同位语从句详细讲解

AppositiveClause,Grammar,Readthefollowingsentencesandpayattentiontotheunderlinedparts.,1Theirfriend,DannyLin,waswaitingattheairport.,2Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.,3HetoldmethathisbrotherJohnwasaworld-famousdoctor.,4Thenewsthattheyhadwonthebasketballgamesoonspreadthewholeschool,当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等的位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者叫做后者的同位语。作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词的具体内容。,Whatkindofnounclausesarethey?,Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.IdontknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.HistroubleisthathedoesntknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句,Findouttheappositiveclausefromthereadingtext.,Thethoughtthattheycouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting.SomepeoplehavetheideathatyoucancrossCanadainlessthanfivedays,buttheyforgetthefactthatCanadais5500kilometresfromcoasttocoast.ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatLakes.,that引导同位语从句,(1)Thenewsthatourteamwonthefirstprizeexcitedallofus.我们队得了第一名，这消息使我们都很兴奋。(2)Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.(3)ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.,如果同位语从句意义完整应用that引导同位语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何具体意思，一般不省略。,1.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.2.Thequestionwhoshouldgoabroadrequiredconsideration.3.Heoftenaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.4.Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike.,除that外，其余连词在从句中都具有各自的意义或成分。if不可以引导同位语从句。,注意啦！!,大家注意啦！,同位语从句与定语从句区别:,（1）定语从句是从句对其先行词或前面整个句子的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如:,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句限制或修饰news,说明到底是哪个news.),辨析：,(2)从引导词来看引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略；that在定语从句中是关系代词，除了起连接作用，它在从句中充当一定成分主语或宾语，作宾语时还可以省略。,Thefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.（factory在从句中作visited的宾语,也就是说that指代factory在从句中作宾语，可以省略）ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.（that只起连接作用，不做成分，一般不可以省略),（3）当when,where,why和how引导同位语从句时为连接副词，虽在句中充当成分，但前面没有与其意义相当的先行词。而在定语从句中它们为关系副词，在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因及方式意义的先行词。例如：,Hewillneverforgetthedayswhenhelivedwithhisgrandparents.他永远不会忘记和祖父母一起生活的日子Hehasnoideawhenthemeetingwillbeheld.他不知道会议将何时举行,定语从句,同位语从句,（4）同位语从句的先行词极为有限，多为抽象名词，如,fact,idea,reason,thought,order,doubt,news,hope,truth,belief,suggestion,advice,view,promise,request,proposal提议/建议,demand,question,(5)同位语从句的简易判断方法同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的同位语关系。所以，可以在名词和从句之间加系动词be，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。ThenewsthatwellgoonapicnicthisSundayisnttrue.这个星期天我们要去野餐的消息不是真的。ThenewsisthatwellgoonapicnicthisSunday.Thenewsthatyouveheardisnttrue.你听到的这个消息不是真的。Thenewsisthatyouveheard.,TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.Thehope(that)sheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.,Letshaveatryatonce,同位语从句：theywouldcometovisitChina对hope进行具体的说明。,定语从句：hope充当express的宾语。,II.判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。Thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld.ThatsthebestpieceofnewsIveheard.,同,定,Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolsoundsunreasonable.,Hehassolvedtheproblemwhytheradiodidntworkwell.,定,同,I.在空格处填上适当的词，使下列定语从句和同位语从句完整。,Thenews_ourclasshadwonthefootballmatchwasveryexciting.Thisisthemountainvillage_Istayedlastyear.3.Thepersonto_youspokeisafamousactor.,where,练习坊,that,