宾语从句是中考英语的必考点VIP

宾语从句是中考英语的必考点，会出现于中考英语的各个题型中，因此是同学们必须要掌握的语法点之一。中考英语对于宾语从句的考查，主要集中于时态和语序两点。让我们一起走近宾语从句，看看它的真身吧！宾语从句的含义在整个句子中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道这位老师看过这部电影。（“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语，同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。）宾语从句的分类1.动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。例如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。2.介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。例如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。3. 形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。例如：I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。引导名词性从句的连接词that:没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分考点：一、that 不能省略的情况；1. 宾语从句前有插入语。如：We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。2. 有间接宾语时。如：He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。3. 引导except, but, in 等少数介词的宾语从句时。如：I will do anything I can to help you except that Im ill. 只要我身体舒服，我愿做任何事情来帮助你。4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语+宾语从句”时。如：The boy has made it clear that they cant play with his toys. 那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。5. that从句单独回答问题时。如：What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。6. 位于句首时。如：That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。7. 动词advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(坚决主张), order, propose, request, suggest(建议)等代的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即：(should) do的形式。He asked that we (should) get there before nine oclock. 他要求我们在九点钟之前赶到那儿。The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老师劝告我们不要浪费时间了。2.whether/if:表示是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party. 考点：但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句1）在带to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there.2）在介词的后面例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.3）在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week4）直接与or not连用时例句：I cant say whether or not they can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1）if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.2）if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.4）引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.3.连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose（在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语）连接副词：where, when, how, why（在宾语从句中做状语）The small children dont know what is in their stockings（what 在宾语从句中做主语）这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？（why 在宾语从句中做原因状语）你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗？4.think，believe 宾语从句的用法 否定转移 当think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接的宾语从句为含有not的否定句时，该否定应移至主句，即否定主句的谓语动词。主句是谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，例如： I dont think it will rain tomorrow. We dont expect our football team will win the World Cup. 但hope后接的宾语从句的否定不需要转移。例如： I hope you werent ill. 需要特别说明的是：涉及到转移的只是not，not以外的其它否定词，如no, never, hardly, few, little, seldom等，不必转移。例如： I believe my brother has never been late for school. We can imagine birds can hardly live without these woods.在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点1. 时态当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时，任何时候都用一般现在时。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说过地球绕着太阳转。Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席说一切帝国主义者都是纸老虎。When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。4.当宾语从句是用来表达、解释科技内容时。例如: Our teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies is called gravity. 老师告诉我们,地球对一切物体的吸引力叫作万有引力。5.当宾语从句表示一种反复出现或现在习惯性动作时。例如: She told me that she gets up at six oclock every morning. 她告诉我她每天早上六点起床。 He asked me when the train usually starts. 他问我火车通常什么时候发出。6.当宾语从句中谓语动词所表示的动作在转述时仍在继续,或表示现在时刻仍存在的状态时。例如: He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task ahead of schedule.他说那家工厂的工人正在努力提前完成任务。 She told me the other day that she is only 10. 几天前她对我说她才10岁。2. 语序任何从句都使用陈述句语序，宾语从句当然也不例外。经典习题：一1. Our teacher told us that the moon _ round the earth.A. went B. turned C.go D. turns答案： D解析： 从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D2. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I dont know _.A. she lives where B. she where livesC. where she lives D. where does she live答案： C解析：我想去看王夫人，但是我不知道她住在哪里。宾语从句用陈述语序。3. - Go and ask Mr. White for help.- But I dont know _.A. where does he live B. where he livesC. where is he living D. he lives there答案： B解析： 宾语从句用陈述语序4.- Can you tell me _? - Yes, he lives in a small town.A. where he lives B. who is singingC. when he will leave D. what he said答案：A解析： 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用相应的时态，他住在哪里应用一般现在时态，是现在的一种状态。5. Have you decided _ for London?A. when will you leave B. when you will leaveC. when are you going D. when you are going答案： B解析：你还没有决定什么时候去伦敦吗？宾语从句用陈述语序，因为是你打算去伦敦，现在并没有在伦敦，或是已经去过了，所以从句用一般将来时。6.Excuse me. Could you tell me _our tickets? A. where do we show B. where shall we showC. where did we show D. where we shall show答案：D解析：不好意思打扰了，你能告诉我，我们将在哪儿检票呢？宾语从句用陈述语序，主语是第一人称，所以可以用shall+动词原形。经典习题：二1.I dont know when _.A. will the train leave B. the train will leaveC. would the train leave D. the train leave答案：B解析：该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he comeC. if he comes D. whether hell come答案：D解析：我不知道后天他是否回来，宾语从句用陈述语序。3.Could you tell me _the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where答案：D解析：where表示地点，最近的医院在哪里。4.Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mendC. how he mended D. what he mended答案：C解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，已经说了是修理录音机，所以不用what, 而用how.5.I want to know _.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is lookingC. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after答案：D解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，whom作照顾的宾语。6.Do you know where _ now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live答案：A解析：主句用现在时态，从句不受限制，住在哪里用一般现在时，宾语从句用陈述语序。宾语从句专项练习一、句型转换1. Is itpolite to speak loudly in public places in America? He asks. (改为宾语从句)He asks _ it _ polite tospeak loudly in public places in America.2. Canyou tell me? Where is the post office? (合为一句)Can you tell me _ the post office_?3. Hetold me, “His father doesnt know Mr Brown.” (改为宾语从句)He told me _ his father _know Mr Brown.4. Hedoes not tell the truth, I think. (改为宾语从句)I _ think that he _ thetruth.5. Whatwas wrong with the computer? I couldnt say. (合并为一个句子)Icouldnt say _ _ _ with the computer.二、用适当的引导词填空。1. Theteacher wants to know _ happened yesterday. Sorry, I dont know.2. Please tell me _ to get to the school. You can go there by bike.3. Theradio said _ it would be rainy. Oh, we should take an umbrella.4. DidMum ask _ we had lunch? Yes. Itold her we had lunch at home!5. Betty would like to know _ the train left. At two oclock this afternoon.6. Idont understand _ you dont believe him. Because he often tells lies .7. Theyasked _ he was in the classroom. No, he was at the library.8. Areyou sure _ the earth goes around the sun? Yes.9. Doyou know _ one Betty wants? Yes,she wants the blue one.10. Please help me find out _ he visited last night. Maybe Mr Wang.三.单选选择1. MissGreen didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. wheredoes she liveB. Whereshe livesC. wheredid she liveD. whereshe lived2. Wouldyou please tell me _?A. whendid he come homeB. where wouldhe play footballC. if hehas seen the filmD. why hedidnt watch the game3. Idont know when _.A. willthe train leaveB. thetrain will leaveC. wouldthe train leaveD. thetrain leave4.-Wedont know _.-It issaid that he was born in Sweden.A. whatheisB. if helives hereC. wherehe comes fromD. whichcountry is he from5. Werenot sure if it _ tomorrow