公共管理英语(修订版)-顾建光-教学内容 4.ppt

公共管理英语(修订版)PublicManagementEnglish,顾建光主编,4.StateandMarket,WordsandExpressionsprivatesector私营部门，民营部门togenerate产生，造成judicialservices法律服务know-hown.技术秘诀regulationn.管制oversightn.疏忽，失察entrepreneurn.企业家grossnationalincome(GNI)国民总收入Euromoneyn.欧洲货币,4.StateandMarket,WordsandExpressionscreditworthinessn.信贷价值publicsector公共部门vibrant充满活力的，活跃的tolevy征税progressivityn.进步incentiven.动机monopolyn.垄断budgetn.预算accessibilityn.可达性，可获得性affordabilityn.可承担，可负担性stark完全的，巨大的,4.StateandMarket,CreatingtheConditionsforPrivateSectorDevelopmentPrivatefirmsgeneratejobsandbringgrowthtotheentireeconomy,thebiggestfactorinreducingpoverty.Buttodosotheyneedasoundinvestmentclimatewithgoodmacroeconomicmanagement,tradeandinvestmentpoliciesthatpromoteopenness,andgoodqualityinfrastructureandservices.Theyalsoneedalegalandregulatorysystemthatsupportsthedaytodayoperationsoffirmsbyprotectingpropertyrights,promotingaccesstocredit,andensuringefficienttax,customs,andjudicialservices.,4.StateandMarket,学生试译：,4.StateandMarket,Telecommunicationshasreceivedthelargestshareofinvestmentinprojectswithprivateparticipation(44percentofthetotalin19902001),withwaterandsanitation,considereda“basicneeds”sector,receivingonlyasmallfraction(5percent).学生试译：,4.StateandMarket,Thecaseforcreatingagoodinvestmentclimateissimple:aneconomyneedsapredictableenvironmentinwhichpeople,ideas,andmoneycanworktogetherproductivelyandefficiently.Countriesshouldfocusonimprovingtheinvestmentclimatefordomesticentrepreneurs,butabetterinvestmentclimatewillalsoattractforeigninvestors.,4.StateandMarket,学生试译：,4.StateandMarket,DesigningPublicSectorPoliciestoEnhancePrivateActivityAsglobalcompetitionhasincreasedinthepasttwodecades,thegovernmentsofmanydevelopingcountrieshaveshiftedtheirfocusfromtryingtopreservejobsinastagnantpublicsectortocreatingjobsinavibrantprivatesector.Governmentsarenowinthebusinessofdesigningandimplementinggoodpoliciesandstronginstitutionsthatenhancethebusinessandinvestmentclimate.,4.StateandMarket,学生试译：,4.StateandMarket,Governmentfunctionsandpoliciesaffectmanyareasofsocialandeconomiclife:healthandeducation,naturalresourcesandenvironmentalprotection,fiscalandmonetarystability,andflowsoftrade.Datarelatedtothesetopicsarepresentedintherespectivesections.Thissectionprovidesdataonkeypublicsectoractivities:taxpolicy,exchangerates,anddefenseexpenditures.,4.StateandMarket,学生试译：。,4.StateandMarket,TappingtheBenefitsofInfrastructure,Information,andTelecommunicationsHighqualityinfrastructureandotherbusinessserviceshelpdeterminethesuccessofmanufacturingandagriculturalbusinesses.Investmentsinwater,sanitation,energy,housing,andtransportimprovehealthandeducationandhelpreducepoverty.Andnewinformationandcommunicationstechnologiesoffervastopportunitiesforeconomicgrowth,improvedhealth,betterservicedelivery,learningthroughdistanceeducation,andsocialandculturaladvances.,4.StateandMarket,学生试译：,4.StateandMarket,EssentialtobuildingaknowledgeeconomyisensuringaccessforalltocomputersandtheInternet.Thedigitaldividebetweenrichandpooreconomiesthegapinaccesstoinformationandcommunicationstechnologyremainswide,withhighincomeeconomieshaving416personalcomputersper1,000peopleandlowincomeeconomiesonly6per1,000.Evenso,ownershipofpersonalcomputersisgrowingtwiceasfastindevelopingasinhighincomeeconomies.Largegapsalsoexistamongdevelo