新外研版英语八上重点短语及知识点总结

新外研版英语八上重点短语及知识点总结M1M12Module1Unit1 Lets try to speak English as much as possible.重点短语:1. make a mistake2. look up3. talk about4. some advice5. speak English6. in class7. try to do sth8. as.as possible9. write down X Kb 1. Co m10. be good for.11. dont need to do sth12. agree with sb.重点句型1. We should always speak English in class.Lets +动词原形2. Why not do sth? = Why dont sb. do sth?3. Dont forget to do sth4. Its a good idea to do sth.5. How about doing sth?Unit2 You should smile at her!单元短语：1. ask for2. basic questions3. Li Hao from Hubei4. the meaning of the new words5. each time6. learn something new7. advise sb. to do sth.8. talk about sth. with sb.9. be afraid to do sth.10. speak to sb.11. start a conversation12. smile at sb.13. forget them quickly14. four or five words a day15. be good at sth.句型1. Watching films and listening to songs are great ways to learn English.2. What should I do?3. These are good ways to start a conversation.4. Before you begin, you should smile at her!5. It is natural to forget new words.Unit3 Language in use短语:1. be good for2. say hello to sb.3. take sb. around.4. make friends5. all the time6. in addition to.7. various kinds of8. millions of9. on the internet10. chat with sb.Module 2 My home town and my countryUnit 1 Its taller than many other buildings重点短语1. Pretty good!2. on the coast3. some day4. .as + 形容词 + as .5. remember to do sth.重点句子1. So Its a newer city than Hong Kong?2. Its getting bigger and busier.3. Whats the population of Shenzhen?4. Its streets are much wider and cleaner too.5. Its taller than many other buildings in Shenzhen.Unit 2 Cambridge is a beautiful city in the east of England 重点短语in the east ofin the west ofin the north ofin the south ofin the northin the southon the riverbe famous forsuch astrips along the riverany time of the year重点句子There are lots of old buildings and churches to visit. Cambridge is 80 kilometres from London.It has a population of about seven and a half million. What is its population?Unit 3 Language in use重点短语：1. the capital of .2. on the east coast3. be known for4. millions ofModule3 SportsUnit1 Nothing is more exciting than playing tennis.知识点一：重点短语come and watch watch the football matcha minute ago last weekno one at allbe tired last nightplay tennis sit downstay at home go to the stadiumnever mind plenty of知识点二：重点句型1.So this weeks match is already more exciting.2.Whats the matter with you, Tony?3.Nothing is more enjoyable than playing tennis.4. Never mind.5.We all arrive as early as we can so that we have time to warm up.6.That means we have a better chance of winning.Unit2 This year we practice more carefully.知识点一：重点短语use sth. to do cheeronfan club play againstasas so thatwarm up be late forafter school practice in the final match知识点二：重点句型1.This year we are training more carefully.2.We all arrive as early as we can so that we have time to warm up.3.It is more difficult to practice in winter because the days are short and the weather is cold too.4.What a pity!5.That means we have a better chance of winning.6.They cheer us loudly and we feel more confident to win the game.Module 4 Planes, ships and trains重点短语1.except2.by taxi3.the same as4.all the time5.be late for 6.go to school go to the school7.in summer重点句子1. What happened?2. How does Tony go to school ?3. He lives the farthest from school, so he takes the underground.4. Her home is the closest to school, so she walks.5. What is the best way to travel from London to Amsterdam ?6. The more information, the better .Module5 Lao She TeahouseUnit1 I wanted to see some Beijing Opera.知识点一：重点短语the traditional Beijing Operaoffer to do sth.plan to do sth.in the endstayed for three hoursthe main thinghope to do sth.next timedecide to do知识点二：重点句型1.I wanted to see the Beijing Opera 2. If you like the Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, you can enjoy them at the teahouse.Unit 2 It describes the changes in Chinese society.重点短语1. one of Lao Shes most famous plays2. lives of common people3. from. to.4. (at) the end of the nineteenth century5. (in) the middle of the twentieth century6. tell sb. sth. ( = tell sth. to sb.)7. Chinese society8. send sb. to +地方9. return to +地方10. five years later11. magic shows12. give a warm welcome to sb.13. all over the world14. finish sth./doing sth.重点句子 2. Lao She is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the twentieth century.3. If you like the Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, you can enjoy them at the teahouse.4. Lao She Teahouse gives a warm welcome to everyone from all over the world.Unit 3 Language in use重点短语1. decide to do2. start/begin to do3. try to do4. plan to do5. want to do （=would like to do）6. advise sb. to do7. hope to do 9. modern China10. learn about11. be right for12. first half of the twentieth century13. at the same time14. take place xkb 1Module6 Animals in dangerUnit1at lastin dangeranimals in dangerbe interested inbe interested to do sth.allow sb. to do sth.need to dogrow biggertake awayenough waterhelp sb. (to) do sth.on earthlook afterthink ofraise some moneyfind outin peacein order toUnit2nature parkUnit3make a better life forone ofthe best way to do sth.eatfor foodfirst of allaround the worldin the wild重点句型：1.Its sad to do sth.2.That means we can give money to help protect the animals.3.Lets find out what else we can do to save as many animals as possible.4. It makes me mad!表达情感1. It makes me mad!2. Its really awful!3. Its hard to4. Its nice5. Its interesting6. Its sadM7 A famous story1. a girl called Alice.此处called为过去分词，修饰girl，放在名词之后。相当于named.2.fall down 跌倒，掉下 fall behind 跟不上，落在后面fall into 落入中 fall off 从上掉下来 fall back 退回fall asleep 入睡 fall ill 生病Eg：She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.Leaves fall off the trees in fall.They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone. l in a tree (外来物或人)在树上on a tree (树上本身有的东西：apple等)在树上EgThere is a bird in the tree.There are a lot of apples on the tree.l smile at sb 对sb微笑Eg：Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.4.“到达”的表达：arrive in+大地点 get to +地点 reach +地点at+小地点 (get hometherehere)举办茶会6. To see if you remember the story.l To see 为不定式，在此处作目的状语，表示“为了看看”l If引导的是一个宾语从句，表示“是否”，不充当任何成分，与whether可以互换7. have nothing to do 没什么事可做 nothingsomething to eatdrinknothing 作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数8. once or twice=from time to time 偶尔Eg：Once or twice he goes to school on foot.once 一次 twice 两次 三次及以上：数词+times three times six times9. whatfor?=why? 为什么? ；有什么用?Eg：(1) -What are you sitting on the eggs for?-Im sitting on them to hatch the chicks.(2) -Why are you late again?-Because there is an accident on the road.10. nothing strange 没什么奇怪的事形容词strange作后置定语，修饰不定代词nothing。在英语中，当形容修饰不定代词somethinganythingnothingeverything等时，形容词必须放在不定代词后面，作后置定语。 Eg：I have something important to do.There is something strange appeared in the sky.11. hear sb do sth 听到sb 做sth(此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，类似的有makelethavehelp sb do sth 等)hear sb doing sth 听到sb 正在做sthEg：I heard her play the piano in the next room just now.I hear someone singing in the room.12.take sth out of sp 把sth从sp掏出rushjump out of sp 从sp冲跳出去across 表示动作是在物体的表面进行，如过河，过桥，过马路。through 表示动作是在物体的内部空间进行，如穿过森林、门、隧道，光线射入等 Eg：Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road.The driver must slow down when they drive through the tunnel.14. tooto 太而不能Eg：He is too young to carry the heavy bag.拓展：(1) tooto可以和sothat互换Eg：She is too young to go to school.=She is so young that she cant go to school.(2) tooto可以和notenough to互换(not后的形容词与too后的形容词是相反的)Eg：She is too young to go to school.=She is not old enough to go to school.15. land on 落到上；着陆Eg：The plane will land on the island in five minutes.16. 宾语从句：(1) 定义：在主从复合句中，充当宾语成分的从句就叫做宾语从句。(2) 位置：常在及物动词或介词之后。(3) 引导词：l that 无意义，不充当任何成分，常可以省略；l ifwhether表示“是否”，不充当任何成分，两者可以互换，但有or not时只能用whether；l whowhatwherewhenwhy等表示“谁”、“什么”、“哪里”、“何时”、“为什么”，分别可以充当主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语和原因状语，不可以省略。(4) 语序：陈述句语序，即 “主语+谓语”(5) 时态：l 当主句为现在或将来时态时，宾语从句可以使用任何时态；l 当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句可以使用过去的某种时态(一般过去时，过去进行时等)；l 当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句表示一种客观真理、事实时，用一般现在时。 Eg：I know (that) you met him yesterday.He asked if I would come.I dont understand what you say.He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.The teacher said that light travels faster than sound. M8 Accidents1. on the phone 通过电话通话(on 表示“通过”)2. look pale 看起来很苍白此处look作为半系动词，后跟adj. 常见的半系动词有tastesmellsoundfeel. Eg：The music sounds good.The food tastes delicious.The sofa feels comfortable.3. listen 听(强调听的过程，后接宾语时需加to,即 listen to)hear 听到(强调听到的结果，后接do或doing)Eg：We should listen to the teachers carefully.I hear someone singing in the next room. (我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌)I hear someone sing in the next room. (我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌)4.appear(v.) 出现 appearance(n.) disappear(v.) 消失Eg：He suddenly disappeared in front of us.5. hit 撞击；打Eg：The bus hits the bridge.He hits me on the head.此外，hit 还可以作名词，表示“轰动一时的成功”Eg：His song made a hit.6. be glad to do sth 很高兴去做sthEg：I am glad to see you again.7. in time 及时on time 准时，按时Eg：I hope you can come back in time.Please hand in your homework on time.8. fall off=fall down from 从摔下来你 fall asleep 入睡 fall into 掉入fall in love with sb 爱上某人 fall behind 落在后面9. the risk of 的风险 side by side 肩并肩pay attention to 注意(to 是一个介词，后接名词或doingEg：We should pay more attention to developing economy.10. sometimes 有时 some times 几次；几倍sometime (将来或过去)某个时候 some time 一段时间Eg：He sometimes sends me an e-mail.Remember it some times, or you will forget it.Lets have a party sometime next week.I will stay with you for some time.11. try to do sth 试图去做某事 try ones best to do sth 尽某人全力去做某事 have a try 试一试Eg：The little boy tries to go across the road by himself.We should try our best to save the animals in danger.Do you have a try?12. pick up 捡起，拾起(代词只能放中间，名词放在中间或后面均可)pick sb up (开车)接某人 pick sth up 学会某事Eg：After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.Mike picked up a few words of Chinese last summer.13. call sb call up=ring up 打电话给sb call on 拜访sbEg：Call me up tomorrow.I called on my grandparents yesterday.14. take photos 照相15. hidehidhidden 隐藏 hide up 包庇(坏人)hide sth from sb 瞒着某人某事 hide out 躲藏Eg：-Why did the policeman catch the man just now?-He hid up the murderer.She hid her brothers death from her parents.16. throwthrewthrown 扔；抛 throw away 抛弃throw about 到处乱扔 throw at 向扔去Eg：Dont throw about the waste paper.The naughty boy throws at the dog a stone.17. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.lie 此处为不及物动词，意为“躺”。其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；现在分词为lying。He was lying on the bed.lie 的其他用法：不及物动词，意为“说谎”。过去式、过去分词均为lied；现在分词为lying。lie to sb 向sb撒谎 Eg：Dont lie to me.不及物动词，意为“位于”。此时其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；现在分词为lying。 Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东位于中国东部。18. hurry up hurry to do sth in a hurry19. as 当时=whenwhilel asas 与一样 not assoas 与不一样l asas possible尽可能=asas sb cancouldl as soon as 一就Eg：He is as tall as me.We should study as hard as possible.I will call you as soon as I get home. xkb 120. send sth to sb=send sb sthshow sth to stb=show sb sth21. use A to do B 用A去做B A be used to do B A被用来做Bgetbe used to doing 习惯于做sth used to do sth 过去常常做sthEg：We can use the bamboo to make a basket.He isgets used to getting up early.He used to get up early.22. on ones way to 在sb去路上 get in the way 妨碍in this way 用这种方法 by the way 顺便问下 in a way 在某种程度take off (飞机)起飞；脱下(衣服)make a decision to do sth=decide to do sth 决定做某事语法全解：when和while 都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生，但二者意义不尽相同。1. when引导的从句可表示时间点，也可表示时间段，从句的位于动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的从句通常表示时间段，从句中宜用延续性动词作谓语。 They arrived while we were watching TV.2. 含有when引导的时间状语的主从复合句，如果主句用过去进行时，从句应该用一般过去式，表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作发生，强调后一动作发生的突然性。 We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.3. 当主从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生，主从句都用过去进行时的时候，从句多用while引导。They were reading while we were writing .4. 如果表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时，多用when，不用while。 此外，when还含有“at the moment “的意思，此时引导的句子不能放在句首，也不能用while来替换主谓一致判断法主谓一致是指在一个英语句子中，主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致，这种一致性体现在联系动词be和助动词do, have的人称和数上，以及实义动词的第三人称单数上1. 不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式2. 动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式3. Eitheror : neithernor: not onlybut also: 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。4. 在here : there 开头的倒装句中，谓语动词与后面的珠玉在数上保持一致。 M9 Population1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.Thel population of sp is. 表示sp有多少人。此外用sp has a population of也可以表示sp有多少人。形容人口（population）的多少用big/ large 或 small 当population 作主语时，谓语动词用单数询问某地有多少人口有两种表达方法：1Whats the population of 2. How large is the population of 注意：询问某地有多少人口时不用how many 和 how muchhundredthousandmillionbillion等前有数字，用单数形式 three hundredlhundredthousandmillionbillion等后有of，用复数形式 thousands of2. noise (n.) 噪音 noisy(adj.) 吵闹的 make noise 发出噪音voice 指嗓音(人说话或唱歌)sound 指一切声音3. prepare 准备 prepare for 为做准备 prepare to do sth 准备去做某事.Eg：They are preparing for the New Year.We prepare to go fishing next weekend.4. report 报告；报道 make a report 做报告 reporter 记者，通讯员notes 名词复数形式 “笔记 随笔” make notes 记笔记5. such as for example 例如，比如too much+不可数名词 much too+adj. 太too many+可数名词Eg： I like fruit, such as apples, bananas.I have too much homework to do today.That dress is much too long for me.There are too many people in the shop on Sunday.6. increase by+倍数百分数 增加了to+具体增长后的数字 增加到Eg：The number of teachers increased by twice.The population of the town increased to 50000.7. be born in+年份地点 I was born in 1985.of+家庭 He was born of a rich family.8. one fifth 五分之一分数的表达法：分子在前，用基数词；分母在后，用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母需要用复数 如：two thirds9. hang on a minute. 稍等10. quiet (adj.) 安静的；宁静的 quietly(adv.) 安静地quite ( adv.)相当，十分Eg：Please keep quiet, my father is sleeping now.She is quite beautiful in that red coat.11. close to=next to 靠近，挨着Eg：His house is close to a supermarket.12. move to 移到Eg：More and more people move to the big cities these years.13. It be +adj. to do sthone of + 可数名词复数 之一(谓语动词用单数)14. local 当地的 close down 关闭Eg：The local government should do something to solve the water pollution.This shop closed down last year.15. It takes sb st to do sthsb spend(s) stsm on sth(in) doing sthsth cost(s) sb smsb pay sth for sm16. public services 公共服务 a public telephone 公用电话in public 在公共场合 the public 公众17. in fact 事实上 all over the world 全世界18. face danger 面对危险 face to face 面对面地 make a face 做鬼脸as a result 结果是；因此19. die from 由于而死(死于外因，如事故等)die of 因而死(死于内因，如疾病等)Eg：He died from an accident.A lot of people died of cancers20. leave 离开(某地) leave for+目的地 前往(目的地) 启程去某地Ill leave for Shanghai next week. leave 还有“忘了带，留下”之意I left my book at home .21. 辨析： job 与 workjob （cn） 指具体的职业或零工work（un）指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动【Grammer】:冠词： 是限定的一种词，不能单独使用，常用于修饰名词。冠词有三种形式：不定冠词（a/an）, 定冠词（the）和零冠词（/）。 1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数，指人或物种的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明是何人何物。 不定冠词的常见用法有：表示“一个”的概念。 Population is a big problem for cities .表示“每一“的概念，相当于every 。 I watch TV once a week .首次提到的某人或某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。 A student wants to ask you some questions 某些固定短语中，要用不定冠词。 have a good time have a look have a rest 2.定冠词的用法指前文中提到过的人或物。 I have a dog . The dog is black .特指某人或某物。 The girl with long hair is my younger sister .指说话双方都知道的人或物 I had to write the same report last term .用于专有名词前。 the Great Wall the Pacific Ocean用于世界上独一无二的事物前。 the sun the moon用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”。 the Smiths用于形容词最高级前。 the biggest city用于序数词前。the first boy用于西洋乐器名词前。 play the piano某些形容词前加定冠词 the ，表示一类人或物 。the young the old用于某些固定短语中 : in the morning the day after tomorrow3.零冠词的用法在球类活动，学科名词前以及节日，月份，星期前不用冠词。 Tom can play volleyball . 名词前已有指示代词，物主代词，不定代词或数词等作定语时名词前不用冠词 There are many books in her schoolbag.在某些固定短语或习惯用语中不用冠词by bus have breakfast at home at night注意:在某些短语中，名词前用冠词和不用冠词的意义有所不同。in hospital in the hospital at table at the table in class in the class数字 : 分为基数词和序数词。本模块中，我们重点学习数字的读法。在英语中，每三位数字为一个单位，按照百，十，个位向下读。而进位的读法则为thousand, million , billion向上递增。数次的常见用法：分数表达法在英语中，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子是1时，分母用原形；当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。1/3 ： one thirds 2/3 : two thirds百分数的表达百分数用percent 表示，符号为% 如： 5% 读作 five present .M10 The weather1.关于天气的单词：名词 cloud rain snow sun wind fog形容词 cloudy rainy snowy sunny windy foggy2.Are you coming with us?这是一个用现在进行时表示将来的句子，在英语中，如gocomearriveleave等可以用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将来发生的