商务英语课件Tutorial_8.ppt

Tutorial8,InternationalAndLegalIssues,Tutorial8,ContentsofTutorial8,InternationalAndLegalIssuesCASESESSION8.1ELECTRONICCOMMERCE:INTERNATIONALBYNATURETrustontheWebIMPORTANCEOFCULTUREINELECTRONICCOMMERCELanguageIssuesinElectronicCommerceCustomsandBusinessPolicyIssuesinElectronicCommerceInfrastructureIssuesinElectronicCommerceSESSION8.2THELEGALENVIRONMENTOFELECTRONICCOMMERCECompliancewithLawsandRegulationsJurisdictionPowerEffectsLegitimacyJurisdictionontheInternetInternationalJurisdiction,Tutorial8,ContentsofTutorial8,国际和法律问题CASESESSION8.1电子商务：与生俱来的国际性信任Web电子商务中文化的重要性电子商务中的语言问题电子商务中的习俗和商业策略问题电子商务中的基础设施问题,SESSION8.2电子商务中的法律环境遵守法律法规管辖权权力影响力合法性Internet上的管辖权国际管辖权,Tutorial8,CASE,Tutorial8,SESSION8.1ElectronicCommerce:InternationalbyNature,Tutorial8,SESSION8.1ElectronicCommerce:InternationalbyNature,TrustontheWeb,BecauseWebsitevisitorswillnotbecomecustomersunlesstheycantrustthecompanybehindthesite,aplanforestablishingcredibilityisessential.SellersontheWebcannotassumethatvisitorswillknowthatatrustworthybusinessoperatesthesite.,除非能够信任站点背后的公司，否则网站的访问者永远不会成为该网站的客户这在客观上要求网站必须建立相应的信任机制。Web销售者不要想当然地认为访问者会了解是值得信任的商业机构在经营该网站。,Tutorial8,SESSION8.1ImportanceofCultureinElectronicCommerce,四个受到文化驱动的国际电子商务影响因素,Thefigureshowscultureasthedrivingforcebehindlanguage,customs,urn,acombinationofcustomsandbusinesspoliciesdetermineswhatkindoftechnologyinfrastructureagivencountrywillhave.,Tutorial8,SESSION8.1ImportanceofCultureinElectronicCommerce,LanguageIssuesinElectronicCommerce,Mostcompanieshaverealizedthattheonlywaytodobusinesseffectivelyinotherculturesistoadapttheirbusinesspoliciestothosecultures.Thephrase“thinkglobally,actlocally”isoftenusedtodescribethisapproach.ThefirststepthataWebbusinessusuallytakestoreachpotentialcustomersinothercountries,andthusinothercultures,istoprovidelocallanguageversionsofitsWebsite.,大多数公司已经意识到，要在不同的文化中有效地从事业务经营，惟一的方式是让自己的商业策略适应这些不同的文化。在谈到这种方法时经常可以听到“从全局着眼，从局部干起”的说法。web商业机构在将手伸到不同国家(亦即不同文化)的潜在客户时，它们首先要做的就是提供其网站的当地语言版本。通常，这将包括将网站翻译成不同的语言或地区方言。,Tutorial8,SESSION8.1ImportanceofCultureinElectronicCommerce,CustomsandBusinessPolicyIssuesinE-Commerce,Tutorial8,SESSION8.1ImportanceofCultureinElectronicCommerce,CustomsandBusinessPolicyIssuesinE-Commerce,Somepartsoftheworldhaveculturalenvironmentsthatareextremelyinhospitabletoelectroniccommerceinitiatives.世界上一些国家和地区的人文环境一开始时可能会极力排斥电子商务。,Althoughtheydonotbanelectroniccommerceentirely,somecountrieshavestrongculturalrequirementsthathavefoundtheirwayintothelegalcodesthatgovernbusinessconduct.对于些有很强的文化倾向的国家，尽管它们没有彻底禁止电子商务，但他们会在主管经营的法律规范中采取适当的措施。,Tutorial8,SESSION8.1ImportanceofCultureinElectronicCommerce,InfrastructureIssuesinElectronicCommerce,InternetinfrastructureincludesthecomputersandsoftwareconnectedtotheInternetandthecommunicationsnetworksoverwhichthemessagepacketstravel.Thecapacityandqualityofthiselectronicequipmentvariestremendouslyfromcountrytocountrythroughouttheworld.,Internet基础设施包括连接在Internet上的计算机和软件，以及用来传送信息数据包的通信网络。在世界各地的国家中，这些设施的容量和性能存在非常大的差异。,Tutorial8,SESSION8.2TheLegalEnvironmentofElectronicCommerce,CompliancewithLawsandRegulations,Web商业机构应该遵守那些适用于一切商业活动的法律和条例，否则它们会与其他商业机构一样面临一系列的处罚，包括罚救、赔偿损失，甚至其高级职员和所有者还会有蹲监狱的危险。,BusinessesoperatingontheWebmustcomplywiththesamelawsandregulationsthatgoverntheoperationsofallbusinesses.Iftheydonot,theyfacethesamesetofpenaltiesthatanybusinessfaces,includingfines,reparationpayments,andevenjailsentencesforofficersandowners.,Tutorial8,SESSION8.2TheLegalEnvironmentofElectronicCommerce,CompliancewithLawsandRegulations,Tutorial8,SESSION8.2TheLegalEnvironmentofElectronicCommerce,Jurisdiction,Acontract（合同）isanagreementbetweentwoormorelegalentitiespersonsorcorporationsthatprovidesforanexchangeofvaluegoods,services,ormoneybetweenoramongthem.,Theabilityofagovernmenttoexertcontroloverapersonorcorporationiscalledjurisdiction.政府对公众或公司行使控制的权力被称作管辖权。,Atort（侵权）isanactiontakenbyonelegalentitythatcausesharmtoanotherlegalentity.,Tutorial8,SESSION8.2TheLegalEnvironmentofElectronicCommerce,Power,文化对法律和道德方式的影响,Tutorial8,HOWGEOGRAPHICBOUNDARIESPROVIDETHEBASISFORLEGALBOUNDARIES,SESSION8.2TheLegalEnvironmentofElectronicCommerce,Tutorial8,地理分界线是怎样为法律分界线提供基础的,地理分界线,法律分界线,权力,对空间、人员和物体的控制,影响力,对近距离的人或事更为强烈,合法性,法律约束对象的授权,告知,人们必须了解自己要遵守的法律,SESSION8.2TheLegalEnvironmentofElectronicCommerce,Tutorial8,SESSION8.2TheLegalEnvironmentofElectronicCommerce,JurisdictionontheInternet,由于Internet上不存在任何意义的地理分界线，所以与在现灾世界相比，要在Internet上建立管辖权会更加困难。,EstablishingjurisdictionismuchmoredifficultontheInternetthanitisinthephysicalworldbecausegeographicboundariesdonotexistinanymeaningfulsense.,Tutorial8,SESSION8.2TheLegalEnvironmentofElectronicCommerce,InternationalJurisdiction,与美国国内管理跨州对人管辖权的规则相比，由国际贸易引发的管辖权问题显得更为错综复杂。要管理跨国管辖权的行使，将涉及国与国之间达成的协议。,JurisdictionissuesthatariseininternationalbusinessareevenmorecomplexthantherulesgoverningpersonaljurisdictionacrossstatelineswithintheUnitedStates.Treatiesbetweenthecountriesinvolvedgoverntheexerciseofjurisdictionacrossinternationalborders.,Tutorial8,QUICKCHECK8,(1)TrueorFalse:Whenacompanyopensanonlinestore,itbecomesaninternationalbusinessimmediately.,(2)Whataretwothingsthatmostcustomersandcompaniesmustshareinorderforcustomerstotrustthecompanieswithwhichtheyconductbusiness?,(3)Cultureisthedrivingforcebehind,and.,(4)WhyareimagesofflagsnotagoodwaytodenotelinkstoWebpagesinalternativelanguages?,(5)Softwaretranslationisapproximatelytimesfasterthanhumantranslation.,(6)Firmsthatprovidelanguagetranslationservice