英语：虚拟语气(新人教版选修6)

虚拟语气,TheSubjunctiveMood,语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,语气,陈述语气(TheIndicativeMood)用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。PeoplegetAIDSafterhavingbeeninfectedwithHIV.HermotherdidnotknowthatshehadAIDSuntilafterXiaohuawasborn.,HowshouldweacttowardspeoplewhohaveAIDS?Whatabravegirl!,语气,祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。Letmedoit.Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气,一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：,虚拟语气在在条件从句中,虚拟语气,例句要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.(与过去事实相反)2.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。Ifitwere(weretobe/shouldbe)sunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.(与将来事实可能相反)3.假如我是你的话，我现在就走。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgonow.(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你),虚拟语气在在条件从句中,If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形,IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,Ifhewerefree,hewouldgowithyou.,1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。,2.如果他有空，他会与你一起去的。,3.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。,IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.,与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）,Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.,1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。,Ifhehadbeenthere,hecouldhaveseenthefilm,IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.,3.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。,2.如果他那时在那儿的话，他就能看到那部电影了。,与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语),Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.,2.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.3.Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.,1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.,If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形,虚拟语气,二、省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.ShouldhefailintheexperimentIfyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.,虚拟语气在在条件从句中,Hadyoucomeafew.,WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.,Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.,IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.,Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.,虚拟语气,三、错综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟）即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldntdoitmuchbetterlikethis.如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。,虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：,Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).,虚拟语气,Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe_thatdrug.A.nottakeB.shouldnthavetakenC.didnttakeD.hadnttaken,Exercises,Ifyou_tomorrow,you_findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.,A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might,A,Iftheparents_atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.,A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrived,C,Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_,shewouldhavemetmybrother.,A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome,D,Ifmylawyer_herelastSunday,he_mefromgoing.,A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented,A,Ifhe_he_thatfood.,Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.,A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken,B,Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchild_.,A.wouldntbelyingtherefortwohoursB.wouldnthavelaidtherefortwohoursC.wouldnthaveliedtherefortwohoursD.wouldnthavelaintherefortwohours,D,Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_himattheairport.,A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmeetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet,C,Iftherewerenotsubjunctivemood,English_mucheasier.,A.WillbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe,D,_theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.,A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass,B,_fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.,A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive,C,_itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.,A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will,B,1.TheboywhowentswimmingintheNo-swimmingZonedrownedintheriver.,IftheboyhadntgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldnthavedrownedintheriver.,HadtheboynotgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldnthavedrownedintheriver.,2.Billywasbadlybittenbymosquitoesbecauseheforgottousethemosquitonetlastnight.,IfBillyhadrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby,HadBillyrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby,3.Themothercarelesslyputtheknifewithinthebabysreach,andthebabycutherselfwhileplayingit.,Ifthemotherhadcarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebabysreach,thebabywouldnthavecutherself.,Hadthemothercarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebabysreach,thebabywouldnthavecutherself.,4.Thestudentsgotfood-poisoningaftereatingthepotatoesinthedining-room.,Ifthestudentshadnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldnthavegotfood-poisoning.,Hadthestudentsnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldnthavegotfood-poisoning.,5.Theparentsputthethermosontheground.Theirsonkickeditandgotburnt.,Iftheparentshadputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldnthavekickeditandgotburnt.,Hadtheparentsputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldnthavekickeditandgotburnt.,虚拟语气,1、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望(wish),建议(suggest,advice,propose,recommend)，要求(demand,request,require,insist),命令(order,command)等。2、除wish外，其它动词用should+do构成,should可以省略。3、wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式2)过去：用过去完成式(haddone)3)将来：用情态动词(would/could)+do,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,例句1.我希望她能站在我一边。Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.2.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。IwishIwere30yearsyounger.3.我希望你能找到一个好职业。Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.4.他想要是他没这样做该多好。Hewishedhehadntdoneit.5.他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,IwishIrememberedtheaddress.,我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）,Iwishhehadnotleft.,要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）,Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.,要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）,wish+thatclause,did/were,haddone,would/might/woulddo,wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,Exercises:,“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_.”,A.hadB.didC.haveD.will,A,Ididntgototheparty,butIdowishI_there.,A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went,C,IwishI_youyesterday.,A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee,C,Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI_toit.,A.hadntgoneB.haventgoneC.didntgoD.couldnothavegone,A,HowIwishI_that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.,A.didntgoB.hadntdoneC.wouldntdoD.wasntdoing,B,-Heisabraveman.-Yes,IwishI_hiscourage.,A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave,B,Tomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow.,A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach,D,虚拟语气,4、记住：insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即should+do;Insist表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。例句Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。Heinsistedthathewasright.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,在would(had)rather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句中当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。Iwouldratherhe/youcametomorrowthantoday.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish/desire)、建议(suggestion/advice)要求(requirement/demand)、命令(order,command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用(should)+do.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime.,虚拟语气在在表语从句中,虚拟语气,同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)takethetask.,虚拟语气在在同位语从句中,虚拟语气,在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should+动词原形例句Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。,虚拟语气在在主语从句中,虚拟语气,在asif/though从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone).一、asif连接表语从句Shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.她看起来似乎是冰做的Helookedasifhehadntsleptfortwodays.二、asif连接方式状语从句Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。Hespeakstousasifhehadbeenthere.他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。,虚拟语气在在asif从句中,Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.,A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,C,Theactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_ayoungman.,A.isB.willbeC.amD.were,D,Thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_rain.,A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would,A,虚拟语气,1.ifonly意为：若是.那该多好啊;真希望.;只要,只要.就好表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!Ifonlyshedidntdrivesofast.2.Its(high/right)timethatthat从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时或should+doItstimethatyouleft/shouldleavehere.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,虚拟语气,3.一些介词短语,如:butfor(要不是),without,otherwise(否则),等表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气Withoutyourhelp,wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,Icouldnothavefulfilledthetaskwithoutyourhelp.Butformybrothershelp,Iwouldnothavefinisheditontime.Butforairandwater,nothingcouldlive.Ihadtogoshopping,otherwise,Imighthavehelped.,虚拟语气,1.IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten2.TomsuggestedthatAnn_thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell3.Iwishthisbus_totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone,虚拟语气,4.Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been6.I_yousomemoney,butIhadntgotanythen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent,虚拟语气,7.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had8.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo9.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,虚拟语气,12.(2003上海春季高考题)LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI_youradvice.A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow13.(2002上海高考题)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall14.Sheinsistedthatshe_illofhimbehindhim，buthedidntbelieveit.A.hadntspokenB.shoul