成人高考英语复习：基本句式

wellcome,Lesson15基础知识复习-基本句式,1,英语成人高考复习指导,3,概述句子根据功能划分可分为四种基本句式：陈述句；疑问句；祈使句；感叹句。,4,陈述事实或看法的句子称为陈述句。陈述句又可分为肯定句和否定句，分别陈述肯定和否定的事实或看法。,Part1:陈述句,5,肯定句,陈述句在肯定事实时采用不同程度的肯定口气。人们在肯定某项事实时往往采用一些委婉的词语，使说话人的态度更有礼貌。上一章中的例句大多为肯定陈述句，在此不多讲。,6,否定句,否定陈述句主要用来表示否定意向或提出对比，分为带否定词not的否定句和带其他否定词的否定句。,7,否定句的构成,1、在功能词后加否定词not：这样的功能词有：be(is,am,are,was,were),have(has,had),do(does,did),shall(should),will(would),can(could),may(might),must,ought,need,dare等。Ihavenot/haventsaidsuchfoolishwordsbefore.Hedoesnot/doesntmeantohurtyourfeeling.,8,Note:,上述功能词可与否定词not缩写，其缩写形式分别如下：isnt,arent,wasnt,werent,havent,hasnt,hadnt,dont,doesnt,didnt,shant=(shallnot),shouldnt,wont=(willnot),wouldnt,cant,couldnt,maynt(少用),mightnt,mustnt,oughtnt,neednt,darent等。,9,Note:,这些功能词有的也可与主语缩写，其缩写形式分别如下：m=(am),s=(is,has),re=(are),ve=(have),d=(had,would),ll=(shall,will)等。Ivenotsaidsuchfoolishwordsbefore.,10,否定句的构成,2、若谓语动词中原无功能词，则加特殊功能词do,does,did。Thismaterialconductselectricity.Thismaterialdoesnotconductelectricity.Shewenttheretoseehimveryoften.Shedidnotgotheretoseehimveryoften.,11,否定句的构成,3、在句中使用其他否定否定词：否定副词hardly,never,seldom,little,neither,nor,nowhere等,否定的不定代词nobody,none,noone,nothing,neither,few,little,no等。Nohonestmanwouldlie.Ineversmoke.Ididnothingtobeashamedof.Itwillgetyounowhere.(那会使你徒劳无功),12,否定句的构成,4、非肯定词的使用：否定句和各种疑问句中通常要使用表示否定意义的非肯定词：any,anyone,anybody,anything,anywhere,either,ever,yet,anymore,anylonger,atall等。Idontthinktheresanythingwrongwithanybodyelse.Shelittlethoughtthathewoulddoanyharmtoher.,13,Note:,相应的肯定句中则要使用肯定词：some,someone,somebody,something,somewhere,aswell,sometimes,already,still等。Ithinktheressomethingwrongwithsomebodyelse.Shedidthinkthathewoulddosomeharmtoher.,14,Note：,把肯定句改成否定句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果有也必须进行改变：already要改成yet；some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。Theyhadsomeancient-lookingclotheskeptintheattic(阁楼).Theydidnot/didnthave/hadnot/hadntanyancient-lookingclotheskeptintheattic.,15,Note：,另外,肯定句改成否定句的时候还要注意以下变化：too改成either；both改成neither,all改成none等.AlloftheengineersinourcompanycanspeakverygoodFrench.NoneoftheengineersinourcompanycanspeakverygoodFrench.Bothofthemaregoodstudent.Neitherofthemisgoodstudent.,16,肯定句中功能词must做情态动词使用时，变否定句要根据语义情况改成neednt或cant。Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththeengineofhercar.Therecantbeanythingwrongwiththeengineofhercar.Youmustbuyanewhousesomewhereforyoutoliveinthefuture.Youneedntbuyanynewhouseanywhereforyoutoliveinthefuture.,Note:,17,Note:,（1）肯定句含有every-的合成词时，变否定句时改为no-。EverythingisreadyNothingisready（2）肯定句中含有always，usually和ever时，变否定句时改为never。HeisalwayslateforschoolHeisneverlateforschool（3）肯定句含有many，much时，变否定句时分别改为few，little。ManystudentsknowhimFewstudentsknowhim,Note:,（4）肯定句中含有still时，变否定句时应改为nolonger。TomisstillinbedTomisnolongerinbed（5）肯定句含有nearly，almost时，变否定句时应改为hardly。LilynearlyknowshimLilyhardlyknowshim（6）肯定句含有“形容词enough”时，变为否定句时应改为“too形容词的反义词”。HeisshortenoughtoreachitHeistootalltoreachit,EXERCISE:将肯定陈述句变为否定陈述句,1.Someofushavefinisheditalready.,2.Itoldsomebodysomething.,3.Icanunderstandbothofthesetwoquestions.,4.Thereissomeonedoingresearchinthisfield.,5.Ihavequitealottodointhemorning.,Someofushavenotfinishedityet.,Ididnttellanybodyanything.,Icannotunderstandeitherofthesetwoquestions,Thereisntanybodydoingresearchinthisfield.,Ineverhavemuchtodointhemorning.,20,疑问句是指提出问题，请对方回答的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。按结构可分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。,Part2:疑问句,21,一般疑问句,一般疑问句是用yes或no回答的问句，故也可称为“yes-no”疑问句（是否型疑问句）。一般疑问句句末用升调或降升调，答话者用功能词简略回答。,22,一般疑问句的构成,谓语动词中原来有功能词时将功能词移至句首；原来无功能词时，则在句首加特殊功能词do,does,did。,23,1、含有be动词的一般疑问句,通常把be动词调到句首。陈述句:Theyareintheswimmingpool.一般疑问句:Aretheyintheswimmingpool?回答：-Yes,theyare.-No,theyarent.,一般疑问句的构成,24,2、含有情态动词的一般疑问句(can,may.),把情态动词调到句首。陈述句:Hecandriveacar.一般疑问句:Canhedriveacar?回答：-Yes,hecan.-No,hecant.,一般疑问句的构成,3、含有have的一般疑问句,have译为“有”。一般疑问句式有两种形式:A.把have/has调到句首。陈述句:Tommyhasacomputer.一般疑问句:HasTommy/heacomputer?回答：-Yes,hehas.-No,hehasnt.,一般疑问句的构成,B.加助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其他人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does+主语+have.?例如上句可变为:陈述句:Tommyhasacomputer.一般疑问句：DoesTommyhaveacomputer?回答：-Yes,hedoes.-No,hedoesnt.,一般疑问句的构成,4、一般现在时中实义动词（句中无功能词）做谓语的一般疑问句,要借助助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其它?陈述句:AmyspeaksEnglish.一般疑问句:DoesAmyspeakEnglish?回答：-Yes,hedoes.-No,hedoesnt.,一般疑问句的构成,5、一般过去时中实义动词（句中无功能词）做谓语的一般疑问句,要借助助动词did,其句型为:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?陈述句:Shelikedanimalsinthepast.一般疑问句:Didshelikeanimalsinthepast？回答：-Yes,hedid.-No,hedidnt.,一般疑问句的构成,29,Note:,一般现在时和一般过去时的句子加助动词变为一般疑问句时，不要忘记把谓语动词改为动词原形。如主语为第一人称，应将其改为第二人称。ShelikedanimalsinthepastDidshelikeanimalsinthepast？WewenttotheexhibitionlastweekDidyougototheexhibitionlastweek？,30,6、复合句变一般疑问句通常只变主句，从句不变。IknowhecomesfromCanada.DoyouknowhecomesfromCanada?-Yes,Ido.-No,Idont.,一般疑问句的构成,31,Note：,在把肯定句改成一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有already、some、something、somebody等词，如果有某些情况下也必须进行改变：already要改成yet；some、something、somebody等分别改成any、anything、anybody等。Thereissomewaterontheplayground.Isthereanywaterontheplayground?,32,Note：,一般情况下,一般疑问句肯定句中用some,否定和疑问句中用any.Idbeenexpectingsomelettersthewholemorning,buttherewerentanyforme.Doyouhaveanyfriendsatschool?但在一些疑问句中表示很委婉的请求，建议，或者如果问句是希望得到肯定回答，或邀请别人吃东西，则用some,不用any。Wouldyoulikesomeapples?Wouldyoulikesomemilk?CanIaskyousomequestions?,一般疑问句的回答,一般疑问句往往采用简短回答，共由三部分（三个单词）组成：1.第一个词：不是Yes就是No。2.第二个词：问谁答谁。即答语中的主语须与问句的主语一致（但必须用主格代词）。Note:如果主语是thisthat,回答时用it代替，如果问句中主语these,those,回答时用they代替.3.第三个词：用什么问，用什么答。即沿用问句中的引导词。Doesshecleanherroomeveryday?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.,34,Note:,用may引导的问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用cant或mustnt;用must引导的问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt.MayIgototheparknow?Yes,youmay./No,youmustnt.MustIwashmyclothesnow?Yes,youmust./No,youneednt.,35,Note：,need,dare这两个动词既可以做情态动词又可以做行为动词。做情态动词时，变一般疑问句可直接将它们移到句首；做行为动词时，则用Do的适当的形式提问。用need的问句，肯定回答时用must，否定回答时，用neednt。NeedIcomeheretomorrow?Yes,youmust./No,youneednt.Ineedtogotoschoolnow.Doyouneedtogotoschoolnow?Dareyoutellyourfatheraboutit?Doyoudaretogooutatnight?,36,一般疑问句的其他回答,一般疑问句有时不用yes或no回答。Aretheyintownnow？Ithinkso.MayIsithere？CertainlyDoeshelikefootball？SorryIdontknow,37,否定的一般疑问句,表示说话者惊讶、怀疑、失望、烦恼等表情。Not常与功能词缩写置于句首，也可不缩写，还可单独置于主语之后。Dontthey/Dotheynotcarewhatshesays?-No,theydont,38,否定的一般疑问句,否定疑问句有时表示暗示提问者，并期待着肯定的回答：Shouldntwestartnow？我们现在是不是该动身了？Wasntitaninterestingfilm？那部电影是不是很有趣？,39,否定的一般疑问句,否定疑问句有时用来表示邀请或建议：Wouldntyouliketogowithme？你不想和我一块儿去吗？Wontyouhaveacupofcoffee？你不喝杯咖啡吗？,40,否定一般疑问句的回答,否定的一般疑问句要根据实际情况回答。内容是肯定的，就用yes（含义为“不”，后接肯定结构）,内容是否定的，就用no（含义为“是”，后接否定结构）.这与汉语中的习惯答案不同。AreyounotMr.Smith？你不是史密斯先生吗？Yes，Iam.不，我是。No，Iamnot.是的，我不是。Haventyoureadthisbookbefore？你从前没有读过这本书吗？Yes，Ihave.不，我读过。No，Ihavent.是的，我没有。,41,疑问句非肯定词的使用,一般疑问句（肯定句和否定句）中通常要使用一些表示否定意义的所谓非肯定词。Canyourememberanyadvicehegavetoyou?Cantyourememberanyadvicehegavetoyou?,42,疑问句肯定词的使用,一般疑问句（肯定句和否定句）中也可用肯定词，表示说话者对所问内容有一定的把握，期望得到的是肯定的答复。Canyouremembersomeadvicehegavetoyou?Cantyouremembersomeadvicehegavetoyou?,43,Exercises:,将下列陈述句变成一般疑问句：1.Sheworealongwhitedressonherbirthdaypartylastyear.Didshewearalongwhitedressonherbirthdaypartylastyear?2.Somebodyhasalreadytakentherubbishawayfromtheclassroom.Hasanybodytakentherubbishawayfromtheclassroomyet?3.Theywilldosomethingspecialtomakethemusicaleveningmoresuccessful.Willtheydoanythingspecialtomakethemusicaleveningmoresuccessful?4.Theymusthavealreadycarriedouttheirproductionplanforthisyearaheadoftime.Cantheyhavealreadycarriedouttheirproductionplanforthisyearaheadoftime?,44,特殊疑问句,特殊疑问句是用特殊疑问词就句中某一部分提问的问句，句末用降调或低升调，答问者针对特殊疑问词回答。特殊疑问句也可称为“wh”-questions，因为它们多数都以who，whom，whose，what，which，where，when，how，why等这类词开头。,45,特殊疑问词,分为两类：疑问代词和疑问副词。疑问代词：who(谁，作主语)whom(谁，作宾语)whose(谁的)what(什么)which(哪个)疑问副词：when(何时)how(怎样，如何)why(为什么)where(哪里),46,特殊疑问词,其他：Howold:多大,询问年龄Howmuch/many:多少,询问数量Howfar:多远,询问距离Howlong:多长、多久,询问时间的长度或距离Howoften:多长时间一次,询问频率Howsoon:多久,询问时间,47,特殊疑问句的结构一般为：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句；即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),特殊疑问句的结构,48,特殊疑问词对主语及其定语提问时用陈述语序。Tomisintheroom.Whoisintheroom？Thisgirlwillbeinthesportsmeeting.Whichgirlwillbeinthesportsmeeting？Thecomputerisintheteachersroom.Whatisintheteachersroom？,特殊疑问句的语序,49,特殊疑问词对其他成分提问时用倒装语序。即：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句【特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）】Icanseeadoginthepicture.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture？Shewillreturnattenoclock.Whenwillshereturn？HecomesfromChina.Wheredoeshecomefrom？,特殊疑问句的语序,50,Note：,特殊疑问词后可加ever,onearth,intheworld,just等使句子带惊讶、愤怒等感情色彩。Howevershallwegetthere?我们究竟如何到达那里？Whatonearthwouldyouliketodo?你到底想做什么？,51,疑问词作介词宾语时的位置,疑问词作介词宾语时的位置：介词可置于句末，或疑问词前（正式语体中）。Who(Whom)didyougiveitto?(or):Towhomdidyougiveit?Bywhomisthebookwritten？(or):whomisthebookwrittenby?,52,但有时介词通常置于疑问词前：如表示时间关系的介词at,since,during,till等与疑问词关系密切不可分开的介词。Atwhattimewillthetrainstart?(不说:Whattimewillthetrainstartat?)Sincewhenhaveyoulivedhere？,Note:,53,而有的介词通常置于句末：如like等。Whatdoeshishouselooklike?(不说:Likewhatdoeshishouselook?),Note:,54,回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yesno，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。在回答时，可以用一个词或词组，也可以用一个较为完整的句子。Whohasborrowedmybike？-Jack.-Jackhasborrowedyourbike.Whereishe？-Attheoffice.-Heisattheoffice.,特殊疑问句的回答,55,对画线部分进行提问:1Theyboughtanewbikeyesterday.2Sheisanurse.3Iamlookingformysister.4Igetupatsix.5IamfromHubei.6IwenttoschoollatebecauseIgotuplate.7.Iamgettingonwellwithit.8.Iwashittwiceaweek.9.Hewillbebackinfourdays.10.IdidntcometoclassyesterdaybecauseIwasill.,Exercises:,Whatdidtheybuyyesterday？,Whatisshe？,Whoisshe?,Whendoyougetup?,Whereareyoufrom?,Whyareyoulate?,Howareyougettingonwithit?,Howoftendoyouwashit?,Howsoonwillhebeback?,Whydidntyoucometoclassyesterday?,56,Exercises:,1.-Excuseme_isthenearestbookshop?-Godownthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcorner?A.howB.whatC.whereD.who2.-_isatickerforthefilmHackerHe?-AboutfortyYuan.A.HowoldB.HowmanyC.HowmuchD.Howoften3.-_areyougoing?Imgoingtothelibrary.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhatD.Where4.Itsanicecar._haveyoubeeninit?-JusttoShanghai.A.HowmuchB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.Howfar5._?Itseight.A.WhatdayisitB.WhatsfiveandthreeC.HowoldareyouD.Whatsyourtelephonenumber6._?Ivegotaheadacheandacough.A.WhatsyourtroubleB.WhatswrongwithitC.CanIhelpyouD.Howareyou,C,C,D,D,B,A,57,7._teadidyouhave?-Twocups.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowsoonD.Which8._shallwemeetinthepark?-Whatabouthalfpasteight?A.WhatB.WhenC.WhereD.,Which9._ayeardoesyourschoolhavesportsmeetings?-Twiceayear.A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.Howmanytimes10._?-Theonebehindthetree.A.WhosegirlB.WhosthatgirlC.WhichgirlD.Wheresthegirl11._areyougoingtobeinthefuture?-Iwanttobeaperson_-YangLiwei.A.How,likeB.How,asC.What,likeD.What,as12._willyourfatherbeback?.AHowlongBhowoftenCHowsoonDHowwide,Exercises:,A,B,A,C,C,C,58,反意疑问句,反意疑问句是在句子后附加一简短的一般疑问句构成的问句，用以要求对方判断或证实所陈述之事。因此，反意疑问句又称附加疑问句，常用于口语。反意疑问句句末用升调时，表示说话者对所说内容把握不大，希望对方做出判断；句末用降调时，表示说话者对所说内容有一定的把握，仅希望对方加以证实。答话者用功能词简略回答。,59,反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是附加的一简短问句，中间用逗号隔开。反意疑问句一般前后两部分意思相反，如果陈述句是肯定句式，附加问句用否定句式；如果陈述句是否定式，附加问句用肯定句式（前肯后否，前否后肯）。反意疑问句附加问句一般为“be动词（助动词、情态动词）+代词”构成。,反意疑问句,60,陈述句+一般疑问句：如句中有功能词，后部分为：功能词（同前面部分谓语动词中者）+人称代词（代替前面主语）。Theforeignercanunderstandwhatyoumean,canthe?Theforeignercantunderstandwhatyoumean,canhe?,反意疑问句的几种类型,61,陈述句+一般疑问句：如句子谓语动词中无功能词，后部分则为：用特殊功能词do,does,did（视人称和时态而定）+人称代词（代替前面主语）。Thewomanoftenoffershelptothem,doesntshe?Thewomanneveroffershelptothem,doesshe?,反意疑问句的几种类型,62,Note:,句中有hardly，seldom，rarely，no，nothing，never，little，few，nobody，nowhere，barely，neither，tooto等表示否定意义的词时也是否定句，反意部分要用肯定式。Youwillneverforgetit,willyou？Theyhardlyknewanythingaboutit,didthey?Thereisnothingonthetable，isthere？Shehasfewfriends，doesshe？,63,Note:,如果陈述句中的否定式仅带有否定词缀（前缀或后缀），则将其看成肯定句，反意问句一般仍用否定式。Heisunfitforhisjob，isnthe？他并不适合他的工作，是吗？Thatsunfair，isntit？那是不公平的，对吗？,64,感叹句+一般疑问句：通常为前肯定后否定，后部分构成与陈述句一致,句末读降调。Whatabeautifulcity(itis),isntit?,反意疑问句的几种类型,65,第二人称祈使句+一般疑问句：后部分多为wont/will/can/cantyou。Pleaseposttheletterforme,wont/cant/will/canyou?,反意疑问句的几种类型,66,第一人称祈使句+一般疑问句：后部分多为shallwe。Letsgivehimawordortwoofadvice,shallwe?,反意疑问句的几种类型,67,反意疑问句的回答,反意疑问句的答语应根据实际情况确定：内容是肯定的，就用yes,内容是否定的，则用no。但是要注意时态及代词的呼应。Sheisyourteacher,isntshe？Yes,sheis.是的，她是。No,sheisnt.不，她不是。Lileigetsupatsixinthemorning,doesnthe？Yes,heis.是的，他是。No,heisnt.不，他不是。,68,反意疑问句的回答,当前面句子为否定时，要注意yes含义为“不”，no含义为“是”。Shecantswim,canshe？她不会游泳，对吗？Yes,shecan.不，她会。No,shecant.是的，她不会。Sheisntyourteacher,isshe？她不是你的老师，对吧？Yes,sheis.不，她是。No,sheisnt.是的，她不是。,69,一些特殊句式的反意疑问句,1、陈述句是Iam结构，反意问句用arentI或amnotI;Imright，arentI？我是正确的，对吗？Imlate，amnotI？我迟到了，是吗？2、如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this，that时，疑问句的主语用it，谓语单数；如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词these，those，则疑问句的主语用they，谓语用复数;Thisisveryimportant，isntit？这是非常重要的，是吗？Thosearecups，arentthey？这些是茶杯，是吗？,70,一些特殊句式的反意疑问句,3、陈述句的主语是不定代词时，如果是表示物的everything，anything，something，nothing时，反意问句的主语用it，谓语动词用单数；如果是表示人的everybody，everyone，somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，noone时，反意问句的主语可用they，也可用he，谓语动词用相应的单、复数。Nothingisserious，isit？没什么严重的，是吗？Noonewashurt，werethey？没有人受伤，是吗？EverybodyknowswhatIsaid，dontthey？Everyoneknowshisjob，doesnthe？,71,一些特殊句式的反意疑问句,4、如果陈述部分以不定代词one作主语,附加疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one,在非正式场合用you;Onecantbetoocareful,canone(you)?最认真不过如此了,是吗?5、陈述句中的谓语动词是therebe，后边的疑问部分也用therebe形式；Thereisanappleonthetable，isntthere？Thereresometreesontheisland，arentthere？,72,一些特殊句式的反意疑问句,6、陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式或动名词时，疑问部分的主语用it，谓语用单数；Whatyousaidiswrong，isntit？TolearnEnglishwellisnteasy，isit？PracticingspeakingEnglisheverymorningwilldoyougood,wontit？7、陈述句谓语动词是wish，表示征求意见时，反意问句用may；Iwishtohaveanotherpieceofcake，mayI？Iwishtogohomenow，mayI？,一些特殊句式的反意疑问句,8、陈述句中的谓语动词为have/hasto/hadto时，其疑问部分的谓语动词应用dont/doesnt/didnt；Hehastogetupatfourtomorrow，doesnthe？Theyhadtoleaveearly，didntthey？9、陈述句中的谓语动词为usedto时，其疑问部分的谓语动词有两种形式；HeusedtoliveinLondon，usednthe/didnthe？Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar，usedntthere/didntthere？,一些特殊句式的反意疑问句,10、陈述句中的谓语动词是oughtto，则疑问部分的谓语动词通常用ought/oughtnt代替；Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed，oughtthey？Heoughttobepunished，oughtnthe？Weoughttogo，oughtwenot？weoughttogo，shouldwenot？,一些特殊句式的反意疑问句,11、当陈述部分有dare或need时，若dare和need为实义动词，疑问部分的谓语动词用do的适当形式；若dare和need为情态动词，疑问部分用dare或need构成；Weneedtodoit，dontwe？Youdarentgothere，dareyou？12、主从复合句的附加问句:(1)复合句的反意疑问句一般是根据主句的主语和谓语形式构成反意疑问部分的；Hesaidthatwewerehappy，didnthe？,一些特殊句式的反意疑问句,12、(2)复合句的主句是Ithink（expect，suppose，believe，suspect，imagine）时，附加问句要根据主句而定，主语是第一人称时，要根据从句而定，主语为第二、三人称时，与主句保持一致，并且要注意否定的转移；Isupposeheisserious，isnthe？Youthinksheisagoodteacher，dontyou？Ibelievehecanfindhermothernowhere，canhe？Iexpecttheywillwinthematch，wontthey？Yourbrotherthinksyoucandothejobwell，doesnthe？Idontthinkheisthesuitablemanforthejob，ishe？,一些特殊句式的反意疑问句,13、并列复句的反意疑问句：这种反意疑问句，其疑问部分一般与最接近的分句的主、谓语保持一致。Wemuststartatonceorwecantgetthereontime，canwe？Heisateacherbuthiswifeisntateacher，isshe？,一些特殊句式的反意疑问句,14、含有情态动词must的句子：1）若陈述句中强调对现在的情况的推测，疑问部分用arent/isnt+主语；Youmustbetired，arentyou？2）陈述句中谓语动词是musthave+过去分词时，若陈述句中强调过去情况的推测（一般有过去时间状语），疑问部分的谓语动词用didnt+主语；Hemusthavemetheryesterday，didnthe？,一些特殊句式的反意疑问句,14、含有情态动词must的句子：3）若陈述句中强调动作的完成，疑问部分的谓语动词用havent/hasnt+主语；Youmusthaveseenthefilm，haventyou？4）若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时，附加疑问句的部分则用neednt；Youmustgohomerightnow，needntyou？5）当mustnt表示禁止时，附加疑问部分一般用may；Youmustntwalkongrass，mayyou？,80,Exercises：,1.Idontthinkthatthenecklaceismadeofdiamond,_?A.doIB.doyouC.isntitD.isit2.Hiswifehadthecarpetsandthecurtainscleaned,_?A.hadntB.hadC.didntsheD.didshe3.Itsmysonsweddingnextweek,andIhavetodomybestforthat,_?A.haventIB.dontIC.dontheD.isntit4.Harrywouldntbecomeateacherifithadntbeenfortheholiday,_?A.wouldheB.haditC.woulditD.hadhe5.Noonelefthereyesterday,_?A.didnttheyB.didtheyC.didntoneD.didone6.Birdsrarelybuildnestsinourgarden,_?A.donttheyB.dotheyC.didnttheyD.didthey7.YoumusthavebeentotheGreatWall,_?A.mustntyouB.haventyouC.arentyouD.mustyou8.learninghowtorepairmotorstakesalongtime,_?A.doesntitB.donttheyC.doesitD.dothey9.Theymusthavestayedathomelastnight,_?A.mustnttheyB.haventtheyC.didnttheyD.mustthey10.Ifeellikegoingtothecinematonight,_?A.dontIB.dontyouC.doID.doyou,D,C,B,A,B,B,B,A,C,D,81,11.Letsstartoutearlytomorrowmorning,_?A.shallweB.willyouC.doyouD.cantyou12.Theresnotmuchnewsintodaysnewspaper,_?A.isntitB.isitC.isntthereD.isthere13.Theyneedourhelpbadlyatthemoment,_?A.neednttheyB.needtheyC.donttheyD.dothey14.Sheisunfitfortheposition,_?A.issheB.isntsheC.doesntsheD.doesshe15.IwishtovisitAmerica,_?A.dontIB.canIC.mayID.mayyou16.Shesbeenaworkerhereformanyyears,_?A.isntsheB.issheC.hasntsheD.hasshe17.Whatbeautifulflowers,_?A.arenttheyB.aretheyC.isntitD.isit18.Motherusedtoliveinapoorvillage,_?A.usedsheB.usedntsheC.didntheD.didhe19.Youdbettergoatonce,_?A.wouldntyouB.hadyouC.hadntyouD.shouldyou20.IamveryinterestedinMarkTwainsnovels,_?A.arentIB.amnotIC.arentyouD.areyou,Exercises：,A,D,A,B,C,C,A,B,C,A,82,选择疑问句,选择疑问句是问话者提供两个或两个以上答案供对方择一回答的问句。供选择的最后一个答案用降调，其他答案用升调。选择疑问句一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由or连接。,83,1、一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句（往往为省略形式）。择一回答。-Isitstillrainingorhasitshopped?-Itsstillraining.-Haveyouoryourparentsbeenthereonce?-Myparents.-Aretheyreading，chattingorwatchingtelevision？-Watchingtelevision.,选择疑问句的几种类型,84,选择疑问句的几种类型,2、特殊疑问句+省略的选择疑问句，择一回答。-Whoisreadingthere,JackorTom?-Tom.-Whatcolorisit，red，blueoryellow？-Red.-Whereareyougoing，totheclassroomortothelibrary？-Tothelibrary.,85,选择疑问句的几种类型,3、肯定的一般疑问句+ornot(或相应的否定式)。用yes或no回答。-Haveyousenttheletterornot/haventyou?-Yes,Ihave.-Doyouwanttobuyitornot？-No,Idont.-Areyoureadyornot？-Yes,Iam.,86,选择疑问句的答语必须是完整的句子或其省略式（肯定的一般疑问句+ornot或相应的否定式除外），不能用yes或no。Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?Coffee.ShallwewatchTVorgototheconcert？Idprefertogototheconcert.,选择疑问句的答语,87,Exercise：,完成下列各句：1.Didheusetobeacommonsoldieror(军官)beforegoingtouniversity?Heusedtobeacommonsoldier.2.DidtheylearntheirFrenchabroador(在国内)?TheylearnttheirFrenchinFrancewhentheywereworkingthere.3.Doyouteachor(工作)inthiscollege?-Neither.Imastudentinthiscollege.4.Haveyoustayedinthishotelforlongor(刚到)?-No,wehavent.Wehavejustarrived.,work,anofficer,athome,not/haventyou,88,Part3:祈使句,Turnleft!,GuessingGame,Turnright!,GuessingGame,Walkonthezebracrossing!,GuessingGame,GuessingGame,Dontsmoke!Nosmoking!,GuessingGame,Dontplayfootball!,GuessingGame,Dontparkyourcar!,GuessingGame,Donteat!,GuessingGame,Dontpicktheflowers!,Goupstairs!,Gue