2017年湖南株洲英语中考试题及解析

20172017 年株洲市初中毕业学业考试年株洲市初中毕业学业考试 英语试题英语试题 第二部分第二部分知识运用知识运用 （共两节，计（共两节，计 3030 分）分） 第一节第一节语法填空（共语法填空（共 1010 个小题，每小题个小题，每小题 1 1 分，满分分，满分 1010 分）分） 从 A、B、C 三个选项中选择正确的答案填空。 21. Webuild our country into a country of peace, a country of wealth,a country of opening up. A. mightB. shouldC. could 21. B 【解析】考查情态动词的辨析。句意：我们 _把我们的国家建设成和平、富强、 开放的国家。might 可能；should 应该；could 能，可能。根据句意可知此处应是“应该”，故 选 B。 22. You can keep one of the old photos.of them. A. NeitherB. BothC. Either 22. C 【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意：你可以保存其中一张老照片。_它们。 neither 两者都不；both 两者都；either 两者中的任意一个。根据前句“你可以保存其中任意 一张老照片。”所以 A、B 不符合题意。故选 C。 23. He knew his subjectA to Z. A. fromB. atC. on 23. A 【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：他非常了解他的话题。 known sth from A to Z为固定 搭配，表示“非常了解某事物”。故选 A。 24. Xiao Fang introduced herself to the new students in English inlesson. A. the firstB. firstC. one 24. A 【解析】考查数词的用法。句意：小芳在第一节课上向用英语新同学做自我介绍。从 前半句“小芳向新同学做自我介绍”，可推知是在第一节课上。故用序数词， 序数词前要加定 冠词 the。故选 A。 25. Be quiet! A birdsomething on the window. A. ateB. eatsC. is eating 25C 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：安静! 有一只小鸟正在窗户上吃东西。ate 为动词 eat 的过去式形式， 一般过去时态； eats 为第三人称单数形式， 一般现在时； is eating 正在吃， 现在进行时；Be quiet！是现在进行时态的标志。故选C。 26. I ordered a hamburger and salad.hamburger was nice but the salad was not delicious. A. AnB. TheC. A 26. B 【解析】考查冠词的用法 句意：我订了一个汉堡和沙拉套餐。汉堡很好吃，但是沙 拉不好吃。文中第二次出现是特指，用定冠词the。故选 B。 1 27. The mancalled yesterday wants to buy the house. A. whoB. whatC. which 27. A 【解析】考查定语从句中的关系代词。句意：昨天打电话的那个人想买房子。分析句 子结构知，本定语从句的先行词是the man 指人，应用关系代词who 引导。故选 A。 28. Thomas is theplayer in the basketball team but he is the best. A. shorterB. shortC. shortest 28. C 【解析】考查形容词比较等级。句意：托马斯是球队中，但是最好的。shorter 比较矮的；short 矮的；shortest 最矮的。根据in the basketball team比较范围的确定，可知中 心词 player 前使用形容词最高级。故选C。 29. The singerwhile still at school. A. has discoveredB. was discoveredC. discovered 29. B 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：那个歌手在上学时就已经被发掘出来了。discover 为 及物动词，singer 与 discover 之间是被动关系，时态应用一般过去时。故选B。 30.the light, please. This is a room with enough natural light. A. Turn offB. Turn onC. Turn down 30. A 【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：请_灯。这个房间里有充足的自然光。turn off 关掉，关闭；turn on 打开；turn down（声音)调低。根据“这个房间里有充足的自然光”， 可知前句应是关上灯。故选A。 第二节完形填空（共第二节完形填空（共 1010 个小题，每小题个小题，每小题 1.51.5 分，满分分，满分 1515 分）分） 通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中，选出可以 填入空白处的最佳选项。 “I have to get the cows baby to the house or itll freeze to death,” Li Ming said to himself. He tried to lift it, but it was too31. Li Ming looked around the little barn( 牲口棚). He saw nothing he could use to32the baby. Then he made a decision. He quickly took off his coat, placed it on the ground beside the baby, and gently slid(滑动) the baby onto it. As33as he could, Li Ming pulled the baby out of the barn and made his way back to the34. Li Ming took the quilt (被子) off his bed and rubbed the baby dry. It lay on his 35, unable to lift his head. He pulled his wet, snowy coat from the baby and covered the little animal with his quilt. After putting one more piece of wood on the fire, Li Ming pulled on his coat. It was still wet from the ground,36it was better than nothing. He took a big bottle and made his way to the barn. He wanted to get some milk. At first his fingers were too cold, but finally the warmth of the cows body warmed37 enough, so he could milk. He started to back to the house. Li Ming was just beginning tospoon milk into the babys mouth when Father and Mother came into the house. “How did you get the baby in here?” Father asked,38the little animal. Li Ming explained how he had39the baby on his coat. “Do you think hell make it?” “Hell40,” Father told Li Ming, “thanks to you. You did the right thing”. 2 “Just pulling my own weight.” Li Ming said. 31. A. heavyB. lightC. weak 32. A. serveB. liftC. feed 33. A. quietlyB. slowlyC. carefully 34. A. school B. hospitalC. house 35. A. quiltB. coatC. jacket 36. A. butB. soC. and 37. A. itB. themC. her 38. A. examiningB. hittingC. pulling 39. A. driedB. pulledC. checked 40. A. dieB. seeC. live A 题材：人物故事 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了李明如何从牛棚里把小牛犊拉进屋里， 从而救活小 牛犊的故事。反映了李明是一个聪明、善良、勇敢的好孩子。 31. A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。heavy 重的；light 轻的；明亮的；weak 虚弱的。根据 转折词 but 可推知句意“他想托起小牛犊，但是它太重了。”故选 A。 32. B【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。 serve 服务； lift 举起， 托起； feed 喂养。 根据下句“He quickly took off his coat, placed it on the ground beside the baby, and gently slid( 滑动) the baby onto it.” 可推知，当时“我”没有找到可以托起小牛犊的东西。故选B。 33. C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。quietly 安静地；slowly 慢慢地；carefully 仔细地，小心地。 根据上句“and gently slid(滑动) the baby onto it.” 可推知，当时“我”是尽可能小心翼翼地把小 牛犊拉出牲口棚。故选C。 34. C 【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。 school 学校； hospital 医院； house 房屋。 根据下句“Li Ming took the quilt (被子) off his bed and rubbed the baby dry.”可推知，当时“我”把小牛犊拉回了家 里，并把他的身体擦干。故选C。 35. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。 quilt 被子；coat 外套；jacket 夹克衫。根据下句“He pulled his wet, snowy coat from the baby.”可推知，当时小牛犊是躺在“我”的外套上。故选 B。 36. A【解析】考查连词词义辨析。根据上句“It was still wet from the ground,” 及下句“it was better than nothing.”可知前后句意是转折的。故选A。 37. B【解析】考查代词词义辨析。根据前文“At first his fingers were too cold”，可推知后文句 意“但最后牛的温暖的身体把牛蹄子暖和过来了。”空格处内容指的是“他的蹄子”。故选 B。 38. A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。examine 检查；hit 击打；pull 拉。根据最后一段第一句话 “Hell40,” Father told Li Ming 可推知，当时“父亲”在给小牛犊检查。故选A。 39. B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。dry 使变干；pull 拉；check 检查；核对。根据第二 段最后 He quickly took off his coat, placed it on the ground beside the baby, and gently slid(滑动) the baby onto it.可推知，本句句意“李明解释他是怎么把小牛犊拉到他的外套上的”。故选 B。 40. C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。 die 死亡；see 看见；live 生活，居住。根据下句“thanks to you. You did the right thing. （多亏了你。你做得对。 ）”可推知，小牛犊会活下来。故选C。 第三部分 阅读技能 （共（共 2020 个小题，每小题个小题，每小题 2 2 分，满分分，满分 4040 分）分） 阅读下面的材料，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。 A(2017湖南株洲) Call 0731-2525 9595 3 Feel sad and lonelyFeel sad and lonely Have no one to talk to?Have no one to talk to? TalkTalk is a telephone service for students with problems. Free telephone service. Life is not hopeless. Dont suffer in silence. Listen to your problems. Offer you practical advice on how to overcome them. Were here for you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Our lines can get very busy, but please keep trying and you will soon get through. We wont tell anyone about your call. （42、42 题图） 41.TalkTalk helps students to. A. make a speechB. feel betterC. learn English 42. Which of the following is NOT true? A. The telephone service is free. B. They can keep the secret. C. You can telephone except on Sunday. A 题材：情感情绪的疏通 【主旨大意】 本文是一则广告。 广告的主题是通过电话聊天方式帮助烦恼孤独且无人倾诉的 学生。 41. B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：TalkTalk 帮助学生_。A 项：做演讲；B 项：感觉 好；C 项：学英文。由第一段第一句TalkTalk is a telephone service for students with problems.可 知，“ TalkTalk” 是为学生解决问题的服务电话，由此推知电话聊天可以帮助学生感觉好起来。故 选 B。 42. C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：以下哪项不正确？A 项：电话服务是免费的；B 项： 他们可以保守秘密； C 项： 除了星期天外， 你可以打电话。 由第三段第一句 Were here for you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.可知一周七天热线都是开放的，所以C 项说法错误。 B(2017湖南株洲) Culture Visiting Plan DateDate 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th DayDay Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday PlacePlace London London High School Cambridge The University of Bath London EventEvent walk along the Thames talk with the students watch a soccer match visit the university enjoy a concert visit Buckingham Palace （43、44、45 题表） 43. When will they watch a soccer match? A. On Wednesday.B. On Thursday. 4 C. On Friday. 44. Where will they enjoy a concert? A. In Cambridge University.B. In the University of Bath.C. In London High School. 45. How long is the culture visiting? A. For five days.B. For a week.C. For a month. B 题材：旅行计划 【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。文中介绍了文化访问计划，包括时间、地点及相关活动。 43. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：他们什么时候会看足球赛？A 项：星期三；B 项： 星期四；C 项：星期五。由表格第三行中的时间Wednesday 及活动 watch a soccer match 可 知选 A。 44. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：他们将在哪里享受音乐会？。 A 项：在剑桥大学；B 项：在巴斯大学；C 项：在伦敦高中。由表格倒数第二行中的地点The University of Bath以 及事件 enjoy a concert 可知选 B。 45. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：文化访问多长时间？A 项：五天；B 项：一个星期； C 项：一个月。由计划中提供的时间11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th 可知本次文化访问是五天的 时间。故选 A。 C(2017湖南株洲) Want to say “hello” from Disneyland? Send a postcard! Want to say “hello” from abroad? Send a postcard! Beautifulscenes,wildanimals,excellentbuildings,sillypictures,wonderful handwritingyou can find them all in one place. Where? On a postcard! Have people always sent postcards? No. Before postcards, people like to send letters in envelopes. The idea for the first decorated postcard was first patented(取得专利) in 1861. Sending a simple postcard with decorations would be a great way to send a note. Then in the early days, postcards with pictures appeared. By law, people had to write their note on the fronton the picture! The back was only for the address. Several years later, England allowed a divided-back postcard. Then people could write their note on the back left side and put the address on the right. During the early 1900s, the golden age of postcards, picture postcards became a craze( 风魔一时) of the world. In1908, Americans alone mailed over 677 million postcards. Today, postcards are the third most popular collection in the world after stamps and coins. 46. What do people like to send before postcards? A. Pictures.B. Letters.C. Notes. 47. When was the idea for the first decorated postcard first patented? A. In 1861.B. In 1908.C. During the early 1900s. 48. Where did people have to write their note by law in the early days? A. Under the picture.B. Beside the picture.C. On the picture. 49. What are the first two most popular collections in the world? A. Stamps and coins.B. Postcards and coins.C. Stamps and postcards. 50. The passage mainly talks about_. A. lettersB. postcardsC. collections C 题材：科普常识 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章以有趣的方式引出了明信片， 并主要介绍了明信片的 发展历史，包括开始取得专利的时间、早期的单张明信片、之后的折叠明信片、明信片的黄 5 金时期及其收藏等。 46. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在明信片之前人们喜欢发寄什么？ A 项：图片；B 项：信件；C 项：便签。由第三段最后一句 Before postcards, people like to send letters in envelopes.可知在有明信片之前人们是喜欢寄“信”的。故选 B。 47. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：第一个装饰明信片的想法在什么时候首先获得专利 的？由第四段第一句 The idea for the first decorated postcard was first patented(取得专利) in 1861.可知明信片第一次获得专利是在1861 年。故选 A。 48. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据法律，早期的人们必须把信息写在哪里？ A 项： 图画下面； B 项：图画旁边；C 项：在图画上。由第四段第四句By law, people had to write their note on the fronton the picture! 可知按照法律， 人们要把相关内容写在早期明信片的图 片上。故选 C。 49. A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：世界前两大最受欢迎的收藏品是什么？A 项：邮票 和硬币； B 项： 明信片和硬币； C 项： 邮票和明信片。 由短文最后一句 Today, postcards are the third most popular collection in the world after stamps and coins. 可推知最早的两项收藏是邮票 和硬币，而明信片是第三大收藏。故选A。 50. B【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇短文主要谈论_。A 项：信件；B 项：明信片；C 项：收藏。通读全文可知本文介绍了明信片的发展历史，也就是说本文主要 是谈论明信片的。故选B。 D(2017湖南株洲) Trump smoked heavily. He got lung cancer when he was sixty years old. He only had six months to live. His chance for recovery was 1 in 500. He lived in Baldwin Street, in New Zealand，a very special street in the world. What he did with cancer was also special. He could see the worry, depression and anger in his life. He wondered. “If illness can be caused by negativity(消极性), can wellness be created by positivity?” He decided to make an experiment of himself. Laughing was one of the most positive activities he knew. He watched all the funny movies he could find. He read funny stories. He enjoyed talk shows and cross talks. He asked his friends to call him whenever they said, heard or did something funny. And he also told jokes to his friends and his family. He even built a club called “Laugh and life”. At first, his pain was so great that he could not sleep. Then, he found laughing for 10 minutes could relieve the pain (减轻疼痛) for several hours so he could sleep. He fully recovered from his illness and lived another 20 happy and healthy years in the end. He thought his success was because of the love of his family and friends, and laughing. So, if you like laughing, do it as often as you can in your life. If you dont like laughing, then take your medicinelaugh anyway. 51. Where did Trump live? A. In Baldwin Street.B. In New Street.C. In Wall Street. 52. From the passage we know Trump_. A. drank too muchB. was very handsomeC. had a strong will 53. “Laugh and Life” is a_. A. schoolB. clubC. company 54. How old was Trump when he died? A. 61.B. 70.C. 80. 6 55. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Enough sleep is important.B. Laughing is the best medicine.C. Activities are useful. 题材：健康生活 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了得了癌症的Trump，通过积极的生活态度 笑，战胜了病魔，恢复了健康的故事。故事启发我们笑有助于我们的健康。 51. A 【解析】 细节理解题。 题干意为： Trump住在哪里？根据文章第一段中He lived in Baldwin Street 可知，Trump住在 Baldwin Street。故选 A。 52. C 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从短文中我们知道 Trump_。A 项：喝得 太多；B 项：非常英俊；C 项：有坚强的意志。根据下文可知，他用积极的生活态度战胜了 癌症，可推知他是一个意志坚强的人。故选C。 53. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为： “Laugh and Life”是一个_。A 项：学校；B 项： 俱乐部；C 项：公司。根据文章第三段中 He even built a club called “Laugh and life”.可知， Laugh and life 是一个俱乐部名称。故选B。 54. C【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：Trump多少岁时死的？根据文章第一段中He got lung cancer when he was sixty years old.及文章第五段中 He fully recovered from his illness and lived another 20 happy and healthy years in the end.可推算出他活到 80 岁。故选 C。 55.B【解析】主旨大意题。 题干意为：这篇短文主要告诉我们什么？A 项：足够睡眠很重要； B 项：笑是最好的药； C 项：活动很有用。通过Trump 用笑战胜癌症的事例可知，笑是最好 的药。故选 B。 E (2017湖南株洲) There are at least two methods. Induction(归纳法)(as described by Darwin), or deduction(演 绎法)(as described by Einstein). Both methods can produce amazing results. But only when you know which “direction” to go. The steps are the same. They include: Theory(理论)= Explaining how things work Experiment= A way to test whats happening Observation=Something you notice Together, these are called the scientific method. Should you start from the “bottom” by collecting information and facts to prove and seeing where that leads you? Thats induction. Charles Darwin (18091882) supported this method. He spent years observing the appearance and behavior of animals in different places. From this, he created his theory of natural selection: animals and plants can change because of their environment. Or should you start from the “top” by creating a theory and then seeing how it stands up in real life? Thats deduction. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was king here. He began with brave ideas. These theories often took years to prove by experiment. A few of Einsteins ideas are still being examined. In history, scientists have been solving problems using different methods. For example, while studying bacteria(细菌)，Fleming found that something on bread could kill bacteria harmfulto human health. This led him to discover a new medicine. Newton suggested that all objects attract each other. His idea was proved later. So which way is better? That depends. Some researchers do experiments, and only later 7 consider where their results may lead them. Thats induction. But deduction needs you to suggest a theory that may or may not be supported by the information and facts. The best scientists are always ready to change methods when necessary. 56. How many steps are there in the scientific method? A. 2.B. 3.C. 4. 57. Deduction needs you to start from the_. A. “bottom”B. “middle”C. “top” 58. Fleming used_ to discover a new medicine. A. inductionB. deductionC. theories 59.The last paragraph(段)tells us_. A. which way is betterB. to get more factsC. to use proper methods 60. What can be the best title of the passage? A. Deduction and induction.B. Darwin and Fleming.C. Theory and experiment. 题材：教育科学 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了归纳法与演绎法这两种不同的科学论证方法。 归纳法， 是由许多个别事例， 从中获得一个较具概括性的规则。 而演绎法则是从具体的结果， 推论出个别特殊的情形的一种方法。 56. B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：科学方法有多少步？根据文章第二段中 Theory(理 论 )= Explaining how things work ； Experiment= A way to test whats happening ； Observation=Something you notice可知，有三个步骤。故选B。 57. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：演绎法需要你从_开始。A 项：“底部”；B 项：“中间”；C 项：“顶部”。根据文章第四段中 Or should you start from the “top” by creating a theory with brave ideas. These life? Thats deduction.可知，演绎法是从既有的结论开始的。故 选 C。 58. A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：Fleming 使用_来发现一种新药。A 项： 归纳法； B 项： 演绎法； C 项： 理论。 根据文章第五段中 Fleming found that something on bread could kill bacteria harmful to human health. This led him to discover a new medicine.可知， Fleming 是从个别示例中得到的概括性规则，应是使用的归纳法。故选A。 59. C 【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：最后一段告诉我们_。A 项：哪种方式 更好；B 项：获得更多的事实； C 项：使用正确的方法。根据最后一段中的 So which way is better? That depends. 及 The best scientists are always ready to change methods when necessary. 可知，作者想告诉我们要选用合适的方法。故选C。 60. A 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：文章最佳标题可以是什么？。A 项：归纳法与演绎 法；B 项：达尔文和弗莱明；C 项：理论与实验。本文主要讲了两种不同的科学论证方法： 归纳法与演绎法。故选A。 第四部分第四部分 写作技能写作技能 共三节共三节（满分 35 分） 第一节第一节 双向翻译双向翻译（共 5 个小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） (2017湖南株洲) 根据上下文内容.将文中画线部分译成汉语或者英语。 (2017湖南株洲) How to realize your dream? Start by asking yourself what makes you happy. 61. Think about all the things that make you feel excited and happy in the past. You should think about what you want, not what you should be doing. Create a personal mission statement (任务说 8 明). Mission statements arent just for big companies. 62.任务说明解释对你来说什么是重要的 和你将去向何方。 Write down your past successes, the contributions you want to make to the world, and your short-term and long-term goals. Re-examine your past goals. Try to forget the feelings of shame and regret. You are entering a new chapter of your life. It is important to examine your past experiences so that you dont repeat them. 63. But its also important to know your advantages in the past sothat you can make them work for you in the future. Write down your dream as a goal. Take a look at everything you have doneyour happiness list, mission statement and experiences from the past. Now begin to set up a simple and clear goal from these materials. 64. Try to explain your dream in simple terms, using just one sentence. For example, a clear one-sentence goal might be: “I will save more of my income each month so that I can take a nice vacation next summer.” 65.你应该永远不放弃努力去实现你的梦想。For the future is full of the unexpected. 第一节双向翻译 题材：观点看法 【主旨大意】本文是一议论文。论述了如何实现自己的梦想，并提出几个建议。 61. 想一想过去所有使你感到激动与快乐的事情。 62. The mission statement explains what is important for you and where you will go. 63. 但是了解你过去的优势也是很重要的，这样你就可以让它们在将来为你工作。 64. 尽量用简单的术语来解释你的梦想，只用一句话。 65. You should never give up trying to realize/achieve your dr