmadesuchamistake.3.Thereasonis_heiscareless.4.Thenews_ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.5.Idontthinkitnecessary_youshouldreadEnglishaloud.6.Hetoldme_hisfatherhaddiedand_hehadtomakealivingalone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,that/(that),35,1.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用,（5）同位语从句的引导和辨别,n.+连接词+从句,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等,whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。,fact、idea,news,36,1.Ihavenoidea_hecomesfrom.2.Hecantanswerthequestion_hegotthemoney.3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4.Ihavenodoubt_hewillwin.5.Ihavesomedoubt_hewillwin.,where,how,that,that,whether,that/whether/where/how,37,1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。,2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.,（6）同位语从句和定语从句的区别,38,1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.,1.Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.2.Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.,AT,AP,AP,AT,AttributiveorAppositive,39,HegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.,名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为should+do,should可省略,注意点：,40,二，名词性从句五大常考考点,考点一：区别that,what与which考点二：区别whether与if考点三：it与名词性从句考点四：区别what,whatever,与nomatterwhat.考点五：名词性从句的语序,41,考点1：A:连接词that与what的区别,Whathesaidmakesmehappy.Thatanewteacherwillcomeistrue.,that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。what既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语(且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）,42,_madehimfailis_hewaslazy.2.Chinaisnolonger_itusedtobe.3.Iworkin_iscalledtheHometownofNvwa.4.Weexpressthehope_theywillcometovisitChinaagain.5.Weallhope_wewillbeadmittedtouniversitynextyear,and_allofourteacherswillbehealthyandhappyforever.,What,that,what,what,that,that,that/-,43,B:what(什么)/which(表选择,哪一个),1.-Doyouknow_MrBlacksaddressis?-HemayliveatNo.8orNo.9ofBridgeStreet.Iamnotsureof_.2.IreadaboutitinsomebookorInternet.Doesitmatter_itwas?,what,which,which,44,C:that引导不同的从句,Doyouknowthefactthathewonthefirstprize?,Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout?,(同从),(定从),定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容,45,考点2.区别if与whether,1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Idontknow_ornotheisfreenow.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthreading.4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._theycanmasterthegrammarmattersalottotheirhomework.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,46,请你归纳,a主语从句b表语从句c同位语从句d.介词后的宾语从句e.whetherornot直接连用时不用if,只能使用whether的情况：,请你归纳,47,_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.2.Theargument_wellhaveasportsmeetingremainstobesettled.3.Imthinkingabout_theywillsupportus.4.Wedidntknow_ornotshewasready.,Whether,whether,whether,whether,Haveatry!,48,1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_isapity.2.真奇怪他今天没有来上学。_isstrange.,Itisstrangethat,Thathemadesuchamistake,Itisapitythat,考点3：it与名词性从句,A:it作形式主语,Thathewasabsentfromschool,49,用it作形式主语的结构,(1)Itis名词从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识(2)Itis形容词从句Itisnaturalthat很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是(3)Itis过去分词从句Itisreportedthat据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证实Itissaidthat据说(4)It不及物动词从句Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧Itappearsthat似乎,50,Itiswidelyaccepted_theearthgoesaroundthesun.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for,that,=Thattheearthsgoesaroundthesuniswidelyaccepted.,51,it指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it+if或when从句,B:it作形式宾语,make/find/feel/consider/thinkit+adj/n+that,IhavemadeitmyhabitthatIgetupbefore6:30everyday.,Iwouldappreciateitifyouwouldturnthemusicdown.,52,1.Ihavetomakeclearthathetoldalie.Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one3.他认为从现在开始努力学习赶上他人是有可能的.Hethinksitpossible_,C,thatheworkshardtocatchupwithothers.,it,53,_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，_等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。,请你归纳,whoever,whatever,Who,what,考点4.what,whatever,who,whoever,Whowilltakethepositionisntdecided.,54,1._wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2._weneedismoretime.3._hastakenawaymybagisunknown.4._breaksthelawwillbepunished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,Anythingthat,Anyonewho,55,Nomatterwhodestroystheforestwillbepunished.,（）,nomatter只能引导状语从句，ever既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句.,nomatterwho/what与whoever/whatever,Whoeverdestroystheforestwillbepunished.（）,56,考点5语序问题,1.Theteachersuggestedthatweshouldpayenoughattentiontoreadingandwritng.2.Couldyoutellmewhereyouthinktheaccidenthappened?3.Whetheryouarehappydependsonyourattitude.,关联词在从句之首，如有插入语，其紧跟在关联词后，其他一定用陈述语序,_,57,1.Ithinkitnecessary_wehavethemeeting2._Ilikebestisyourhandwrting.3._Ilikethebookbestisknowntoeveryone.4.Iwanttoknow_majorshewillchoosebetweenEnglishandChinese.5._hefeltpuzzledwas_thisproblemwashardforhimtodealwith.6.Heisfrom_ChairmanMaowasborn-Hunan.,.请填写适当的引导词。,that,What,which,Why,where,that,That,先判断是什么从句2.若是名词性从句，“缺什么填什么”(指从句句型结构与连词之间的关系),58,1.Ithinkitnecessary_wehavethemeeting2._Ilikebestisyourhandwrting.3._Ilikethebookbestisknowntoeveryone.4.Iwanttoknow_majorshewillchoosebetweenEnglishandChinese.5._hefeltpuzzledwas_thisproblemwashardforhimtodealwith.6.Heisfrom_ChairmanMaowasborn-Hunan.,.请填写适当的引导词。,that,What,which,Why,where,that,That,三Homework,59,划出从句并判断从句类型。1.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.2.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreally