2018年江苏高考专题一语法知识：第3讲情态动词与虚拟语气

第3讲情态动词与虚拟语气1_ not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017江苏，22)AIt were BWere itCIt was DWas it答案B解析句意为：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用were；在非真实条件句中，如果有should，had或were时，可以省略if，而把should，had或were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故选B项。2Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，_ easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017北京，21)Amust BshouldCcan Dneed答案C解析句意为：我们班最高的男孩塞缪尔能轻松地够到顶层架子上的书。此处表示能力，要用can。must必须；should应当，应该；need需要。3If the new safety system _ to use，the accident would never have happened.(2017北京，34)Ahad been put Bwere putCshould be put Dwould be put答案A解析句意为：要是新的安全系统被投入使用了的话，这起事故就不会发生了。此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，所以从句谓语用过去完成时，选A项。4My room is a mess，but I _ clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017天津，2)Adarent BshouldntCneednt Dmustnt答案C解析句意为：我的房间很乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。darent不敢；shouldnt不应该；mustnt不准。5Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise，I _ able to reach her yesterday.(2017天津，15)Ahadnt been Bwouldnt have beenCwerent Dwouldnt be答案B解析句意为：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用would have done，故选B项。6If it _ for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.(2016江苏，27)Ahad not been Bshould not beCwere not to be Dshould not have been答案A解析句意为：如果不是他前几天邀请我，我现在就不会在这里了。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，再结合时间状语the other day可知，这是对过去行为的虚拟，故if从句要用过去完成时。7I love the weekend，because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.(2016北京，31)Aneednt BmustntCwouldnt Dshouldnt答案A解析句意为：我喜欢周末，因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。neednt不需要；mustnt禁止；wouldnt不会；shouldnt不应该。根据句意可知选A项。8Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me，I could have helped.(2016北京，34)Atold Bhad toldCwere to tell Dwould tell答案B解析句意为：你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻烦。如果你告诉了我，我就能够帮助你。根据last week可知，事情发生在过去；根据主句谓语动词could have done可知，是对过去情况的虚拟，因此从句应用过去完成时had done。故选B项。9It was really annoying；I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016天津，5)Awouldnt BcouldntCshouldnt Dneednt答案B解析句意为：真烦人，我无权使用你推荐的资料库。B项couldnt意为“不能”，符合语境。wouldnt不愿意；shouldnt不应该；neednt没必要。10I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one，I _.(2016天津，15)Awere injured Bwould be injuredChad been injured Dwould have been injured答案D解析句意为：我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话，我会受伤的。根据题干中的“If I hadnt been wearing one”可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句的谓语用would have been injured。11George _ too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016浙江，17)Amust have gone Bmight have goneCcant have gone Dneednt have gone答案C解析句意为：乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是温的。cant have done表示对过去情况的否定推测，意为“不可能做了”。12Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.(2016浙江，15)Ahad not fallen Bwould not fallCdid not fall Dwould not have fallen答案D解析句意为：如果政府和科学家们不一起合作的话，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会自2005年的最高值降下来。根据Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去，因此是对过去情况的虚拟，主句用would have done形式。故选D项。13Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really _ go now.My daughter is home alone.(2015北京，29)Amay BcanCmust Ddare答案C解析句意为：你不能再多待一会儿吗？天要黑了。我现在真的必须走了。我的女儿一个人在家里呢。may可以，可能；can 能够，可以；must必须；dare 敢，敢于。故选C。14Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.Oh，its too bad.You _ have made full preparations.(2015福建，27)Amust BcanCwould Dshould答案D解析句意为：很抱歉，妈妈，我的面试又失败了。噢，真是太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。should have done本应该做但是没有做。15You _ feel all the training a waste of time，but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.(2015陕西，21)Ashould BneedCshall Dmay答案D解析句意为：你可能觉得所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百确定，你以后会为你这么做了而心存感激的。should表示推测时指“按常理应该”；need意为“需要”，常用于否定句或疑问句中；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示允诺、警告、威胁等语气；may表示推测时指“可能，或许”。由句意可知，此处表示语气不强烈的推测，故用may。16You _ be careful with the camera.It costs！(2015四川，2)Amust BmayCcan Dwill答案A解析句意为：你一定要非常小心地对待这个照相机，它很贵。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机一定很昂贵，所以“必须”小心对待，故选A。17You _ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.(2015重庆，12)Amust BcanCwill Dshall答案A解析句意为：你一定是卡萝尔，这些年以来你一点都没变。依据第二句可知，此处应用must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”。must只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。18If I _ it with my own eyes，I wouldnt have believed it.(2015北京，34)Adidnt see Bwerent seeingCwouldnt see Dhadnt seen答案D解析句意为：如果不是亲眼看到，我就不会相信这件事。由主句中的谓语动词wouldnt have believed 可知是对过去情况的虚拟，虚拟条件句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。19Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _ as well as her.(2015陕西，23)Adance Bwill danceChad danced Ddanced答案D解析句意为：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊！I wish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去式(be用were)；叙述与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用could/would do；叙述与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，故谓语动词用过去式，选D项。20Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway _ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015重庆，7)Adidnt write Bhadnt written Cwouldnt write Dwouldnt have written答案D解析句意为：要是没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说永别了，武器。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，由语境知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句部分用would/could/should/mighthave done，故D项正确。一、“情态动词have done”结构“情态动词have done”有两层意思：1表示对过去情况的猜测或估计，有以下几种形式：must have done (准是；一定)；can/could have done(可能已经)；may/might have done(可能/也许已经)。The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.Oh，dear！She must have gone through a lot of difficulties!这位女生物学家在非洲研究野生动物13年后才回来。哦，天哪！她一定经历了许多困难！2表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，常见的有下列形式：should/ought to have done(本该做)；could have done(本来能够做)；might have done(本可以做)；neednt have done(本没必要做)。Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You should have told her last week.明天我要告诉玛丽关于她的新工作的情况。你本该上周告诉她的。二、虚拟语气的一些特殊句式1Its (high) time that.did/should do.是的时候了。2If it were not for/had not been for.要不是3but for.要不是4If only.要是就好了。5would rather.did/had done.宁愿It is high time that we were/should be off.到了我们离开的时候了。If it had not been for your timely help，I would have gone bankrupt.要不是你及时的帮助，我早就破产了。1What a boring planet we _ if there were only one culture in the world！(2017镇江期中，27)Awould be BwereCwould have Dhad答案C解析句意为：如果世界上只有一种文化，那我们所居住的星球将是多么的枯燥啊！根据句意可知从句与现在相反，主句也与现在相反，故主句用would/should/could/might动词原形，但A项不符合句意，故答案为C。2Had the earthquake happened in the night，there _ many more deaths，and if the prediction for the earthquake _ more accurate，we would have been more prepared and many more lives would have been saved.(2017盐城景山中学调研，29)Awould be；had beenBwill be；wasCwould have been；had beenDwould have；has been答案C解析句意为：如果地震发生在夜间，将会有更多的人死亡，如果对地震的预测更准确的话，我们会有更多的准备，更多的生命将会被拯救。考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/might/couldhave done。根据主从句之间的这种对应关系即可确定正确答案为C。3It seemed that our nursery rhymes _ some magic because all the nights I sang them for my daughter，she would listen to them with keen pleasure.(2017盐城亭湖中学段考，29)Amust have had Bshould have hadCcould have had Dneed have had答案A解析句意为：似乎我们的儿歌有什么魔力因为每晚我为女儿唱的时候，她都会非常愉快的听。这里用情态动词must的完成式，表示对过去情况的肯定推测“过去一定是”；should have done过去本来应该做而没有做；could have done本可以做却没有做；need have done本需要做却没有做。根据句意知选A。4Could we phone our English teacher now?Not now.Im afraid he _ be driving.(2017扬州中学期中，25)Ashall BmayCwill Dcan答案B解析句意为：我们现在可以打电话给英语老师吗？现在不行。恐怕他在开车。may可能，表示一种可能性，符合语境。shall用于主语为第三人称的陈述句中，表示条约、规定、法令等中的义务，常译为“应，必须”；will表示意愿或规律性的“注定会”；can能够，也可用于否定句或疑问句中表推测。5But for the fact that he _ the truth，he _ for a weeks imprisonment.(2017扬州中学期中，32)Adidnt know；would be punishedBhadnt known；might have punishedCdidnt know；would have been punishedDhadnt known；could be punished答案C解析句意为：要不是因为他不知道真相，他会受到一周监禁的惩罚。他不知道真相是过去的事实，应用陈述语气didnt know；that he didnt know the truth为fact的同位语。根据but for.可知，整句是对过去的虚拟，第二空应用would/could/might/shouldhave done的形式。根据句意，他应该受到惩罚，应用被动语态。故选C项。6Nowadays people seem to become more and more selfish.How much better life would be if we _ to the values of the past！(2017苏锡常镇四市一模，33)Awere to return Bhad returnedCreturn Dwill return答案A解析句意为：如今，人似乎变得越来越自私。如果我们能够重新回过去的价值观，生活该多好啊！本题考查虚拟语气。根据主句的关键词would可知，应用虚拟语气；再根据句意可知，此处表示对将来情况的假设，其表达形式有三种：were to do sth./should do sth./did sth.，B项表示对过去情况的假设，故选A项。7_ the local authorities paid more attention to the safety of seafood，more lives _ in the poisoning incident.(2017溧水高级中学二模，27)AShould；would not be claimedBHad；would not have been claimedCShould；would not be costDHad；would not have been cost答案B解析句意为：如果当地政府把更多的注意力放在海鲜的安全上，这次中毒事件中就不会夺去更多人的生命。这是和过去相反的虚拟语气，if条件句应该用过去完成时，也可以省略if把had提前，主句用would have done，答案在B、D之间选择，claim表示“夺去”，claim ones life夺取某人的生命，cost是“使丧失”，用cost sb.ones life，所以选B。8Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained _ into account before starting a new project.(2017南通如皋联考，13)Abe taken Bshould takeCwould be taken Dhave to be taken答案A解析句意为：重点放在开始新项目之前要考虑所有要达到的目标的必要性。分析句子结构可知，that引导同位语从句，说明necessity的内容，necessity必要性，为necessary的名词形式，其后所接名词性从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should动词原形”结构，should可省略；在从句中，主语为all the objectives，to be attained为其后置定语，主语和take之间存在被动关系，应用被动形式(should) be taken。故选A项。9Its a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.I _ it，but I was busy preparing the coming exam.(2017南京九中学情调研，25)Aattended Bhad attendedCwould have attended Dwould attend答案C解析句意为：你错过了Thompson做的关于英国文化的讲座真是太遗憾了。我本打算参加的，但我忙于准备即将到来的考试(而没有去)。本打算要去而没去，符合这一意思的为C。10Life is full of ups and downs，and without the downs，the ups _ mean nothing.(2017南京学情调研，26)Awould BmustCshould Dshall答案A解析句意为：生活充满了起起伏伏，如果没有低谷，那站在高处也失去了意义。分析句子成分可知，本题为without的含蓄虚拟语气。根据Life is full of ups and downs可知本题为对现在情况的虚拟。结合句意可知would符合题意。11After making the speech，he went through it in his mind to reflect where he _ better.(2017南京三模，24)Acould do Bwould doCcould have done Dwould have done答案C解析句意为：在演讲之后，他在头脑中把演讲回顾了一遍，反思哪里本能够做得更好。根据语境可知，演讲已经结束，现在在反思已经发生的事，应用could have done表示过去本来能够做某事，故选C项。12Sherry rang to say she was too busy to come.Well，she _ say that.She is always making excuses.(2017苏锡常镇四市一模，23)Amustnt BwouldCneednt Dshould答案B解析句意为：Sherry打电话过来说她很忙不能来了。嗯，她是会说这种话的。她总是编造借口。would表示某人过去的习惯，根据上句中的rang可以看出来是在讲发生在过去的事情。mustnt表示禁止；neednt不需要，不必；should应该，居然。根据题意选B项。13He was greatly shocked at Donald Trumps taking office.Never did he expect that the voters _ be so unreasonable.(2017南京、盐城二模，32)Ashould BcouldCwould Dmight答案A解析句意为：他对唐纳德特朗普的上任感到很震惊。他从来没有想到投票人居然会如此不理智。should应该，居然；could可能，能够；would(过去)往往会；might可能。根据关键信息shocked和Never did he expect可知，应用should，表示意外或者在说话人看来是不可思议的情况。故选A项。14Im sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline.With better equipment，I _ the task on schedule.(2017南通一模，27)Awould accomplishBmight have accomplishedCmust have accomplishedDcould accomplish 答案B解析句意为：很遗憾，我没有赶上截止日期。要是设备更好些，我可能会按时完成任务的。根据语境可知，我已经错过了最后期限，所以能按时完成是与过去事实相反的假设，应用would/could/should/mighthave done结构，故选B项。15If 53,667 people _ differently，Hillary Clinton would have keys to the White House.(2017南京、盐城一模，31)Avoted Bhad votedCshould vote Dshould have voted答案B解析句意为：如果53 667人投了跟过去不一样的票，那么希拉里克林顿现在就拥有了白宫的钥匙。分析句子成分可知，本句为if引导的非真实条件句。根据句意可知，从句部分为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故had voted符合句意。16Roberts new book about space exploration is fantastic.You simply _ read it.(2016南通、扬州、泰州调研，33)Amust BcanCneed Dmay答案A解析句意为：罗