模块1 句子成分和定语从句

句子成分ComponentsofaSentence,英语的基本成分有七种：_和_,主语（subject）、,谓语（predicate）、,表语（predicative）、,宾语（object）、,定语（attribute）、,状语(adverbial),补语（complement）。,Componentsofasentence,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。,一：（主谓）二：（主系表）三：（主谓宾）四：（主谓间宾直宾）五：（主谓宾宾补）,Basicsentencepatterns/structures,基本句型一：（主谓）,1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly,Vi（不及物动词）,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,（是系动词）（表语）,1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellinlove.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.6.Ourwellhasgonedry.7.Hisfaceturnedred.,基本句型二：（主系表）,系动词分两类：be,look,keep,seem等，表情况；get,grow,become,turn等属另一类，表变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。,感官动词多可用作连系动词：lookwell/面色好,soundnice/听起来不错,feelgood/感觉好，smellbad/难闻,基本句型三：（主谓宾）,1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.3.Heenjoysreading.4.HesaidGoodmorning.5.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.,（及物）（多指人）（多指物）,Sheorderedherselfanewdress.2.Hebroughtyouadictionary.3.Ishowedhimmypictures.,基本句型四：（主谓间宾直宾）,有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，eg：give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。,Givemeacupofteaplease.ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.Bringittome,please.,（及物）（多指人）（多指物）,Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.2.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.,Thewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Ioftenfindhimatwork.Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.,名词/代词宾格+n./adj./介词短语/动词不定式/分词,基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）,宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。,a，b，c，d，e，,1，Pleastellusastory._2,Shesmiled._3.Ihavealotworktodo._4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._5.Henoticedamanentertheroom._6.Pleaselookatthepicture._,d,a,e,b,e,c,但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（adj./adv./num.数词）短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.,一、定语：,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，译为的,定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。复合不定代词（something/nothing）之后；不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰的成分后；副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。,Twoboysneedtwopens.HisnameisTom.TheboyinblueisTom.Theboythereneedsapen.Theboyneedsaballpen.Thereisnothingtodotoday.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.TheboyyouwillknowisTom.,二、状语：,状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等,-Theboyneedsapennow.-Theboyneedsapenverymuch.,可用作状语的有副词,不定式，分词，介词短语，从句等。,一)挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.,(二)挑出下列句中的表语-Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.-Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.-SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.,(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!,(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.,(五)挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.,Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.,Practice,Howtomodifyanoun,1.anenjoyableexperience2.therulesoftheschool3.thecakethatImade,anadjective,aprepositionalphrase,anattributiveclause,翻译方法：的,Tryingtofindout,Readthefollowingsentencesfromthetext.Trytofindoutwhattheymeanandwhatsspecialabouttheirstructure.1.IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana.2.MissBurkewastheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishLiterature.3.AllmyclassmatesenjoyedthecakethatImade.,Introduceattributiveclauses,TheyallenjoyedthecakethatImade.Anattributiveclause:theclausethatmodifiesanounorapronoun(tellswhichpersonorthingthespeakermeans)Anantecedent:thenoun/pronounanattributiveclausemodifiesArelativepronoun:thepronounthatjoinstheantecedentandtheattributiveclause(定语从句,先行词,关系代词),（）,Readandfindout,ReadthearticleonP9.Underlinetheattributiveclausesyoufindinthearticle.1.In2004,hewenttoOxfordUniversitywherehebecomeinterestedinChineseculture.2.SomeofthecitiesinChinawhichlikesmostareBeijing,ShanghaiandNanjing.3.Mostofthestudentsthathetaughthavebecomehisfriend.4.SomeofthebooksweregiftsthathegotfromhisChinesefriends.5.ThepaintingsthatDaviddonatedtotheschoolarebeingdisplayed.,Whenwetalkaboutpeople,Weusewho/thatinanattributiveclauseinsteadofhe/she/theyandwho/whom/thatinsteadofhim/her/them,Themanhelivesnextdoorisfriendly.,Themanwho/thatlivesnextdoorisfriendly.,IdontknowthenameoftheteacherIsawhiminthesciencelab.,Idontknowthenameoftheteacherwhom/who/thatIsawinthelab.,Whenwetalkaboutthings,Weusethatorwhichinanattributiveclauseinsteadofit/they/them,Thecupstheywerebroken-hurthisfeet.,Thecupsthat/whichwerebrokenhurthisfeet.,ThebookIborroweditfromthelibraryisveryfun.,Thebookthat/whichIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryfun.,Thescientistwemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhointheworld.whomthat,(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.,Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.which,(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.,(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.,(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.,HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwith.whowhom,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,?,1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_werememberedatschool.4.Itistheonlybook_Iaminterestedin.5.Thisisthefirstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Itisthefinestmovie_Ihaveeverseen.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.,that,whichorwho?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,当先行词是不定代词时,如:all,few,little,much,something,anything,everything,等,只能用that做关系代词的情况,当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,all,every,much,little,few,no,any等修饰时,只能用that做关系代词的情况,当人和物合做先行词时,只能用that做关系代词的情况,当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,只能用that做关系代词的情况,在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中,只能用that做关系代词的情况,先行词是由数词而形成的代词Infacetherearefourofthem.Thetwothatyoucouldseenowsurvivedthefire.在双重从句中,其一已经用了which,另一个用thatHebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.先行词是主句表语,或关系词本身是从句表语Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatit(whatit)usedtobe.,在介词后面,只能用which做关系代词的情况,Literatureisasubjectabout_Iknowlittleabout.,which,指人who/that,Heisnolongertheman_heusedtobe.,当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常用that而不用who：,Anyone_wantsaticketpleasesignyournamehere.Those_wanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7:30p.m.He_doesntreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.,who,who,who,当先行词是anyone,those,he,she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that,Whose(meanpossession),Weusewhoseinanattributiveclauseinsteadofhis/her/its/theirThegirlherhairisred-issinging.,Thegirlwhosehairisredissinging.,Thebookwhosecoverisblueismine.,Thebookitscoverisblue-ismine.,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,难用的whose,Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.,Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.,Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.,whose=thehouseswindow,Thehouseismine.,thewindowofwhichisbroken,ofwhichthewindowisbroken,who/that,which/that,whom/who/that,which/that,whose,whose/ofwhich,Arelativepronouncanbeomittedwhenitisusedastheobjectinattributiveclause.,1.Thegirl_isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_ourteacheristalkingwithisherdaughter.3.Thegirl_motherisfromBritaincanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Icantfindthebook_isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Icantfindthebook_youlenttome.6.Haveyoureadthebook_authorisahighschoolstudent?7.Iusedtostudyinaclassroom_windowswereallbroken.,who/that,(whom/who/that),whose,which/that,(that/which),whose,whose,Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronouns.,Practice,Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronouns.8.Harrypotterisaboy_hasagreatgiftformagic.9.Theschool_youcanseeontheleftisoneoftheoldestbuildingsinthiscity.10.Theman_legbrokeinthematchusedtobeafootballplayer.11.Idlikearoom_windowlooksouttothesea.12.Idlikearoom_thewindowlooksouttothesea.,who/that,(that/which),whose,whose,ofwhich,填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.,that/which/不填,that/inwhich/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,考点：theway用做先行词,3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.（04湖北）A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich,高考题链接：,1.Tomistheboy.Hesitsinfrontofme.,Tomistheboywhositsinfrontofme.,2.Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.,Thisistheboy(whom)Isitbehind.,3.Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.,Doyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?,4.Imethiminthestreet.Hisglasseswereverybeautiful.,Imethimwhoseglasseswereverybeautifulinthestreet.,1)LiyangHighSchoolisaschool.2)Iamstudyingintheschool.,1.LiyangHighSchoolistheschool_Iamstudyingin.2.LiyangHighSchoolistheschool_Iamstudying.3.LiyangHighSchoolistheschool_Iamstudying.,that/which,inwhich,where,先行词是指地点的词，,Relativeadverb1:where,在从句中做地点状语,1)Iwillneverforgettheday.2)IcametoLiyangHighSchoolonthatday.,Iwillneverforgettheday_IcametoLiyangHighSchoolon.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_IcametoLiyangHighSchool.3.Iwillneverforgettheday_IcametoLiyangHighSchool.,that/which,onwhich,when,Relativeadverb2:when,先行词是指时间的词，,在从句中做时间状语,1)Couldyoutellmethereason?2)Youarelateforthereason.,1.Couldyoutellmethereason_youarelatefor?2.Couldyoutellmethereason_youarelate?3.Couldyoutellmethereason_youarelate?,that/which,forwhich,why,Relativeadverb3:why,先行词是指原因的词，,在从句中做原因状语,关系副词和先行词的关系,IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.,ontheday=when,inthehouse=where,forthereasons=why,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Fillintheblankswith“relativeadverbs”1)October1,1949wastheday_(_)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace_(_)greatchangeshavetakenplace.3)Isthisthereason_(_)hedidntwanttoseeme?4).Thedaysaregone_(_)weused“foreignoil”.,when,onwhich,where,inwhich,why,forwhich,when,duringwhich,1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when/inwhich,which,where/inwhich,which,why/forwhich,that/which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,1.Doyourememberthefactory?Weusedtoworkinit.,Doyourememberthefactory?Weusedtoworkinit.,2.Istillrememberthedays.Wespentthedaystogetherlastyear.,3.Icantbelievethereason.Hegavethereasonforbeinglate.,Istillrememberthedays.Westayedtogetherinthedays.,Icantbelievethereason.Hewaslateforthereason.,Doyourememberthefactory(which)weusedtoworkin?.,Doyourememberthefactoryinwhich/whereweusedtowork?.,Istillrememberthedays(which)wespenttogetherlastyear.,Istillrememberthedaysinwhich/whenwestayedtogether.,Icantbelievethereason(which)hegaveforbeinglate.,Icantbelievethereasonforwhich/whyhewaslate.,Theman_talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom2.Thedoctor_isleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.thenurseistalkingtoC.whomthenurseistalkingD.whothenurseistalking3.Hereisthebicycle_intheshop.A.thatyousawitB.thatsawitC.yousawD.youawit4.I_yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.thatisC.whoamD.whoare5.Shelivesinahouse_windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.who,A,B,C,C,A,6.Thisisthestudent_fatherisapilot.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.that7.Those_notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn8.Anyone_thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst9.Ihavereadallthemagazines_yougaveme.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose10.Thescientisttoldusitwasthesmallestlivingthing_couldbeseenunderamicroscope.A.thatB.whichC./D.who,C,D,C,B,A,11.Isthisthefactory_youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone12.Isthisfactory_youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone13.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone,A,D,B,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,介词+关系代词的情况,Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.,to,in,Arethesetwosentencesright?,可见,who、that不能用于介词之后。介词后面的先行词，指物只能用which,指人只能用whom.,介词+关系代词中的介词从何而来,Thisistheroom_Luxuneverlived.Istillremembertheday_Ijoinedthearmy.Istillrememberthedays_Ijoinedthearmy.,inwhich,intheroom,onwhich,ontheday,inwhich,duringwhich,in/duringthedays,与先行词的习惯搭配,Theman_youjusttalkedismyfather.Heistheman_Ithinkyoucandepend.Hereferredmetosomebooks_Iamnotveryfamiliar.,介词+关系代词中的介词从何而来,towhom,onwhom,withwhich,动词或形容词与介词的搭配,talkto,dependon,befamiliarwith,Hemadeaholeinthewall,_hecouldseewhatwasgoingonoutsidethehouse.Water,_mancannotlive,isreallyimportanttothepeasantsinthisarea.,介词+关系代词中的介词从何而来,throughwhich,withoutwhich,定语从句句意,Icannotremembertheage_whichhewontheprize.Thisistheage_whichpeopleliveinpeaceandhappiness.,at,in,介词+关系代词中的介词从何而来,1.Doyoulikethebook_shepaid$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_shelearnedalot?3.Hebuilta