以柔克刚-提高耐火材料抗热震性

以柔克刚提高耐火材料抗热震性,郑州大学高温材料研究所叶国田,以柔克刚提高耐火材料抗热震性,JusttotouchthehugeandcomplicatedtopicNottoanswer/solvequestionsButtoraisequestions/suggestionsTheideasarenotnecessarilynew.Theideaswereproposedbeforebyotherpeopleinawayoranother,oreveninpractice,题外话研究题目,我们高温所研究生的研究题目：“加入Al粉对MgO-C砖结构和性能的影响”结果：AP,BD,CCS,MOR,HMOR，PLC,TRS,SCR,XRD,SEM结论：把对Al粉对以上性能、相组成、显微结构的影响进行总结以上题目和结论有没有问题？,题外话研究题目,【药品名称】品名：维C银翘片【功能主治】用于流行性感冒引起的发热、头痛、咳嗽、口干、咽喉疼痛。【不良反应】尚无报道。“加入Al粉对MgO-C砖结构和性能影响”主要目标：对什么具体性能的影响？结论提及：对其他性能有没有负面影响？,Hasselmansthermalshocktheory,AccordingtoHasselmansthermalshocktheory,thedrivingforceforcrackpropagationisproportionaltothestoredelasticenergyinthebodyatonsetoffracture.,Hasselman,D.P.H.Unifiedtheoryofthermalshock,fractureinitiationandcrackpropagationinbrittleceramics.JournalofAmericaCeramicSociety,V.52,No.11,600-604,1969.,Thermalstressdependenceonmodulusofelasticity,Thermalstress=E=ETTEC：dependentonthematerialT：determinedbytheapplicationconditionsInordertoreduce，EhastobereducedEisdeterminedbymicrostructure（microcracks,phasedistribution,etal）Microstructureisgeneratedbyprocessing,“Refractoriesselectionforsteelladles”(MarcoAntonioQuintela,FabioDuarteSantos,CelsoAnizioPessoa,JoseAnchietaDeRodrigues,VictorCarlosPandolfelli,UNITECR05-ProceedingsoftheUnifiedInternationalTechnicalConferenceonRefractories,p380-384).,以柔克刚微裂纹,Softeningthroughmicrocracks,Refractoriesselectionforsteelladles,MarcoAntonioQuintela,FabioDuarteSantos,CelsoAnizioPessoa,JoseAnchietaDeRodrigues,VictorCarlosPandolfelli,UNITECR05-ProceedingsoftheUnifiedInternationalTechnicalConferenceonRefractories,p380-384,“Refractoriesselectionforsteelladles”(MarcoAntonioQuintela,FabioDuarteSantos,CelsoAnizioPessoa,JoseAnchietaDeRodrigues,VictorCarlosPandolfelli,UNITECR05-ProceedingsoftheUnifiedInternationalTechnicalConferenceonRefractories,p380-384).,MgO-Cladlebrick,SamplesofMgO-Cbricks,“Refractoriesselectionforsteelladles”(MarcoAntonioQuintela,FabioDuarteSantos,CelsoAnizioPessoa,JoseAnchietaDeRodrigues,VictorCarlosPandolfelli,UNITECR05-ProceedingsoftheUnifiedInternationalTechnicalConferenceonRefractories,p380-384).,HMORoftheMgOCrefractorybricks,Hotmodulusofrupture(HMOR)asafunctionoftemperature,“Refractoriesselectionforsteelladles”(MarcoAntonioQuintela,FabioDuarteSantos,CelsoAnizioPessoa,JoseAnchietaDeRodrigues,VictorCarlosPandolfelli,UNITECR05-ProceedingsoftheUnifiedInternationalTechnicalConferenceonRefractories,p380-384).,Carbonlossandoxidationindexat1400Cafter30minuteinair.,Oxidationresistance,“Refractoriesselectionforsteelladles”(MarcoAntonioQuintela,FabioDuarteSantos,CelsoAnizioPessoa,JoseAnchietaDeRodrigues,VictorCarlosPandolfelli,UNITECR05-ProceedingsoftheUnifiedInternationalTechnicalConferenceonRefractories,p380-384).,ThermalshockresistanceoftheMgOCbricks,LongitudinalcrosssectionofsamplesafterThermalspallingtest:metalinfiltration().,BehaviorofthethermalshockresistanceasafunctionoftheHMOR(1400C).,“Refractoriesselectionforsteelladles”(MarcoAntonioQuintela,FabioDuarteSantos,CelsoAnizioPessoa,JoseAnchietaDeRodrigues,VictorCarlosPandolfelli,UNITECR05-ProceedingsoftheUnifiedInternationalTechnicalConferenceonRefractories,p380-384).,Thermalshocktestingwascarriedoutinaninductionfurnaceat1560C.Aprismaticsample(40mmx40mmx160mm)waspartlyimmersedinthesteelandmaintainedattestingtemperaturefor60s.Following,thesamplewascooledinwaterfor15sandtheninair.Thethermalcycling(heatingandcooling)wasrepeated3times.Thermalshockdamagewasevaluatedbythesizeandnumberofcracksgeneratedinthesamples.,Slagcorrosionresistance,Fig.2RelativecorrosionindexoftheMgO-Cbricks.,Rotaryslagtestswerecarriedoutonsamplesmeasuring(88mm;68mm)x30mmx190mmat1650Cfor6h.Thecorrosionindexwasdeterminedbytheratiobetweenthecrosssectionareaafterandbeforetesting.,“Refractoriesselectionforsteelladles”(MarcoAntonioQuintela,FabioDuarteSantos,CelsoAnizioPessoa,JoseAnchietaDeRodrigues,VictorCarlosPandolfelli,UNITECR05-ProceedingsoftheUnifiedInternationalTechnicalConferenceonRefractories,p380-384).,Resultsofindustrialperformance,Consideringthetraditionalevaluationmethodformaterials,basedonmechanicalstrength,oxidationandcorrosion,whichonewouldbethebestmaterialforslaglineofsteelladle?ThebestoneshouldnotbeMC2,becauseitscorrosionresistancearesimilartotheotherthreeanditsHMORisremarkablylowerthanMC1andMC3.,“Refractoriesselectionforsteelladles”(MarcoAntonioQuintela,FabioDuarteSantos,CelsoAnizioPessoa,JoseAnchietaDeRodrigues,VictorCarlosPandolfelli,UNITECR05-ProceedingsoftheUnifiedInternationalTechnicalConferenceonRefractories,p380-384).,Resultsofindustrialperformance,ButMC2presentedsuperiorindustrialperformance!,“Refractoriesselectionforsteelladles”(MarcoAntonioQuintela,FabioDuarteSantos,CelsoAnizioPessoa,JoseAnchietaDeRodrigues,VictorCarlosPandolfelli,UNITECR05-ProceedingsoftheUnifiedInternationalTechnicalConferenceonRefractories,p380-384).,Resultsofindustrialperformance,ButMC2presentedsuperiorindustrialperformancetoMC1,MC3andMC4.ThesuperiorperformanceatindustrialscaleofbrickMC2,itisbelievedtobeassociatedtoitshighthermalshockresistanceandlowmechanicalstrengthathightemperature,whichresultedinamorecompliantstructure.Whenslagcorrosionresistanceandoxidationresistancearefulfilled，thesuperiorspallingresistanceandlowmechanicalstrengthathightemp.couldbethekeyproperties.,“Refractoriesselectionforsteelladles”(MarcoAntonioQuintela,FabioDuarteSantos,CelsoAnizioPessoa,JoseAnchietaDeRodrigues,VictorCarlosPandolfelli,UNITECR05-ProceedingsoftheUnifiedInternationalTechnicalConferenceonRefractories,p380-384).,BalancebetweenTRSandHMOR,-MicrocracksarebeneficialtoTSRMicrocracksaredetrimentaltoHMORConflictsbetweenTSRandHMORBalancebetweenTSRandHMORWhatisrequiredsufficientHMOR?12MPa?18MPa,24MPa?HTCIgraduatestudent:increaseHMORofsubmergednozzlesfrom10to20MPa,“弹性技术”微裂纹,高温下生成的（非计量）镁铝尖晶石：利用富铝尖晶石脱溶反应，与MgO生成二次尖晶石产生膨胀并导致微裂纹产生MgO铁铝尖晶石系统：铁铝尖晶石与方镁石膨胀系数的不同在烧结和使用过程中镁铝尖晶石生成产生的提及膨胀而产生微裂纹,周季婻，水泥窑窑衬用新型耐火原料的展望，耐火原料学术交流会论文集，开封，2009.3.29-31，p.21-26.,PropagationofCracksaroundGrains-ModelI,Microspacearoundthegrain,X,Y,X,Y,X,Y,CrackStop,CrackProgress,CrackStop,Microcrackaroundthegrain,Stoppingcrackaroundthegrain,，：Thermalexpansioncoefficient,100m,CrackStop,XY,XY,XY,Space,Crack,木下人好HitoyoshiKinoshita,“SlidingNozzlePlatesandNozzlesforsteelmakingladlesandtundishes”,HTCI,Zhengzhou,November27,1008,Largecrystalgrain,crack,primary,domainboundary,matrix,Agrain,crack,matrix,primary,Finecrystalgrain,Agrain,PropagationofCracksaroundGrains-ModelII,木下人好HitoyoshiKinoshita,“SlidingNozzlePlatesandNozzlesforsteelmakingladlesandtundishes”,HTCI,Zhengzhou,November27,1008,CrackStop,Matrix,CrackProgression,Largecrystalsizegrain,Finecrystalsizegrain,Effectofgrainsizeoncrackpropagation,木下人好HitoyoshiKinoshita,“SlidingNozzlePlatesandNozzlesforsteelmakingladlesandtundishes”,HTCI,Zhengzhou,November27,1008,ReinforcementofCarbonBondedMgORefractoriesduetoNanometerAdditions,V.Stein,C.G.Aneziris,U.Klippel,W.Schnwelski,E.GuguenUNITECR09,CompositionsofcarbonbondedMgObricks,V.Stein,C.G.Aneziris,U.Klippel,W.Schnwelski,E.Guguen,“ReinforcementofCarbonBondedMgORefractoriesduetoNanometerAdditions”UNITECR09,Salvador,Brazil,Rawmaterials:highqualityfusedmagnesia(China,3.52g/cm,97.5%MgO),graphiteflakes(11m/g,96%C,GraphitKropfmhl,Germany),carbonblack(12m/g99.8%C,CancarbLtd.,Canada),nanopowdertitania(pureanatase,Tronox,Germany),aluminiummicrometerpowder(TLSTechnik,Germany).Hardeningagentwashexamethylenetetramine.,PhysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofcarbonbondedMgObricks,V.Stein,C.G.Aneziris,U.Klippel,W.Schnwelski,E.Guguen,“ReinforcementofCarbonBondedMgORefractoriesduetoNanometerAdditions”UNITECR09,Salvador,Brazil,Cured(followingthestandardtemperature-timeregimeupto180)coked(1000，5hoursinaretortfilledwithpetroleumcokegrit),Itisinterestingtonotethatthepresenceoftitaniaisleadingtoreducedmodulusofelasticity.,Itisobviousthatthepresenceoftitaniaisloweringthemechanicalpropertiesandphysicalproperties.Thepresenceoftitaniaisimprovingthethermalshockbehavior.Duetoageneratedmicrocracknetwork,theinitialstrengthisloweredbutthefurthergenerationandgrowingoffatalcracksduringthermalshockisdegraded.Incaseoftitaniawithoutaluminium,thecracknetworkisformedwhilesinteringandshrinkingofanataseagglomeratesandfurthershrinkingoftheseparticleswhilephasetransformationintorutile.,InfluenceoftitaniaadditiononTSR,V.Stein,C.G.Aneziris,U.Klippel,W.Schnwelski,E.Guguen,“ReinforcementofCarbonBondedMgORefractoriesduetoNanometerAdditions”UNITECR09,Salvador,Brazil,Cracksthroughmulti-phases,-ItisknownthatadditionofZrO2intoceramicscanincreasetougheningoftheceramicsbecausetheunusualvolumechangebehaviorofZrO2bringaboutmicrocracksinthematerials.-Refractoriesareusuallycomposedofdifferentphaseswithdifferentthermalexpansioncoefficients(TEC).ThemismatchofTECamongdifferentphaseswillgeneratestressduringheatingandcooling,whichmayresultinmicrocracks.,MechanicalPropertiesandThermalShockBehaviourofModelMgO-MgAl2O4SpinelCompositeRefractories,UNITECR05，Orlando，USA,“MechanicalPropertiesandThermalShockBehaviourofModelMgO-MgAl2O4SpinelCompositeRefractories”，UNITECR05,Orlando,USA,Thestrengthandmodulusvaluesofspinelcompositesdecreasedwithincreasingspinelcontent.Thecriticaldefectsizesincreasedwithspineladditions.Itisclearthatthethermalexpansionmismatch,causingmicrocracking,longerinterlinkedcracks,spinelparticlesizeandcontent,arelikelytobethemajorfactorsdeterminingstrength.Theimprovedresistancetothermalshockincompositescanbeattributedtothemicrocracknetworksdevelopedaroundthespinelparticles.,Cracksthroughmulti-phases,-MgO-MgAl2O4,Al2O3-MgAl2O4,Al2O3-mullitesystemsCracksandstressinfluencedbydegreeofTECmismatchparticle/grainsizeheatingandcoolingratesfiringtemperatureModelingofphasedistributionandmicrocracksModelingofstresswithandwithoutmicrocracks,以柔克刚第二相,Softeningthroughsecondsoftphasewithlowelasticmodulus,ModulusofElasticityofSomeCeramicMaterialsW.D.Kingery,etal,“IntroductiontoCeramics”,2ndedition,1976,p.777.,PhysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofcarbonbondedMgObricksV.Stein,C.G.Aneziris,U.Klippel,W.Schnwelski,E.Guguen,“ReinforcementofCarbonBondedMgORefractoriesduetoNanometerAdditions”UNITECR09,Salvador,Brazil,DifferencebetweenDenseCeramicsandRefractories,DenseCeramicsRefractoriesPorosity5%(closed)15%(open)PorepositioninsidegrainbetweengrainsYongsmodulus200-300GPa3-30GPaNumberofcracksFewManyStressrelaxationLittlespacePoresandcracksFractureduetoCrackinitiationCrackpropagation,Graphitecontainingmaterials,-Graphite:lowyieldstrengthMicroandlocaldeformationofgraphiteduringtemperaturefluctuationcompliantstructure-Modelingofstresswithandwithoutgraphite,Materialwithgraphite,Materialwithoutgraphite,MgO,graphite,Graphitecontainingmaterials,HomogeneousdistributionofgraphiteisessentialforTSRGraphitebetweengrainswouldbedeformedunderstressMakesuregrainsarewrappedbygraphite,MgO,graphite,Materialwithgraphite,Materialwithoutgraphite,DifferentKindsofCarbon,DifferentkindsofcarbonGraphiteAmorphouscarbon(e.g.,coke)PossiblybetterTSRwithgraphitethanthatwithamorphouscarbonYoungsmodulusofgraphiteandamorphouscarbonModelingofthermalstress,localdeformationandthermalstressrelaxationwithgraphiteandamorphouscarbon,Influenceofcarbonamounts,DecreasedamountofcarbonisdesiredforsomeapplicationCarbonbetweengrainsisessentialMakesuregrainsarewrappedwithcarbon-Modelingofthermalstresswithdifferentamountsofcarbon,MgO,carbon,Materialwithmorecarbon,MgO,Materialwithlesscarbon,FlexibilityofMgO-CRefractoriesduetoBendingTestsatRoomTemperatureandafterThermalShockTreatment,C.G.Aneziris,D.Borzov,M.Hampel,J.SurenUNITECR05,FlexibilityofMgO-CRefractoriesduetoBendingTestsatRoomTemperatureandafterThermalShockTreatmentC.G.Aneziris,D.Borzov,M.Hampel,J.Suren,UNITECR05,Thegraphitecontentandthebindersystemaremainlyresponsiblefortheflexibilityofthest