全新版大学英语综合教程第三册Unit4.ppt

CollegeEnglish(NewEdition)IntegratedCourse1,Unit4Extraterrestrials,ObjectivesStudentsaretolearn:1.Noextraterrestrialswilleverlandonearth.2.Keywordsandphrases:3.Keystructures:1)apassiveinfinitive2)thenominativeabsoluteconstruction4.Writingstrategy:Howtowriteanexpositoryessay,TeachingTasks,TeachingTasks,Pre-readingtasks,While-readingtasks,Postreadingtasks,Pre-readingtasks,GroupDiscussionCulturalNotesTheme-basedLeading-in,Howmanyplanetsarethereintheuniverse?Canyounamethem?Doyouthinktherearelivesthere?Andstateyourreasons.Doyouthinkinterstellartravelwilleverbepossible?,GroupDiscussion,HaveUFOarrivedtheEarth?,UnidentifiedFlyingObjects(UFOs)areanyobjectintheskythattheviewercannotrecognize.Manyareduetovariousnaturalphenomena(planets,meteors,aurora,highaltitudeclouds,flocksofbirds)orhumanactivity(satellites,balloons,aircraft).Somearehoaxesormistakenobservations.ManypeoplebelievethatUFOsarecraftpilotedbyintelligentextraterrestriallifethatarevisitingtheEarth.,CulturalNotes,Oursolarsystemhasnineplanetswithinit.Theseplanetsare:Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,NeptuneandPluto,太阳系（SolarSystem）是由太阳、9颗大行星、66颗卫星以及无数的小行星、彗星及陨星组成的。行星由太阳起往外的顺序是：水星（Mercury）、金星（Venus）、地球（Earth）、火星（Mars）、木星（Jupiter）、土星（Saturn）、天王星（Uranus）、海王星（Neptune）和冥王星（Pluto）.,SolarSystem,Mercury,Venus,Earth,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,Neptune,Pluto,SUN,Mars,VenusfromSpace,meteoritecratersonitssurface,VenusissometimesregardedasEarthssisterplanet.Insomewaystheyareverysimilar:VenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth(95%ofEarthsdiameter,80%ofEarthsmass).Bothhavefewcratersindicatingrelativelyyoungsurfaces.Theirdensitiesandchemicalcompositionsaresimilar.金星有时被视为地球的姊妹星球.他们在某些方面十分相似:金星只是略小于地球(95%的地球直径,80%的地球质量).相对数都表明在这个“年轻”的表面，与地球相比其密度和化学成分相似.,Becauseofthesesimilarities,itwasthoughtthatbelowitsdensecloudsVenusmightbeveryEarthlikeandmightevenhavelife.But,unfortunately,moredetailedstudyofVenusrevealsthatinmanyimportantwaysitisradicallydifferentfromEarth.Itmaybetheleasthospitableplaceforlifeinthesolarsystem.因为这些相似之处,有人认为它在云雾弥漫的金星,很可能有生命.但不幸的是,对金星更深入的研究表明,在许多重要方面是跟地球截然不同的.它可能是太阳系中最不适宜生命生活的地方.,(19201992):Russian-bornAmericanwriterandscientists.Hewasadistinguishedbio-chemist,butismorewidelyknownastheauthorofmanyworksofmanyworksofsciencefiction,booksonsciencefornon-scientists,andessaysonawidevarietyofsubjects.Amonghisbest-knownsciencefictionareI,RobotandtheFoundationtrilogy.,IsaacAsomov,Extraterrestriallife:lifeformsthatmayhaveevolvedonotherplanets.ThereisnohardevidenceatpresentthatlifeexistsontheEarth.MostUFOshavebeensatisfactorilyexplainedasbecomenaturalorman-made,andtheVikingmissionstoMarsereinconclusiveintestingfortheexistenceolifeinthatplanet.Nevertheless,searchedhavebeenandarebeingmadeforsignsthatlifehasariseninotherpartsoftheuniverse.,Thecongress:TheCongressisoneofthethreebranchesoftheUSfederalgovernment,thelegislativebranch.Congresshastwohouses,theSenateandtheHouseofRepresentative.Themainjobofcongressismakinglaws.Beforeanewlawcanbemade,bothhouseshavetopassit,anditmustthenhavetheapprovalofthePresident.,theSupremeCourt:ThejudicialbranchisoneofthethreebranchedofUSfederalgovernmentandoperatesthesystemoflawcourts.TheSupremeCourtinWashington.D.C.isthehighestcourtintheUSandisverypowerful.Incometax:ataxpaidaccordingtoapersonslevelofincome,withpeopleonhigherincomespayinghigherratesoftax.Itisusedbythegovernmenttohelppayforthingslikehealthcareandeducation.,Venicewasfoundedin1421A.D.andremainstodayanarchitecturalwonderland;ithas3largebridges,includingthePontedeiSospiri(theBridgeofSighs),thePonteRialto,andthePonteAccademiathatspantheGrandCanal,themainstreetthatsweepsthroughtheheartofthecity.Veniceiscertainlyoneoftheworldsmostamazingcities.With400bridgesthatspan114canalsandwithover12millionyearlyvisitors,itcouldbealmostoverwhelming.,Venice,MyEncounterwithanE.T.SeethepicturesofE.TandU.F.O,thenSsformgroupstoimaginewhere,when,howtheymeettheE.T,andwhathappenedduringtheencounter.Agroupsecretarytakesnotes.2)Basedonthenotes,agroupwriterwritesastoryabout100words,andagroupillustratordrawsafewpicturestoillustratethestory.3)Othergroupmembersmakerevisions.4)Eachgroupsendsaspeakertoanothergroup,tellingthelattertheirstorywiththehelpoftheillustrations.,Theme-BasedLeading-in,PicturesofE.T,PicturesofE.T,While-readingtasks,StructureQuestionsLanguagePointsTextAnalysis,structure,(1),(2),1.Accordingtothepassage,haveAliensevervisitedourplanet?Andlistthereasons.2.IsitpossibleforAlienstovisitus?Andsupportyourself.3.Whatobstaclestheinterstellarspacetravel?,Questions,LanguagePoints,1.-atleast,anymore:anellipticsentenceusedforfurtherstressofthepreviouspart.Thecompletesentenceshouldbe“NoextraterrestrialswilleverlandonEarthanymore”whichmeansatleast,nosuchvisitorswillcometoEarthagain,pessimistic:adj.showingthetendencytobelievethattheworstthingismostlikelytohappen,thateverythingisessentiallyevil.悲观的optimistic乐观的optimist乐观主义者optimism乐观主义，乐观optimistically乐观主义地，乐观地pessimism悲观主义，悲观pessimist悲观主义者pessimistically悲观主义地，悲观地,2Imnotjustbeingapessimist:Iamnotpretendingtobepessimistic.,3.crisscrossspaceamongamillionworlds:comeandgoinspacethroughmillionsofplanetscrisscross:movetoandfromacross4Onaccountof:becauseof这房子实在不太适合老人住，因为有太多的楼梯。,Key:Thehouseisntreallysuitableforanoldpersononaccountofallthosestairs.,5by/fromallaccounts:accordingtowhateverybodysayononesaccount:foronesreasononnoaccount/notonanyaccount:innocase,notforanyreasononthis/thataccount:forthis/thatreasontakeaccountof:payattentiontotakeintoaccount:takeintoconsideration,_,heisatopstudents._mustthisswitchbetouched.Youmust_theboyslongillness.Heisangry_,Byallaccounts,Onnoaccount,takeintoaccount,onthataccount,6.Idaho:(爱达荷州)astateinnorthwestofAmericawhosecapitalcityisBoise.Itsareais216,412squarekilometers;itseconomyagriculture,manufacturing,lumberandtourism;itspopulation1,293,953,7.workuphisincometax:spendenoughtimecheckinghisincometaxworkup:1)spendtimeandeffortpreparing;准备Eg.Imustworkupmynotesreadyformytest.2)produceordevelopgradually拓展Eg.Hehasworkedupagoodbusinessoverthelastfiveyears.3)excite,stirup煽动,激起Eg.Icantworkupanyinterestinthisbook.,8.figures:accounts,thatis,arecordofmoneyreceivedandpaidout,plicated:difficulttounderstandordealwithEg.Thenewcomputeristoocomplicatedevenforaskilledoperatortohandle.,Complex:指组成某种机器的零件,构成某件事的因素或构成数学题的元素不仅很多,而且相互的关系或相互的作用也令人眼花缭乱,只有学识深的人或是专门知识的人才能处理.Eg:Thecomplexmechanismofawatch.ThecomplexmodernworldComplicated:具有complex的一切意义,但更强调复杂难以解释或理解.如,一道算式题可能很complex,但未必却是complicated,而一道complicated的算式一般总是complexIntricate:通常指交织在一起的众多因素,而且很难理出头绪来.Eg:Thechildwasperplexedbytheintricateplotofthestory.这孩子被那头绪纷繁的故事弄得迷惑不解.,10workontheforms:fillintheforms.workon/uponsth:tospendtimeworkinginordertoproduceorrepairsomethingByApril14,heisntapproachable:April14isthedeadlinefortaxformtobemailed.Heissobusycountingandcheckinghistaxfiguresagainandagainatthislastminutethathewillnothaveanythingtodowithanybody.approachable:friendlyandeasytotalkto,11MychairwasbackedupagainstthewallandIwaslookingandwonderingifIoughttoknockoffandhitthesackashewentoverhiscolumnsoffigure:,Iwassittinginachairwhosebackwassupportedbythewallinthesheriffsoffice,andIwaslookingatthestarsoutsidethewindowsandtryingtodecidewhethertogobackhomefromworkortostayintheofficetolistentoCameronsnever-endingcursewhilehecheckedhiscolumnsoffiguresfortheonehundredandtwenty-seventhtime.,12knockoff:stopworkingordoing(sth);hitthesack:gotobedinordertosleep;Eg.Timetohitthesack;lightsout!steady:constantly13rocketexhaust:n.thewastegasfromtherocketsengine,14Icouldntchokeorpoint;Icouldntevenbugmyeyes:Iseemedtobefrozenwithfear,unabletobreathorpoint;orevenshowingthesurprisingexpressionofwide-openedeyes,15wouldhavethoughtifIhadntseen:subjunctivemoonsuggestingthattheextraterrestrialslookanddressexactlylikeushumanbeingsonEarth,16Wehavebeencarefultoadoptyourmodeofdressandeventoassumeyourappearance:wehavetriedhardtolearnyourwayofdressingandeventriedtomakeourselveslooklikeyou.adopt:toacceptorbegintouse(sth);Eg.adoptaconstitutionalamendment通过一项宪法修正案adoptachild收为养子,17Camerondidntgomuchforforeigners,neverhavingmetmanyoutsidethearmy,butgenerallyhetriedtobefairCamerondidntlikeforeignersandhehadnotmetanyforeignerseverafterheleftthearmy.Butanyway,hewouldtrytobefairtothem.gofor:likeoradmire,18WewouldliketohaveyoumakeimmediatearrangementsfortheimportantmenofyourU.S.A.,asyoucallit,tobebroughtherefordiscussionsleadingtoyourpeoplejoiningourgreatorganizationWewanttoaskyoutomakesomearrangementsimmediatelytohavesomepeoplebringwhatyoucalltheimportantmenoftheU.S.A.heretodiscusswithusabouttheissueofyourpeoplejoiningourgreatorganization.,19Itisnotourwaytoforceourselvesorourorganizationonpeoplewhodonotwishusorit:Weneverdosuchthingsasforcepeopletojoinusorourorganization.forcesth.onsb.:makehimacceptit.Inthissentence,“it”isthelogicsubject.Therealsubjectistheinfinitivephrase“forceourselvesorourorganizationonpeoplewhodonotwishus”,20.Theyweregettingintotheflyingsaucer,thosetwomen,andthesaucersatthere,large,round,shinyandkindofpowerful,youknowtheleavingofthetwoextraterrestrialsisdescribedinsuchaloosesentence,creatingtheeffectthatthenarratorwassurprisedtosuchanextentthathecouldnotevenspeaksmoothly.Thenormalcoherentstructureofthesentencemightbe“Thetwomenwereenteringtheflyingsaucer,whichwaslandedthereandwaslarge,round,shinyandquitepowerful,yousee.,TextAnalysis,Languageisfullofholes,whichpeoplefillupwithperceptionandassumption.ThissayingiswellillustratedbySheriffCameron.BecausehejudgedtheVenusiansasItalianssimplybytheirappearance,everythingtheysaidsoundedItaliantohim.HemistookVenusforVenice,awateryplaceonearth.Whenwelearnanotherlanguage,wemustnotlearnitwiththemindsetofourmothertongue.Otherwisetherewillariseculturalisunderstandings,whichmayleadtoconflict.,SheriffCameronusuallyspokeinacasualmanner.Perhapshistownwassosmallthatheknewallthetownsfolk,thereforeinformalspeechwasproper.Hissentenceswereshort,colloquial,andsometimesincomplete.Hepreferphrasetosingle,learnedwords.Helikedshortenedformsandabbreviations,withanoccasionalcurse.TheVenusiansspokeformally.Theirsentenceswerelongandinvolved,theirwordchoiceelaborate.Theyusedpassivevoicesand“if”structure.Perhapsitwasbecausetheybelieveintheutterimportanceoftheirmission,ortheymightnothavelearnedtospeakfreelyinastrangelanguage.,Postreadingtasks,FurtherInformationTranslationRecommendedMovies,SpaceExploration,Milestonesinthehistoryofmansspaceexploration:,SpaceExploration,I.TheSovietUnionlaunchedtheworldsfirstartificialsatellite,SputnikI,in1957.,SputnikI,SpaceExploration,II.In1969NeilArmstrongandEdwinAldrinlandedonthemoon.Thatsonesmallstepforaman,andonegiantleapformankind(NeilArmstrong).(Apollo11astronautEdwinAldrin),Apollo11astronautEdwinAldrin,SpaceExploration,III.In1981theUSAlaunchedaspaceshuttle,thefirstreusablespacecraft.,Thefirstreusablespaceshuttle,SpaceExploration,IV.In1986thegiantSovietmodularspacestation,Mir,waslaunchedwithastronautsbeingferriedtothestationbySoyuzspacecraft.,SpaceExploration,V.In1987,SovietcosmonautYuriRomanenkosetaspaceendurancerecordof326daysinorbit.,SpaceExploration,VI.Aninternationalspacestation,Freedom,conceivedbytheUSAin1984,becameoperationalinthe1990s.,SpaceExploration,VII.OnFeb.1,2003,thespaceshuttleColumbiacrashed.Agroupofintelligentastronautssacrificedtheirlivesforthecauseofspaceexploration.,SpaceshuttleColumbiacrash,SpaceExploration,VIII.OnOct.15,2003,ShenzhouVsentChinasfirstastronautYangLiweiintospace,makingChinathethirdnationfollowingtheformerSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatestoplaceahumaninorbit.ChinahopestolaunchtheShenzhouVInextyearinaflightthatwillplacetwoastronautsinorbitforbetweenfiveandsevendays.,ShenzhouVahistorictriumph,SpaceExploration,IX.TheMarsExplorationRover,Spirit,safelylandedonJan.4,2004(USspacecraftcarryingSpirit,oneoftwo-identicalsix-wheeledrobots,arriveds