物种分化速率.ppt

DevelopmentsinNeutraltheory,ThreeAssumptionsinNeutralCommunityEcology,NeutralityassumptionZero-SumassumptionPointmutuationassumption,Hubbell,S.P.2001.Theuniedneutraltheoryofbiodiversityandbiogeography.-PrincetonUniversityPress.,Relaxzero-sumassumption,Etienneetal.(2007):zero-sumandnon-zero-sumformulationsofneutraltheoryhaveexactlythesamesamplingformulawhenthecommunityisinequilibrium.Conlisketal.(2010):asimplecolonizationrulecanyieldHubbellslocalabundancedistributionwithweekerassumption(relaxingzero-sumassumption).,EtienneRS,AlonsoD,McKaneAJ(2007a)Thezero-sumassumptioninneutralbiodiversitytheory.JTheorBiol248:522536.ConliskJ,ConliskE,HarteJ(2010)Hubbellslocalabundancedistribution:insightsfromasimplecolonizationrule.Oikos119:379383.,Relaxpointmutuationassumption-randomfissionspeciation,Hubbell(2001)statedthattheequilibriummetacommunitySADresultingfromrandomfissionspeciationisazero-summultinomial.Ricklefs(2003)providedsomeapproximateformulasforthetotalspeciesrichnessinthemetacommunityunderrandomfissionspeciation.EtienneandHaegeman(2010)deriveanalyticalexpressionsforthedistributionofabundancesaccordingtotheneutralmodelwithrecruitment(i.e.,dispersalandestablishment)limitationandrandomfissionspeciation.,Relaxpointmutuationassumption-randomfissionspeciation,Etienne,R.S.andBart,Haegeman,2010.Theneutraltheorybiodiversitywithrandomfissionspeciation.TheorEcol,Figure5showstheabundancedistributionswiththefittedmodels.Clearlythemodelwithrandomfissionspeciationneverperformssignificantlybetterthanthepointmutationmodel.,Relaxpointmutuationassumption-randomfissionspeciation,Themetacommunityabundancedistributionunderrandomfissionisidenticaltothebroken-stickabundancedistribution,andthusprovidesadynamicalexplanationforthisgrandoldladyofabundancedistributions.,Themetacommunityabundancedistributionunderrandomfission:,Relaxpointmutuationassumption-speciationrateproportionaltoabundance,EtienneRS,ApolMEF,OlffH,WeissingFJ(2007b)Modesofspeciationandtheneutraltheoryofbiodiversity.Oikos116:241258.,Relaxpointmutuationassumption-Protractedspeciation,Protractedspeciation:bymodelingspeciationasagradual,protracted,processratherthananinstantaneousevent.Speciationrate:,whereuisgeneralspeciation-initiationrate.,Protractedspeciation:bymodelingspeciationasagradual,protracted,processratherthananinstantaneousevent.Speciationrate:,whereuisgeneralspeciation-initiationrate.,Relaxpointmutuationassumption-Protractedspeciation,Rosindelletal.,2010.Protractedspeciationrevitalizestheneutraltheoryofbiodiversity.Ecol.Lett.13:716-727.,Relaxpointmutuationassumption-Protractedspeciation,Rosindelletal.,2010.Protractedspeciationrevitalizestheneutraltheoryofbiodiversity.Ecol.Lett.13:716-727.,ThreeAssumptionsinNeutralCommunityEcology,Whiletheneutralityassumptionistheheartoftheneutraltheory,theothertwoassumptionsareassumptionsofparticularmodelimplementationsofthetheory,allowingforanalyticalexpressionsfordiversitymeasures,ratherthanthefundamentalassumptionofthetheoryitself.Amismatchbetweenobservesandtheoreticalpredictionscan,beduetotheseadditionalassumptionsandthereforecannotbeimmediatelyinterpretedascallingforarejectionoftheneutraltheoryasawhole.,RampalEtienne,Etienne,R.S.andBart,Haegeman,2010.Theneutraltheorybiodiversitywithrandomfissionspeciation.TheorEcol,Furtherstudyniche-ovlapped,However,thedegreetowhichrealecologicalcommunitesareacttuallyneutralisamoreopenquestion(GotelliandMcGill,2006).Thatis,whatisadistributionofecologicalcommunitiesalongacontinuumformpurelyneutral,througthweeklynich-structured,tostronglyniche-structured(Adler,H