道教英文简介PPT课件.ppt

.,1,Taoism,.,2,CategorizationThereisdebateoverhow,andwhether,Taoismshouldbecategorized.Traditionally,itisdividedintotwocategories,1.PhilosophicalTaoism道家ThephilosophybasedonthetextsoftheDaodejing(道德經)andtheZhuangzi(莊子).,2.ReligiousTaoism道敎AfamilyoforganizedreligiousmovementssharingconceptsorterminologyderivedfromDaojia,thefirstoftheseisrecognizedastheCelestialMastersschool.,.,3,Originsanddevelopment,OriginsourceofThoughs,1BookofChanges2Theoryoftaoism3Thecultureofimmortaldivination,.,4,Originalphaseoftaoism,TaoismwasfoundedattheendofeasternHandynasty.,ThefirstorganizedformofTaoism,theTianshi(CelestialMasters)school(laterknownasZhengyischool),developedfromtheFivePecksofRicemovementattheendofthe2ndcenturyAD;thelatterhadbeenfoundedbyZhangDaoling.,ZhangjiaoistheleaderofYellowTurbanrevolution,hedevelopedtheTaiPingschool.,Zhanglu,thegrandsonofZhangDaolingcontinuetodevelopedthetheFivePecksofRiceandclaimedthatLaoziisthehierarchofTaoism.AndhechangetheLaozitoDaodejing,whichbecomethemainclassics.,.,5,ThaseofTheory,gehong,kouqinzhi,luxiujingandtaohongjingwritebookstoeapoundatheoryandtheorizethetaoism.,TaoistalchemistGeHong,alsoknownasBaopuzi(抱扑子TheMasterEmbracingSimplicity)wasactiveinthethirdandfourthcenturiesandhadgreatinfluenceonlaterTaoism.17Majorscriptureswereproducedduringthistimeperiod,includingTheShangqing(上清SupremeClarity)(365370)andLingbao(靈寶SacredTreasure)scriptures(397402)receivedatMaoshan.,TheNorthernCelestialMasterswerefoundedin424centurybyKouQianzhi,andaTaoisttheocracywasestablishedthatlasteduntil450CE.,.,6,HeisafamoustaoistintheSouthernDynastyandcontrbutedtoomuchtoTaosiminmanyaspects,especialyonclassicandritual.,HeisthediscipleofLuXiujing.HeisknowlegebleandproficientinThreeReligions.HeisthefirstpersonwhoreorganizedthefamilytreeofImmorals.,.,7,school,Taoismwasevolvedovertimeintheshapeofanumberofdifferentschools,QuanzhenschoolofTaoismwasfoundedduringSongDynasty,andtogetherwiththeresurgentCelestialMasterscalledtheZhengyiisoneofthetwoschoolsofTaoismthathavesurvivedtothepresent.,.,8,Inthe12thcentury,theQuanzhenSchoolwasfoundedinShandong.Itflourishedduringthe13thand14thcenturyandduringtheYuandynastybecamethelargestandmostimportantTaoistschoolinNorthernChina.WangChongyangisthefounderofQuanzhenschool.,长褂混元巾,.,9,ZhengyiwasfoundedinyuanDynasty.ZhengYucaiwasthefounderofZhengyiandgoveredthegeneralterm（符箓）ofthreemountains.龙虎山(zhengyi).閤山(lingbao）茅山shangqing,长褂庄子巾,.,10,Doctrine教义,尊道贵德，天人合一道教最高信仰,敬天法祖，拜神寻仙道教神仙崇拜,仙道贵生，无量度人道教核心宗旨,福禄寿喜，吉祥如意道教民俗风情,清心寡欲，自然无为道教生活态度,上善若水，柔弱不争道教处世精神,天人感应，天道承负道教善恶报应,性命双修，返朴归真道教修炼秘诀,.,11,PublicizethattheDaowasthebeginningofallthingsandthewayinwhichallthingspursuetheircourse.Taodenotessomethingthatisboththesourceandthedrivingforcebehindeverythingthatexists.Daodejingwasthemainclassicandlaoziwasthefounder.,seekrealmwheretherearelifeanddeath(此岸)andachievingecstasy,longevityorimmortality.ThisisthethoughtsofImmorals.,themaintwopoints,.,12,PrinciplesTaoisttheologyemphasizesvariousthemesfoundintheDaodejingandZhuangzi,suchasnaturalness,vitality,peace,non-action,emptiness(refinement),detachment,flexibility,receptiveness,spontaneity,therelativismofhumanwaysoflife,waysofspeakingandguidingbehavior.,.,13,Classics,TheDaodejing,iswidelyregardedtobethemostinfluentialTaoisttext.ItisafoundationalscriptureofcentralimportanceinTaoismpurportedlywrittenbyLaozisometimeinthe3rdor4thcenturiesBC.ZhuangziMainarticle:Zhuangzi(book),TheDaozang(道藏,TreasuryofTao)issometimesreferredtoastheTaoistcanon.ItwasoriginallycompiledduringtheJin,Tang,andSongdynasties.TheversionsurvivingtodaywaspublishedduringtheMingdynasty.,.,14,TaoistsymbolsTheTaijitu(yinandyang)symbol太極圖aswellastheBagua八卦(EightTrigrams)areassociatedwithTaoistsymbolism.TheyinandyangmakeanSshape,withyinontheright.OneislikelytoseethissymbolasdecorationsonTaoistorganizationflagsandlogos,templefloors,orstitchedintoclericalrobes.AccordingtoSongDynastysources,itoriginatedaroundthe10thcentury.Previously,yinandyangweresymbolizedbyatigeranddragon.,.,15,Theobjectsofworship,Theobjectsofworshipisajumbledsysterm,whichfromtheSanqing,Siyutothegodofmountain,thegodofRiver,thegodofEarthandsoon.Therefore,differentbranchesofTaoismoftenhavedifferentbeliefs,especiallyconcerningdeitiesandthepropercompositionofthepantheon.Whileanumberofimmortalsorothermysteriousfiguresappear.,尊神神仙护法,.,16,尊神sanqing(三清),元始天尊,灵宝天尊,道德天尊,ThreePureOnesatthetopofthepantheonofdeities.,yuqing,shangqing,taiqing太上老君,.,17,三官（三元大帝）,.,18,四御,JadeEmperor玉皇大帝,紫薇北极大帝,勾陈南极大帝,女神,.,19,神仙ItissaidthatheisthecrownprimeofJinleKingdom.thenhepractisedinMountainWudang,andascendedtoHeaven.HeispowerfulandinfluentialinNortharea.,.,20,文昌帝君CommonlycalledWenquxingtheWenquxingnamedZhangyazicameintotnehumanworldinSongdynastyandreincarnationoverseveraldynasties.TheJadeEmperorappointedhimtomastertheofficialwork.,.,21,KuixingfourstarsinthebowloftheBigDipper,ortheoneatthetipofthebowl.GodthatgovernsliteratueandwritingintheChesemythology,Inancienttimes,thereweremanypavilionsbuilttohonortheGod,suchasthepavilionofKuixingandthetowerofKuixing.,.,22,EightImmoralswhointaoistmythologyfrequntlyappearedinpaintingandotherformsofartinoldtimes.TheEightImmoralscrossthesea,eachdemonstratingtheir