英文论文的结构.ppt

英语论文的结构,机电工程学院唐荣年,Constructionguidelines,TitleAbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsReferencesTablesandfigures,1.Title,Beshort,accurate,andunambiguousGiveyourpaperadistinctpersonalityBeginwiththesubjectofthestudy,Tips：（1）Careful(2)Actualfindingsshouldbedescribedwithclaimsthatcanbesupported(3)Itshouldbecatchy/memorable(4)Thetitleisalabel,notasentence,(1)Studentfirst,supervisorsecond(2)Anauthorofapapershouldbedefinedasonewhotakesintellectualresponsibilityfortheresearchresultsbeingreported(3)Givecreditwhereitisdue.Itdoesnotcostanything,anditcreatesfriends.Scienceismoreofasocialactivitythanyoumightthink(4)Authorsaffiliationsandcorrespondingauthor,ThelistofAuthors,Theabstractisvitallyimportant-withoutdoubtthemostimportant200-300wordsinthepaperNeverforgetthattheabstractisoftentheonlythingreaderswillreadfromyourpaper.Payattentiontoit!Makeitveryconcise,clear-cut,easytoread.Avoidtechnicaltermsorcomplicatedreasoning,2.Abstract,useshortsentencesworkiswritteninpasttenseuseactivevoice,ThispaperThisstudy,Shouldinclude:Purposes,Procedures,Methods,Results,ConclusionsShouldanswer:WhatIwanttodo?HowIdidit?WhatresultsdidIget?WhatconclusionscanIdraw?Whatisnewandoriginalinthispaper?,Tips:,First1-2sentences:introductiontotheconceptNext1-2sentences:thesystemandthespecificquestionNextxsentences,abriefsummaryoftheresultsFinal1-2sentences:conclusion,Notice:,TypedasasingleparagraphNoabbreviations/orcitationsEliminateorminimizebackgroundinformationAvoidrepeatingthetitleorpartofthetitleinthefirstsentenceoftheabstractLimittheabstracttonewinformationdontusecommentarywords(satisfying,most),Thisinvestigationwasperformedtoseeifthealuminuminpopcans(易拉罐)andaluminumcookwareenterstheliquidtheycontain.Itwashypothesizedthataluminumdoesentertheliquidsinaluminumcansandcookware.Thisexperimentwasperformedbytestingsevendifferenttypesofcarbonatedbeveragesandwaterboiledinaluminumcookwareforthreehours.Everyhourasamplewasremovedfortesting.Thecookwareconsistedofanewandoldaluminumpot.Thecolorimetricmethodwasusedtodeterminetheconcentrationofaluminum.Theresultsshowedthataluminumwaspresentincarbonatedbeveragesandinthewaterboiledinthecookware.Itwasconcludedthataluminumexistedincarbonatedbeveragesandsubstancescookedinaluminumcookware,andthattheconcentrationofaluminumincreasedwithtime.,Objectives,purpose,hypotheses.Methods,materials,procedures.Results,data,observations,discussion.Conclusions.,Journalexample:,Conferenceexample:,solved:Objectivesofthisstudy,hypothesis:.Methods,materials,procedures:.Results,data,observations,discussion:.Conclusions:.,Dissertationexample:,Background,problemsthatneedtobesolved,rationaleforthepresentstudy.Objectivesandscopeofthisstudy.Outlineofthemaincontentsandresults.Conclusions:.,WhatisknownWhatisnotknownWhywedidthisstudy,3.Introduction,Nomorethan3pagesAbadbeginningmakesabadending(Correctwriting)callattentiontothespecificsubject,definetheproblem(Nottoomuch)providebackgroundandpresentthestudyresultsShouldnotbe(too)technicallistthestructureofyourresearchprojectandwhatyouplantopresentinyourpaper,Tips:,thewaytoinducetheproblemThedeficiencyofWangsapproachisTheproblemofthesepapersHowever,themechanismhasnotbeenfullyunderstood.Noneoftheotherphaseshavebeenexaminedindetail.CarefullychooseWordforthefirsttime,most,.proveddontcopyotherpapersintroductions,4.Methods,ParticipantsMeasurementsOutcomesandexplanatoryvariablesStatisticalmethods,SufficientdetailsothatworkcanberepeatedDescribenewmethodsindetail-thedegreeofreplicationandsensitivityCitetheacceptedmethodbrieflyusingreferenceIfapublishedmethodismodified,suchmodificationsmustbedescribedindetailStatisticalanalysisofdataifappropriateaskacolleagueifhe/shecanfollowthemethodologySinceyourprocedureshavebeencompletedreportthemusingpasttense,SamplecharacteristicsUnivariateanalysesBivariateanalysesMultivariateanalyses,5.Results,GenerallydoesNOTincludeexplanationsordiscussionoftheresultsTableandfigurelegendsshouldbeaccompaniedwithsufficientinformationformainpointTableandfigureshouldbeabletostandaloneAlltablesandfiguresmustbenumberedintheorderinwhichtheyarementionedinthetextNumericaldatawiththecorrectnumberofsignificantdigits,6.References,AllcitationsmustbeaccurateIncludeonlythemostimportant,mostrigorous,andmostrecentliteratureQuoteonlypublishedjournalarticlesorbooks(conference)Neverquotesecondhand,DontputallcitationsattheendofsentencesDontquoteyourselfworktoomuchDontcopy(directorindirect,tableandfigure)Complywith“Instructionstoauthors”Citeonly20-35references(Journal,Conferencepaper,dissertation),7.TableandFigure,Agoodfigureisworthat