定语从句详解

定语从句的特点：1.具有形容词性质2.从句前一定要有先行词修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定从句的关联词有：,定语从句,关系代词：who,whomwhose,which,that关系副词：when,where,考点：一：关系词的选择二：As引导定语从句三：that和which四：关系代词前介词的确定五：关系副词where的正确运用,关系词的选择：,定语从句的关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词两大类。,关系代词、关系副词有三个功能：_、_。,关系代词that、which、who(m)、whose引导定语从句,在从句中充当_、_等；关系副词where、when、why引导定语从句，分别在从句中充当_、_、和_状语。,地点,时间,原因,主语,宾语,连接词,代表先行词,在从句中作成分,!,关系代词和副词的选定取决于两个要素：,1.先行词是人还是物2.关系代词或副词在定语从句中所充当的成分,关系词的确定:,关系代词-从句结构不完整,却没有宾语),(缺主语或从句动词为vt,关系副词-从句结构完整,(主语已经存在且从句谓,语为不待介词的vi),定语从句的位置,定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。,e.g.Thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear.,先行词,定语从句,Doyouknowtheman?Hespokejustnow.,Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?,考点：that和which,以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。1.先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing。e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。e.g.ThisisthebestbookthatIveeverread.,3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，用that。e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.当主句的主语是who或which时，用thatWhoistheboythatwaitingatthedoor?WhichisthebookthatyouborrowedfromJohn?,1)介词关系代词,人：whom,物：which,关系代词前介词的确定,关系代词前介词的确定：,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaper_youoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms_Imnotsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyear_theP.R.C.wasfounded.,forwhich,aboutwhich,inwhich,whom指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。,e.g.Doyouknowtheman(whom)wesawattheBeijingHotel?,ThegirlisfromAmerica.,Icalledherjustnow.,Thegirl(whom)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.,which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。,e.g.Imnotinterestedinthebookwhichhasjustbeenpublished.,apple,theredthegreenthesmallthebig,Theapplewhichisredismine.,Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.,Theapplewhichisredissmall.,Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.,Ihavereadthenewspaper.,Itcarriestheimportantnews.,Ishowedhimtheletter.,Ireceiveditthismorning,Ishowedhimtheletter(which)Ireceivedthismorning.,that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。,ThehousethatImgoingtobuyfacessouth.,Theyretalkingaboutthefilm(that)Iveseen.,ItwaswrittenbyLaoshe.,Janehasborrowedthebook.,JanehasborrowedthebookthatwaswrittenbyLaoshe.,*先行词前有下列词语修饰时,定语从句必须用that引导。,all,every,any,little,few,much,no,only,very,the+序数词,the+形容词最高级,eg.Thisisthecleanestparkthatyoucanimagine.,eg.ThisistheonlybookthathasbeenwritteninFrench.,eg.Hetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonshehadvisitedinthecity.,*在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用that引导。,that,eg.Whoisthemanisstandingoverthere?,that,*先行词在从句中作表语时,限制性定语从句通常用that引导。(常可省略),eg.Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttothecountry.,*whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。,eg.Thatsthemanwhosehousewasburneddown.,巩固练习,1.Thefarmweworkedtenyearsagoisntwhatitusedtobe.2.Heisthemanyoucanturnforhelp.3.Thisisthetreeweusedtoplaygames.,onwhich,towhom,underwhich,当关系代词作lookafter,lookfor等不能拆开使用的固定搭配的宾语时，介词一般不提前。,4.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_wecantlive.,5.Thestudent_weweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.,6.Illneverforgettheday_shesaidgoodbyetome.,7.Whocangivemethereason_hehasntturnedupyet?,withoutwhich,aboutwhom,onwhich,forwhich,关系代词前介词的确定,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.,关系代词前的介词的确定,5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.,关系副词where的正确运用：注意先行词是抽象名词时(point,case,situation,system,stage,culture.)：Aco-housingcomplexisaplacewhereresidentsshop,cook,andeattogether.Iremembersittingatthefamilydinnertablewhereeveryonehadgatheredexceptmysister.Thus,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromcultureswheretimeistreateddifferently.,Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_wevisitedthreemonthsago?Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,_wasbeyondhiswildestdream.Women_drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose_dont.(2006北京)A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填,that/which/,which,4.Lookout!Dontgettooclosetothehouse_roofisunderrepair.(2006福建)5.Wearelivinginanage_manythingsaredoneoncomputer.(03北京)6.Ifashophaschairs_womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.(05上海),whose,when,where,先行词+横线+名词，横线部分考虑填whose,当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用when和where引导，要分析句子结构，考虑关系词在从句中的作用再确定用关系副词还是关系代词：关系词在句中充当主语、宾语-which、that关系副词在句中充当状语-where、when,Thisisthemuseum_myfatherusedtowork.Thisistheschool_wevisitedlastweek.,where,which/that/,Illneverforgetthedays_Istudiedinthisuniversity.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.,when,which/that/,解题诀窍：可根据从句谓语动词是及物还是不及物而定,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,Choosethebestanswers:,Thisisthehouse_helivedlastyear.Thisisthehouse_hevisitedlastyear.,Istillremembertheday_wespenttogether.Istillremembertheday_wemet.,where/inwhich,(which/that),(that/which/),when/onwhich,4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that,5.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it,6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that,7.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_intheforest.A.oncethegrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew.8.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich,表示方式的theway作先行词在定语从句中充当状语时有三种连接词1.theway/;2.thewaythat;3.thewayinwhich,9.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenWindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedfortenyears.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which,1.Theman_Isawtoldmetowait.2.Themanto_Ispokewasaforeigner.3.Iknowaboy_fatherisanacrobat.(杂技演员)4.Hesawahouse_windowswereallbroken.,Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.,5.Alltheapples_fallareeatenbywildboars.6.Canyouthinkofanyone_couldlookafterhim?7.Thisisthebesthotel_Iknow.8.Heshowedamachine_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.,基础练习,1.Isthatthehouse_youboughtlastyear?A.whereB.which2.Isthatthepicture_youarelaughingat?A.whichB.where3.Itisthemostinterestingbook_Illeverread.A.whichB.that,4.Thestreet_istotheparkisverynarrow.A.whereB.which5.Theperson_findsmywatchwillgetareward.A.whoB.when6.Thisistheroom_welistenedtothelecture.A.whichB.where,7.Theboy_motherisillcannotcometotheparty.A.whoB.whose8.Tellmethereason_youarelate.A.whichB.why,填空：1.Lookatthatlady_nameisPochi.2.Heisateacher_Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney_Ihad.,6.Tomisthefirstboy_lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear_IwenttoAmerica.10.wecametothetown,_westayedfor2hours.,翻译1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?,Fillintheblankswithverbsgivenintheirproperforms,Fillintheblankswithverbsgivenintheirproperforms,1,Thebuilding_(build)herenow.2,Thebuilding_(build)herethen.3,Thebuilding_(build)herelastyear.4,Thebuilding_(build)hereveryoften.5,Thebuilding_(build)herealready.6,Thebuilding_(build)herenextyear.,1,Thebuilding_(build)herenowisaschool.2,Thebuilding_(build)herethenisaschool.3,Thebuilding_(build)herelastyearisaschool.4,Thebuilding_(build)hereveryoftenisaschool5,Thebuilding_(build)herealreadyisaschool.6,Thebuilding_(build)herenextyear.,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,Choosethebestanswers:,4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that,5.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it,6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that,7.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_intheforest.A.oncethegrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew.8.Idontlike_youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich,表示方式的theway作先行词在定语从句中充当状语时有三种连接词1.theway/;2.thewaythat;3.thewayinwhich,9.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanweexpected.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenWindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedfortenyears.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which,1.Theman_Isawtoldmetowait.2.Themanto_Ispokewasaforeigner.3.Iknowaboy_fatherisanacrobat.(杂技演员)4.Hesawahouse_windowswereallbroken.,Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.,who,whom,whose,whose,5.Alltheapples_fallareeatenbywildboars.6.Canyouthinkofanyone_couldlookafterhim?7.Thisisthebesthotel_Iknow.8.Heshowedamachine_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.,that,that,that,whose,基础练习,1.Isthatthehouse_youboughtlastyear?A.whereB.which2.Isthatthepicture_youarelaughingat?A.whichB.where3.Itisthemostinterestingbook_Illeverread.A.whichB.that,B,B,A,4.Thestreet_istotheparkisverynarrow.A.whereB.which5.Theperson_findsmywatchwillgetareward.A.whoB.when6.Thisistheroom_welistenedtothelecture.A.whichB.where,B,A,B,7.Theboy_motherisillcannotcometotheparty.A.whoB.whose8.Tellmethereason_youarelate.A.whichB.why,B,B,填空：1.Lookatthatlady_nameisPochi.2.Heisateacher_Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney_Ihad.,whose,whom/that,which/that,who,that,6.Tomisthefirstboy_lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear_IwenttoAmerica.10.wecametothetown,_westayedfor2hours.,that,that,that,when,where,翻译1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。Heshowedmetheplacewherehelosthiswallet.2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。Idontknowthegirlwhom/thatyouspoketo.3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。SheisagirlwhoiscalledMary.,4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Thoseboyswhoareplayingtennisaremyfriends.5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?,Fillintheblankswithverbsgivenintheirproperforms,Fillintheblankswithverbsgivenintheirproperforms,1,Thebuilding_(build)herenow.2,Thebuilding_(build)herethen.3,Thebuilding_(build)herelastyear.4,Thebuilding_(build)hereveryoften.5,Thebuilding_(build)herealready.6,Thebuilding_(build)herenextyear.,1,Thebuilding_(build)herenowisaschool.2,Thebuilding_(build)herethenisaschool.3,Thebuilding_(build)herelastyearisaschool.4,Thebuilding_(bu