情态动词用法小结

情态动词学习目标：理解并掌握情态动词的意义；正确区分易混情态动词的用法,情态动词,表示推测,不表示推测,4组）can/could,may/might,shall/should,will/would4对）haveto,hadbetter,oughtto,usedto3个）must,need,dare,mustneedshould,情态动词表必要性,WemustlearnEnglishwell.Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.Thenewlawstatesthatpeoplemustntdriveafterdrinkingalcohol.,必须,偏偏;非要,禁止；不允许,【2012全国】I_useaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixoclockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.A.couldntB.mustntC.shouldntD.needntneed表需要和必须常用于否定句和疑问句dare“敢”用于肯定、否定和疑问句中情态needntdoNeed?daredodarentdoDaredo?实义needtododontneedtodoDoneedtodo?daretododontdaretodoDaretodo?,dontneedtodo,should“应该”表示劝告、建议、命令Youshouldkeepyourpromise.Youshouldgoandvisithimthisafternoon.Icantbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.should“理应”“情理之中”-WhenshallIcomeandgetmyphotos?-Theyshouldbereadyat2:00tomorrowafternoon.,“居然，竟然”,Ican/amabletoswim.Icould/wasabletoclimbatreewhenIwasachild.Iwillbeabletoswimnextweek.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.,1.can表示现在的能力,2.could表示过去的能力,3.beableto表能力，可用于多种时态,4.beableto强调成功地做了某事,情态动词表能力,shallwill、would,情态动词表请求、允许,1.征求意见（1，3人称）疑问句Shallwegobytrain,Mom?Shallhesithere?2.允诺、警告、命令或威胁等（2，3人称）陈述句-IsBlakestillabsentfromclass?-Ithinkheshallbepunishedifhegoesonwithit.3.条约，规定Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentshallwearschooluniformwhileatschool.,law;rule;regulation,Heusedtobeaquietboy.(usedto着重与现在的对比)Hewouldgototheseasideasachild.(would只表示过去某段时间经常做某事，不涉及现在的情况),will/would,2.表示个人主观意愿。Comewheneveryouwill.Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,butwouldntsaywherehewas.Shewouldgetupearlylastyear.,“过去常常”,1.用于向第二人称，征求对方意见。Would/Willyoupleaseopenthedoor?,couldhavedoneshould/oughttohavedoneshouldnthavedoneneednthavedonemusthavedonemight/mayhavedonecanthavedone,情态动词+havedone,本可以做；可能了,本该做，而没做,本不该做，而做了,We_haveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewontbewithusfordinner.We_thedifficultytogether,butwhydidntyoutellme?注:mustnthavedone/canhavedone英语中无此结构,neednt,couldhavefaced,一定做了吧(表推断),可能做了吧(表推断),不必要做却做了.,不可能做了.(表推断),-Imsorry.I_atyoutheotherday.-Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldntshoutB.shouldnthaveshoutedC.mustntshoutD.mustnthaveshouted,1.-Listen!Someoneisknockingatthedoor.-It_beMary;shehasjustleftforGuangzhou.A.mustntB.cantC.needntD.maynot2.-Icantfindmypurseanywhere.-You_havelostitwhileshopping.A.mayB.canC.needD.would,Itsnearlyeightoclock.Imusthangupandgetdowntowork.Myboss_behereatanymoment.2.Its10pm.She_beathomenow.,should,should,ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit_berathercoldsometimes.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would,（用于肯定句表示“一时的可能”-偶尔；有时）,Thechildrenmusthavewateredthetomatoesyesterday,_they,TheministermusthavearrivedinShanghai,_hehe,didnt,hasnt,Youcantbeserious,_you?,are,拓展,1.【2012湖南】Sorry，Iamtoobusynow.IfI_time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had2.【2012安徽】GracedoesntwanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe_there,shewouldntbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.livesB.wouldliveC.haslivedD.weretolive3.【2012天津】WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHarold_usaridehome.A.didntofferB.wouldntofferC.hasntofferedD.hadntoffered,lived;shouldlive,【2012浙江】19.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they_secondthoughts.A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad_Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were_theEnglishexamination,IwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor【2012福建】31.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe_moreplacesofinterestyesterday.A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisited,TheEnd,（三）几种特殊的虚拟语气熟读深思1.IwishIhadbeenwithyouyesterday.要是我昨天跟你们在一起就好了。2.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.但愿我能像鸟一样飞。3.IfonlyIcouldflylikeabird.要是我能像鸟一样能飞就好了。4.LiMingspeaksEnglishasifhewereanAmerican.李明讲英语就像一个美国人。5.Itistimethatwemade/shouldmakeadecision.是我们作出决定的时候了。6.Itisstrangethathe(should)haveactedtowardhisparentslikethat.真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。necessary/important/essential等,MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?,Yes,youmust.No,youneednt/donthaveto.,Therewasnomorebus.Theywalkhome.,hadto,must,强调客观需要,虚拟语气,虚拟语气一利用(should)+do虚拟的结构1.一坚持：insist*二命令：order,command三建议:advise,suggest*,recommend四要求:require,request,demand,urge与上述词有关的名词性从句均利用should虚拟(1.)Isuggestthatwe（should）setoffatonceMysuggestionisthat.Mysuggestionthat.iswelcomed.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_ill.(2.)Theboyinsistedthathe_stolenthemoney,andthathe_setfree.,hadnt,shouldbe,was,2.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural/funnysurprising/that；等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：Itisnecessarythathe（should）besentthereatonce,二通过时态虚拟的结构1.虚拟语气用于非真实条件句,1.【2012湖南】Sorry，Iamtoobusynow.IfI_time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had2.【2012安徽】GracedoesntwanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe_there,shewouldntbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.livesB.wouldliveC.haslivedD.weretolive3.【2012天津】WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHarold_usaridehome.A.didntofferB.wouldntofferC.hasntofferedD.hadntoffered,lived;shouldlive,混合虚拟语气：Eg.1)Ifyouhadtakenthedoctorsadvice,youwouldbewellnow.2)IfIhadnotwatchedTVyesterdayevening,Icouldfinishmyhomeworknow.1)IfI_thechancetenyearsago,Iwouldbeamanagernow.A.hadnotlostB.didnotloseC.Willnotlose2)Ifit(rain)lastnight（过去）,It_(be)verycoldtoday（现在）3)IfI(take)youradvice（过去），Ishouldhavenotroublewiththeworknow（现在）,hadrained,Wouldbe,hadtaken,形式混用的虚拟语气：一个虚拟语气的句子+but/eventhough引导的一个真实陈述句一个真实陈述句+otherwise/or一个虚拟语气的句子1)Iwouldhaveinvitedhertothepart,butIdidntknowherwell.2)Shewasntfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldnthaveleftthemeetingsoearly3)Hemighthavegivenyouyourhelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.4)-Whydidntyouhelphim?-I(help)him,butI(nothave)themoney.5)-youshouldhavefinisheditsooner.-IknowbutI_thetime.A.donthaveB.wonthaveC.didnthave,Wouldhave