《英语国家社会与文化》复习资料

英语国家社会与文化复习题I. Explain the following terms: 1. Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the United States of America. He participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making the US Constitution. 2. King ArthurIt is said that he was the King of England in the 15th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legendsII. Choose the best answer. 1. The first inhabitants in Britain were _.A. the Normans B. the Celts C. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons2. The largest lake in Britain is _. A. the Lough Neage B. Windermere Water C. Coniston Water D. the Lake District 3. Which part of Britain is always fighting? A. England B . Scotland C. Wales D. Northem Ireland 4. The Tories were the forerunners of _ , which still bears the nickname today. A. the Labour Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Social Democratic Party D. the Conservative Party 5. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the _ Movement. A. Boycott B. Civil Rights C. Segregation D. Integration6. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _. A. James Madison B. Thomas Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. George Washingto7. The Renaissance began in _ in the early _ century.A. England, 14 B. England, 15C. Italy, 14 D. Italy, 158. In the 18th century, there appeared _ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines. A. the Industrial Revolution B. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the Roses D. the Religious Reformation7. British Recorded history began with _. A. Roman invasion B. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion 8. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _ by law. A. receive completely free education B. receive partly free education C. receive no free education if their families are rich D. receive no free education at all 9. With regard to its size, the USA is the _ country in the world. A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest10. On July 4, 1776, _ adopted the Declaration of Independence. A. the First Continental Congress B. the Second Continental Congress C. the Third Continental Congress D. the Constitutional Convention11. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? A. In the southeast of England. B. In the northeast of England. C. In the southeast of Scotland. D. In the northeast of Scotland.12. In the aerospace industry, which of the following countries is ahead of Britain ？A. Germany. B. The U.S. C. Russia. D. France.13. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI?A. Boeing. B. Rolls Royce.14. Uncle Toms Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _. A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves15. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI? A. Boeing. B. Rolls Royce. C. McDonnel-Douglas. D. Hawker-Siddeley Aviation.16. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception ? A. Harvard University B. the State University of New York C. Yale UniversityD. Princeton University17. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _. A. investment B. student tuition C. endowments D. government funding18. Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession?A. Germany. B. Japan.C. Britain. D. France.19. Which of the following book is written by Geoffrey Chaucer？ A. The Canterbury Tales B. Beowulf C. King Lear D. Morte D Arthur20. Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism ? A. Keats. B. Shelley. C. Wordsworth. D. Defoe.21. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare ? A. Doctor Faustus. B. Macbeth. C. Frankenstein. D. The Tempest. 22. The following were the main Reformation leader except _. A.Martin Luther B. Martin Luther King C. John Calvin D. The English King Henry VIII23. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to _A. private school. B. independent schools.C, state school. D. public school.24. Which of the following is privately funded university in Britain ? A. The University of Cambridge. B. The University of Oxford. C. The University of Edinburgh. D. The University of Buckingham.25. In the examination called “ the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to _ A. grammar school B. comprehensive schools C. public schools D. technical schools26. In Britain most advertising is carried _ A. in newspaper. B. in magazines. C. on television D. on radio.27. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper ? A. The Telegraph B. The news of the World. C. The Guardian. D. The Times. 28. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism ? A. Catholics. B. Puritains. C. Quakers. D. Church of England.29. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Open University ? A. Its open to everyone. B. It requires no formal educational qualifications. C. No university degree is awarded. D. University courses are followed through TV, radio，correspondence，etc.30. Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution ?A. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.B. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with American Indiana.C. The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with blacks.D. The American had the mixed blood of English and their descendants only.31. There are some _ universities, including the Open University. A. 900 B. 290 C. 90 D. 5032. The expenditure in American public school is guided or decided by_.A. teachers.B. the students.C. headmasters.D. boards of education.33. In the United States school system, which of the following division is true ?A. Elementary school, grammar school B. Elementary school, junior high school . C. Elementary school, secondary schoolD. Junior high school, senior high school.34. What did Frank Whittle do in 1937? A. He invented the first jet plane. B. He developed the first jet engine.C. He made the first powered flight. D. He made the trans-Atlantic flight.35. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _. A. Yale B. Harvard C. Oxford D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology36. The Prime Minister is appointed by _ and he or she always sits in _. A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons B. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords C. the Queen, the House of Commons D. the Queen, the House of Lords 37. In _, a small group of Puritans sailed from _ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, London B. 1620, Plymouth C. 1720, London D. 1720, Plymouth 38. President Jefferson bought _ from France and doubled the countrys territory. A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana Territory C. KansasD. Ohio 39. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _. A. Paul RevereB. John Locke C. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass40. The English Civil War is also called _. A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody Revolution C. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution 41. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _ great population movement in the history of the United States. A. two B. three C. four D. fiveII. Decide the following statements true or false. (以下内容全是正确的，考试时将从中选10个, 做成true or false的形式。 )1. Britains National anthem is - God Save the Queen (God Save the King)2. British Empire （19th century)was called sun-never-setting empire.(日不落帝国）3. Buckingham Palace is the residence of the queen.4. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 5. The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自 由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 6. The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis. 7. Thames river flows through central London and it is a very important river. 8. Normans were people from France (Normans were descendants of Vikings) They eventually replaced Anglo-Saxon rulers. 9. The Enclosure Movement paved the way for Capitalism in Britain. It had two big results: accumulation of capital and increasing supply of cheap labor10. In a constitutional monarchy, the king or queens power is limited by laws of the Nation.11. After World War II, Conservative Party and Labor Party have taken turns being in power12. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 1400) is the father of English poetry. His famous works was The Canterbury Tales.13. General elections are held every 5 years. Every man and woman over 18 can vote (since 1969)14. Charles Dickens (1812 1870) was outstanding representative of critical realism in Britain.15. Jane Eyre is the representative works of Charlotte Bronte (1816 1855) 16. Wuthering Heights is the representative works of Emily Bronte (1818 184817. James Joyce (1882 1941) was considered the most important and influential novelist writing in English. His representative works included Ulysses, Finnegans Wake, etc.18. T. S. Eliot ( 1888 1965) won a Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948. His “The Wasteland” caused an uproar because of its originality and the severity of its attack on English and American society19. Westminster Palace is the seat of the British Houses of Parliament. Most famous part of the Palace is the clock tower, called “Big Ben”20. St. Pauls Cathedral is the biggest and most well-known church in England It is typical example of Renaissance architecture Known for its large dome.21. Westminster Abbey many of the countrys greatest literary and scientific figures are buried there 22. Stonehenge is the Most famous prehistoric monument in Britain, Built over 5,000 years ago23. British children are required by law to have an education until they are 16 years old24. Eton (the public school) the most famous school in the world, Britains biggest boarding school and educator of its social elite since 144025. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest and most well-known Universities in Britain26. Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point of the Civil War. It lasted for three days. 27. Washington D.C. is the capital of US between Maryland and Virginia28. San Francisco in California is the largest Chinese settlement in the United States-over 300,000 Chinese people live there, most in “Chinatown”Part III. Translate the following into Chinese: 15%Norman Conquest 诺曼征服The Monarchy The House of Lords The House of Common Parliament the Glorious Revolution Thatcherism Bloody Mary The Great lakes Robinson Crusoe Puritanism George Washington King Alfred the Origin of Species the English Renaissance The Wars of Rose the Enclosure Movement the Marshall Plan the Declaration of Independence The Black Death the Industrial RevolutionConstitutional monarchy君主立宪制the battle of HastingsFrancis BaconJulius CaesarThe Great CharterThe New DealJoan of Arc Pilgrims Thanksgiving Day-British disease英国病London smog-Winston ChurchillAuld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长Greenwich Royal Observator public schools comprehensive schools VI. Translate the following into Chinese: 1. The first English settlement in North America The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English King. The Colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into colony of Virginia. In 1619, the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses, and the same time they bought and enslaved black servants. These two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the United States later.2. The Open University The Open University was founded in Britain in the 1960s for people who might not get