名校牛津M5Unit1 Grammar课件

设计思路：本单元的Grammar主要讲的是不定式和动名词的用法。目的在于让学生了解动词不定式在句中的六个主要作用以及否定式、完成式、进行式、一般式被动、完成式被动、不定式复合结构。第二个语法内容是动名词在句中的四个功能和否定式、完成式、一般式被动、完成式被动、动名词复合结构。,Unit1Module4,GrammarandusageTo-infinitiveandVerb-ingformasanoun,Part1To-infinitive,1.todoasasubjectThecatsaid,“Totakerollercoasteristerrible”.,不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。,Thecatsaid,“Itsterribletotakerollercoaster.”,Howlongdidittakeyoutotakerollercoaster?Howterribleitistotakerollercoaster!,过山车.wmv,不定式作主语常见句型：,a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult)+不定式,b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,onesduty,ashame)+不定式,c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,months,days,patience)+不定式,Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.,ItsmydutytoteachyouhowtobeastudentofNanjingNo.3MiddleSchool.,2.todoasapredictive,Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.,当句子的主语是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。,注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。,Nowtheonlythingwecandoiswait.,3.todoasanobjectThecatsaid“Remembernottotakeitnexttime!”(Tips:不定式否定为notto),a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，如agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish,2005年天津卷12题：Idontwant_likeImspeakingillofanybody,butthemanagersplanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded,当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。,Thecatfeltitterribletotakerollercoaster.,b)只有少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do,does,did时，通常省略to。,Wehavenochoicebuttowait.,Cf.Wecandonothingbutwait.,4.todoasanobjectcomplement,Youshouldgetthemtohelpyou.(Theywillhelpyou.),Theybelievedhimtobehonest.(Hewashonest.),(常用谓语动词有:get,ask,force,order,tell,invite,allow,wish,want,like,expect,advise,beg等。),但在谓语动词believe,find,think,feel,consider,suppose,imagine,prove等后面跟tobe作宾补,不跟todo,Thebossmadeherworklonghours.主语谓语宾语宾补,She主语,wasmade谓语,towork主补,longhours(byherboss).,2005全国卷(I)No.18Whilewatchingtelevision,_.A.ThedoorbellrangB.ThedoorbellringsC.WeheardthedoorbellringD.Weheardthedoorbellrings,2005福建卷No.23IfanyonehappenstodropinwhileImout,_himorherleaveamessage.A.haveB.getC.askD.tell,Tips:有些动词后面须接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,常用的动词有:,make,let,have,see;hear,watch,notice,feel;lookat,listento;help,observe等,但是句子变成被动语态后,不定式成为句子的主语补足语,需带to.,Iwouldrather_(go)swimming.,Youhadbetter_(tidy)yourbedroom.,Whynot_(visit)yourcousininJapan?,go,tidy,visit,Tips:有些句型后面须接不带to的不定式。,Shetoldme_(be)cheerfuland_(look)onthebrightside.,Wehadnothing_(do)but_(watch)TV.,tobe,look,todo,watch,Tips:当两个不定式and,or,expect,but,than或ratherthan连接起来时，第二个不定式符号省略。,5.todoasanattributive,能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt,decision,promise,plan等,Hehasnotkepthispromise_(write)tohisparentsregularly.,不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：,Shemadeadecision_(go)abroadforayear.,towrite,togo,常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。,常见的有ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等,Hiseagernesstofinishhishomeworkwasquiteclear.,序数词,形容词最高级或被only,last,next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。,Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.,Tips:不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。,Hesalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(=Thefirstcomesandthelastleaves.)(主谓关系),Ihavenotimetolistentoyourexcuse.(同位关系),Shehasameetingtoattend.（=attendameeting),Theresnothingtoworryabout.(=worryaboutnothing)(动宾关系),6.todoasanadverbial不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。,soasto(不能放句首),to,inorderto作目的状语,2005年辽宁卷22题：Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_intimeforChristmas.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving,在soasto,suchasto,onlyto结构中不定式作结果状语，其中onlyto用于表示意想不到的结果。,Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadgone.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound,enoughto,tooto结构,Theboyisntoldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.,形容词（glad,happy,lucky,fortunate,surprised,angry,anxious,ready,quick,slow,cruel,clever等）+不定式结构作原因状语,Imgladtomeetyou.,7.作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如tobefrank（坦白地说），tobesure（确实）等。,Totellyouthetruth,Ihateyou.,8.作同位语,Theordertostartthegeneralattacksooncame.,不定式复合结构:以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如前面的形容词指行为的性质就用：forsb.todosth.这种复合结构在句中可作主、表、宾、定、状等。,Itisnecessaryforustogothere.(主语),Thereisnoneedforhimtoleave.(定语),Mysuggestionisforyoutodothejob.(表语),如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用ofsb.todosth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right,wrong,brave,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,silly等。,Itsverykindofyoutocometoseeme.,Itwasfoolishofhimtobelieveher.,Ithinkitwiseofhernottoaccepttheiroffer.,Tips:连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,（不包括why/if），在句中起名词作用，通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain等动词后作主、宾或表语。,NoonecantellmewheretofindJohn.,Whentotheexamisstillunknown.,Theproblemishowtogetenoughmoney.,不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式,不定式的进行式：tobe+V-ing,用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。,SomestudentspretendedtobereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.,不定式完成式：tohave+V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。,2005年江苏卷No.25-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft,2006年四川卷No.26TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames_inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld,Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。不定式的被动式分为一般式被动tobeV-ed和完成式被动tohavebeenV-ed,Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.,=Thequestionisdifficultformetoanswer.,=Itisdifficultformetoanswerthequestion.,Heishardtogetalongwith.,=Itishardtogetalongwithhim.,表语,主语,宾语,不定式,宾语补足语,定语,状语,Homework:P.9Fillintheblankets,usingto-infinitives.P.92C1Answerthequestionsusingto-infinitives.,Thankyouforattention,Part2Verb-ingformasanoun,1.动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。,作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。,Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实),Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.,(单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数),动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：,Itisnouse(good)+动名词：做某事没用(不好),Itsnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)Itsnogoodspittinginpublic.,Thereisno+动名词(=Itisimpossibletodosth.),Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.（未来的事无法知道）,作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别,Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.(此句为SVC结构),可改为：Collectingstampsishishobby.,Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构),不能改为：Collectingstampsishe.,2005年上海卷No.32Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldnotrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost,2006年北京卷No.35.Icantstand_withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.Towork;tostop,作宾语,A.作及物动词的宾语,(stand,admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,understand,avoid,enjoy,practise,miss,finish,keep,suggest,appreciate,escape,miss),2006年江苏卷N0.32-Thereisastoryhereinthepaperabouta110-year-oldman.-Mygoodness!Icantimagine_thatold.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.havingbeen,Tips:有些动词（continue,prefer,begin,hate,like,start,love）后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。,IlikeswimmingbutIdontliketoswiminwinter.,Iprefertodriveratherthantobedriven.,Ipreferdrivingtoriding.,有些动词，如forget,remember,regret等，后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。,2005年北京卷No.30Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered_atheparty,butnot_.A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleaveC.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave,在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语：动词+it（形式宾语）+宾补+动名词（真正宾语）,B.作介词的宾语,2005年浙江卷No.3Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout_hisnotes.A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingon,beusedtodoing习惯于做；lookforwardtodoing盼望做；devoteoneslifetodoing致力于做；spendtime(in)doing花时间做；befondofdoing喜爱做；begoodatdoing擅长做；beproudofdoing为做而自豪；betiredofdoing对做感到厌倦；feellikedoing欲想做；,goondoing继续做（原来的事）；keepondoing不停地做；whataboutdoing做怎么样；thinkofdoing考虑做；beinterestedindoing对做感兴趣；havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困难；bebusy(in)doing忙于做；insteadofdoing做而不做,2005年江苏卷No.23EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand_jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup,作定语,动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写；而现在分词作定语时，可用定语从句改写。,swimmingpool,waiting