阅读理解公开课.ppt

ReadingComprehension,英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生能读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文段并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨大意（mainidea)（2）理解文中具体细节(specificdetails)（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义(wordmeanings)（4）做出判断和推理(judgementandinference)（5）理解文章的基本结构(passagestructure)（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度(attitudes/opinions),一：主旨归纳题,Usualtypes:mainidea;topic/besttitle;purpose,这种试题要求能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。,questionforms：大意类：Themainideaofthepassageis.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?标题类：Whatsthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage?Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe.作者意图类：Whatsthewriterspurposeinwritingthepassage？Theauthorspurposeofwritingthispassageis,1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等)时,其后的句子很可能是主题句。2.首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点,通常是主旨;反复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，inshort,conclude，conclusion等。,找主题句的四个小窍门：,Whathaveyoulearnttoday?一：主旨归纳题1.如何找主题句2.莫以偏概全二：猜测生词的词义Rule1:根据文中的定义、解释猜生词Rule2:根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）Rule3:根据上下文语境做出判断Rule4:根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断Rule5:根据常识、经验猜生词,Summingup,Pleasekeepinmind,Practicemakesperfect!,Haveatry!Guessthemainideaofeachpassagequickly!,Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?(1minute)Pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofthepassage.开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式.,Passage1,Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent(无辜的，无罪的，无辜者).Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.(1minute)Pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofthepassage.在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：so,onthewhole,asaresult,inshort,therefore,thus.,Passage2,Passage3Successisoftenmeasuredbytheabilitytoovercomeadversity(困境，逆境）.But,itisoftenthebeliefofothersthatgivesusthecouragetotry.J.K.Rowling,authoroftheHarryPotterbookseries,beganwritingatage6.Inherbiography,.becamethefirstpersontoencourageherandhelpbuildtheconfidencethatonedayshewouldbeaverygoodwriter.Nowwithsevenbooksthathavesoldnearly400millioncopiesin64languages,J.K.Rowlingisthehighestearningnovelistinhistory.Anditallbeganwithhercommitmenttowritingthatwasfosteredbytheconfidenceofafriend!(2minutes)Thetextmainlytellsus.A.hardshipmakesagoodnovelistB.thecouragetotryisaspecialabilityC.youcanhaveawonderfulideaeverywhereD.encouragementcontributestoonessuccess,detail,Passage4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalback-ground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.(2minutes)Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.TomhadstudiedatParisandmovedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyerafterhisgraduationfromCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.,detail,detail,TypesofParagraphStructures,Atthebeginning,Attheendofthepassage,Inthemiddle,Nocleartopicsentence,Whatshouldwepayattentionto?,Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一燕不成夏（不要以偏概全）2.Transitionalwordsandexpressions:过渡词but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary,Howtotellthewrongchoices?,2.放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或缩小3、偷换概念，把文章主题换成相关但不同的主题。,1.以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一观点当成整篇文章的主题,Howdoweguessthemeaningsofnewwords?,二：猜测生词的词义,如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有：1）Theunderlinedword（phrase）inthepassagemeans_2）Thewordit（them）inthefirstparagraphrefersto_3）Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans_4）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？,要求考生根据语境猜测生词、短语或句子的意思,或者推断熟词生义。题干中常含有mean,isclosestinmeaningto,referto,bereplacedby等。这类题在广东高考最近六年来,每年考查一个小题。,例1.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.2.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.,牧羊人,thatis,Rule1:touse_根据文中的定义、解释猜生词,definition/explanation,Signalwords:,is,iscalled,bedefinedas(被定义为),like,thesameas,referto,such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,Guessthemeaning,易碎的，脆性的,Rule2:touse_,例1.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.2.MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.,harmful,also,harmful,文盲的，不识字的,1.并列关系,Signalwords:,and,or,also,thatistosay（换句话说，也就是说）inotherwords（换句话说）,and,guessthemeaning,logicalrelationships逻辑关系,例3.Therearechargesforprescriptionanddentalcarebutmanypeople,suchaschildren,pregnantwomen,pensioners,andthoseonIncomeSupport,areexemptfrompayment.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exempt”probablymean?A.sufferingB.differentC.preventedD.free,but,charges,2.根据转折或对比关系进行判断,Rule2:touse_,4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.,Signalwords:,but,however,yet,or,otherwise,while,though,ononehandontheotherhand,ratherthan,insteadof,punctual准时的,logicalrelationships,收费，要价,Rule2:touse_,logicalrelationships,例5.Hessuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade（买卖，贸易，交易）.6.Theteacherdidnotheartheknockatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinhisreading.,smart/sharp精明的，敏锐的,such,that,Signalwords:,absorbed专心致志的，全神贯注的,3.根据因果关系进行判断,because,since,as,for,so,therefore（因此）,sothat,suchthat,thus,Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedword.,because,Rule3:touse_,Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefathersname.English-speakingpeopleaddedsorson.TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamilysancestor(祖先）wasRobert.,A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors,2)Europeancountries,forthepresent,aredeeplymiredineconomictroubles.Itisreportedthattheireconomicfuturelooksuncertainanddark.A.trappedB.absorbedC.engagedD.interested,context,根据上下文语境做出判断,Rule4:touse_,(1)Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.,Impossibletotravelonorthrough不能通行的,(2)Hefellintoaditch(沟，渠）andlaythere,semiconscious,forafewminutes.,partiallyconscious,wordformation,根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断,semi(前缀）半，部分,conscious有知觉的，有意识的，神志清醒的,Rule5:tousecommonsenseandexperience根据常识、经验猜生词,1)Thesoundofwatergentlylappingagainstthesideoftheboatduringthesilentnightwasverypleasant.,tapping拍打,2)RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans_.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout,打扫或清除干净,吸入，理解，领会,彻底消灭，全部摧毁,分发，发出，放出（热，光等）,像亚马逊这样的热带雨林对于吸收大气中的二氧化碳，帮助减缓全球变暖有着重要作用。,Summary,Rule1:根据文中的定义、解释猜生词Rule2:根据逻辑关系（并列，对比，转折，因果）Rule3:根据上下文语境做出判断Rule4:根据构词法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断Rule5:根据常识、经验猜生词,根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，建议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练！1猜测熟词新含义例1:Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhite-collaremployees，whocanaffordthenewservice.例2:“Thatsimpossible,”saidhe,whorunsanItalianrestaurant.猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能力外，还要求同学们有较宽的知识面，对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用法，并将这些词进行简要归纳整理。2猜测词性变换新词含义Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago，howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括抽象出它的新词义。,猜词能力,白领雇员,经营,想象,1.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultrychickens,ducksandgeese,bothfortheireggsandtheirmeat.,家禽,practicemakesperfect,2.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.,supercilious高傲的,傲慢的,modest（谦虚的，谦逊的）,3,Timdranktoomuchwaterlastnight,sohewenttovisitjohntwice.,厕所,4.Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.,disagree,5.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.,浑浊的，污浊不清的,6.Allhisatte