全新版大学英语听说教程4unit8

UNIT8War,PartA_1_a,LanguageFocus,QuestionsforDiscussion,Whatisyourfavoritebookormovieaboutwar?Howhasitaffectedyouandyourattitudetowardwar?Whatdoyouthinkarethecausesofwar?Whatdamagedoeswardotomankind?Iswareverjustified?,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_1_a,LanguageFocus,Iswaraconstructivewaytoresolveconflicts?Explainyouropinion.Doyouthinkwarcanbeavoided?Whyorwhynot?Haveyouvisitedawarcemeteryorawarmemorial?Ifyouhave,howdidyoufeel?,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_1_demo_a,LanguageFocus,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_1_demo_a,LanguageFocus,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_2,Pre-listeningTask,LanguageFocus,Herearesomesentencesandstructuresthatyoumightfindusefulindiscussingtheabovequestions.,Warisafavoritetopicinnovelsandfilms.Warstoriesdepictthehorrorsofwar/thephysicalandpsychologicalscarsleftbywaronpeople/peoplesheroismintheirfightagainstinvaders.Numerousnovelsandfilmsarebasedonthetwoworldwars.Inhistory,manywarshavebeenwagedbypowerfulnationsonweakeronestosecurestrategic,economicorterritorialgains.,PartA_2,LanguageFocus,Warsometimesbreaksoutbecauseofethnicorreligiousconflicts/territorialoreconomicdisputes/ideologicaldifferences.Warhasalwaysbeenthegreatestsourceofpainandsufferingtomankind.Warisahumantragedy.Soldiersaswellasciviliansdieinmillionsandfamiliesfallapartasaresultofwar.Inpeacetimesonsburyfathers,butwarviolatestheorderofnatureandfathersburysons.,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_2,LanguageFocus,Wariscostlyinmoney,resourcesandhumanlives.Warisjustifiedwhenthemotiveistorestorepeace/defendjustice/rightawrong.Ifacountryisattacked/invaded,ithastherighttofight/strikeback.Theuseofforceisapoorsolutiontoanyproblem.Returningviolenceforviolencemultipliesviolence.Inwar,everyoneloses.Warcreatessufferingforbothsides/allconcernedandeventhosenotconcerned.,Pre-listeningTask,PartA_2,LanguageFocus,Disputesoftenpersistafterwars.Thereneverwasagoodwarandabadpeace.Conflictsarebetterresolvedthroughpeacefulmeans/atthenegotiationtable.Warhasalwaysbeenapartofhumanhistory.Theresalongwaytogobeforewecantotallyeliminateit.Wewillneverbeabletogetridofwaraslongastherearecountriesthatwanttodominateothercountriesthroughtheuseofforce.,Pre-listeningTask,PartB_1_a_1,cemeterygravestoneherbwisteria,ListeningTasks,aburialplace;agraveyard墓地，公墓n.atombstone墓碑n.anyplantwithleaves,seeds,orflowersusedforflavoring,food,medicine,orperfume药草，香草n.aclimbingplantwithhangingclustersofsmallpurple,blueorwhiteflowers紫藤，紫藤属植物,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_1,engravemuleAmmunitionheadstone,v.tocut(words,picturesorpatterns)into(thesurfaceofmetal,stone,etc.)雕刻n.theanimalwhichistheoffspringofamaledonkeyandafemalehorse骡子n.bullets,shells,bombs,etc.thatarefiredfromgunsorcannons弹药，军火n.agravestone墓碑,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_1,dankmedievaldrawupdatefrom,a.wet,coldandunpleasant阴湿的，潮湿的a.oforfromtheMiddleAges中世纪的topullup;tocometoastop停车，停下tohaveexistedsince起源于，追溯到,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_1,YpresCommonwealthDowningStreet,伊普雷（比利时西南部边境的一座城市）BritishCommonwealthofNations英联邦（伦敦）唐宁街,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_2,Warisapermanentfeatureofhumanhistory.Statisticsshowthatinmorethan3,500yearsofrecordedhistory,onlyfewerthan300havebeenwarless.Althoughwarisaverycomplicatedphenomenonandwarsdifferintermsoftheircauses,objectives,scopeandduration,theviolentnatureofwarremainsconstantthroughouthistory.Thedevelopmentofcivilizationdoesnotseemto,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,1.Backgroundinformation,PartB_1_a_2,stopviolence.Onthecontrary,withtheinventionofmoreefficientanddeadlyweapons,warsinmoderntimestendtobemoredevastating.Thetwentiethcenturyisbelievedtobethebloodiestcenturyinhistory.WorldWarIclaimedanestimated10millionlivesandWorldWarII50million,amongwhichnearly70%werecivilians.Thecurrentstateofaffairsintheworldisfarfromsatisfying.Therearewarsgoingonindifferentpartsoftheworldandbothsoldiersandinnocent,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_2,civiliansdieasaresult.Thetext,whichdescribesthespeakersvisittowarcemeteriesinYpres,aBelgiancitywhichwitnessedthedeathsofhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringWorldWarI,servesasareminderofthedestructivenessofwar.2.YpresatowninsouthwesternBelgiumneartheborderofFrance.ItwasakeypointinanAlliedbattlelinethatblockedaGermanapproachtotheEnglish,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_2,ChannelduringWorldWarI(19141918).Becauseofitsstrategicposition,YpreswasthesiteofthreemajorbattlesbetweenGermanyandtheAlliedforces.Morethan250,000BritishandCommonwealthsoldiersandanequallyhugenumberofGermansoldierslosttheirlivesinthebattlesofYpres,whichleftthetownandmostofitssurroundingvillagescompletelydestroyed.AfterthewarYpreswasrebuiltinitsoriginalstyle.Museums,memorials,andcemeterieswerealsosetuptocommemoratethesoldierswhodiedinthewar.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_2,3.NothingcouldhavepreparedmefortherealizationItwouldhavebeenimpossibleformetoimagineandpossiblyunderstandthat4.thePoolofPeaceahugeminecraterinYpreswhichisnowfilledwithwater.OnJune7,1917,duringthethirdmajorbattleatYpres,Alliedsoldiersdetonated(引爆)19mineslaidunderneathGermandefensivepositionsforthepurposeofremovingGermansoldiersfrom,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_2,theMessinesRidge.ThesimultaneousexplosionwassoloudthatitwasheardbyDavidLloydGeorge,thethenBritishPrimeMinisterwhowasinhisstudyin10DowningStreetinLondon.OneofthelargestcraterscreatedbytheexplosionwastheSpanbroekmolenCraterthatmeasures250feetindiameter.ItisnowknownasthePoolofPeace.5.DowningStreetthestreetincentralLondonwheretheofficialresidenceoftheBritishPrimeMinisterissituated,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_2,6.FestivaloftheCatsatraditionalfestivalheldonthesecondSundayinMayinthetownofYpres.Duringthefestival,toycatsarethrowntothecrowdbelowfromthetownsbelltower.Inthetenthcenturywhenthisstrangecustomfirstbegan,livecatswerethrown.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_3,1.a.ThePoolofPeace.b.Hisunclesgrave.c.TheBritishcemeteries.d.TheGermancemeteries.,Listentothepassageandchoosethebestanswerstothequestionsyouhear.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_3,2.a.Afriendofthespeakers.b.Aveteransoldier.c.Atourguide.d.ABelgianhistorian.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_3,3.a.ItisthelargestBritishcemeteryintheworld.b.Itiswellmaintained.c.Itcontains75wargraves.d.Itislocatednexttoalake.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_3,4.a.250,000b.200,000c.550,000d.500,000,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_3,5.a.Becauseitwasthelaststopofthedaysvisit.b.BecausetheGermancemeteryremindedthemofthefiercefightinginWorldWarI.c.BecausetheyrealizedthatmanyGermansoldiershadalsolosttheirlivesinthewar.d.BecausetheatmosphereintheGermancemeterywasespeciallygloomy.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_4,Listentothepassageagainandwritedownanswerstothefollowingquestions.,Howoldwasthespeakersunclewhenhewaskilledinthewar?Hewasonly20yearsold.HowmanyBritishcemeteriesarethereinYpres?Thereare75Britishcemeteries.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_4,Whatisengravedonthewallsofthesecondcemeterytheyvisited?Thenamesof55,000missingsoldiersareengravedonitswalls.WhatistheGermancemeterylike?Therearenoheadstones,noflowers,onlyslabsinthegrass.Thewholeplaceisdarkanddank.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_b_4,HowdidthePoolofPeacecomeintobeing?Itwascreatedbyanexplosion.HowoldistheFestivaloftheCats?Itdatesfrommedievaltimes.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_1_a_script,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,WordBank,Exercise2,Exercise1,LanguageandCulturalNotes,PartB_2_a,YouhavejustheardthespeakertalkabouthisvisittoYpres,aplacewherehundredsofthousandsofsoldierslosttheirlivesduringWorldWarI.Whataspectofwardoesthepassagerevealtoyou?HowistheGermancemeterydifferentfromtheBritishcemeteries?DoyouthinktheGermansoldiersdeservedtodie?Whatdoesthetitle“LifeGoesOn”meantoyou?Exchangeviewswithyourpartner.Youmaymentionthefollowingpointsinyourdiscussion.,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,A.Reflectionsonthetext,PairWork,PartB_2_a,TheheavycostinhumanlivesGermansoldiersvictimsofwartooWarheroesandvictimsrememberedLifegoesoninspiteofwars,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,PartB_2_b1,ASampleTerrorismendangersworldpeaceandthreatensinnocentlives.Somepeoplebelievethattheuseofforceisthewaytorootoutterrorism,butothersarguethatviolenceonlybringsmoreviolenceandthatweshouldfindmoreconstructivewaystofightterrorism.Whichsidedoyoutake?Expressand,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,B.DebatingArgumentsfororagainstusingforceinfightingagainstterrorism,PartB_2_b1,Topic:Istheuseofforcethesolutiontoendingterrorism?Perspectives:Fromtheperspectiveofasurvivorofaterroristattack(positive)Fromtheperspectiveofauniversityprofessor(negative),ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,defendyourviewsfromtheperspectivesgivenbelow.,PartB_2_b1,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,Nowusetheabovesampleasyourmodelandcarryonsimilaractivitieswithyourpartner.,Topic:Iswarnecessaryforpeace?Perspectives:Fromtheperspectiveofapolitician(positive)Fromtheperspectiveofapeaceactivist(negative),PartB_2_b1,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,Belowaresomeideasandexpressionsthatyoumightfindusefulinpresentingyourargument.,Fromtheperspectiveofapolitician(positive)Waranecessaryevilinanimperfectworld.thethreatofwarameanstomaintainpeacefulco-existenceamongnationswagingwartogainpeace/rightwrongs/fightinjusticeandviolence(e.g.aggression,terrorism),PartB_2_b1,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,theuseofforcetocounterviolencemorallyjust;practicallynecessaryToleranceofevilonlystrengthenstheenemyandincreasesevil.victoriesinwarasuccessfulwaytobringourenemiestothenegotiatingtable.Fromtheperspectiveofapeaceactivist(negative):Warathreat,notasolution,topeace.,PartB_2_b1,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,Warbringsdeathanddestructionandcreatessufferingtobothsidesconcerned.Violencebegetsviolence.Theuseofforce,whilejustifiableincertaincases,cannotbringlastingpeace.abetterapproachtoconflictsthroughcommunicationandpeacefulnegotiation,PartB_2_b1,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,non-violentresistanceamoreeffectiveandfarlesscostlymeanstofightinjustice(e.g.thenon-violentresistancemovementsledbyMartinLutherKingJr.inAmericaandGandhiinIndia)Thebeliefthatwarisnecessaryforpeacemayplungetheworldintoanarmsrace,makingpeaceevenmoredifficulttoachieve.,PartB_1_b_script,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,PartB_1_b_script,ListeningTasks,SpeakingTasks,PartB_1_b_3,TestYourListening,Listentothepassageandchoosetherightanswerstothequestionsyouhear.,APassage,PartB_1_b_3,1.a.Headvocatedtheuseofbattleshipsinwar.b.Headvocatedtheuseofairpowerinwar.c.Headvocatedthatgovernmentshouldinvestmoremoneyinbuildingastrongerairforce.d.Headvocatedthatbattleshipsshouldbeusedtogetherwithairplanesinwar.,TestYourListening,PartB_1_b_3,2.a.Theywelcomeditwithinterest.b.Theyreceiveditwithreservation.c.Theyregardeditasunpractical.d.Theydismisseditasfoolish.,TestYourListening,PartB_1_b_3,3.a.Itremainedintactafterthebombing.b.Itwasonlypartiallydamaged.c.Itsankwithinmoments.d.Itcrashedintoanotherbattleship.,TestYourListening,PartB_1_b_3,4.a.ThefailureofMitchellsexperimentresultedinhistransfertoaminorpost.b.Mitchellsexperimentwascriticizedbythemilitary.c.Aftertheexperiment,Mitchellwassentencedtofiveyearssuspensionfromrankandpay.d.Mitchellssuperiorscontinuedtoneglecthistheoryinspiteofthesuccessofhistest.,TestYourListening,PartB_1_b_3,5.a.ToshowthattheJapanesehadmoreadvancedbombersthantheAmericans.b.ToshowthattheJapanesehadalreadyrealizedtheimportanceofairpower.c.ToshowthatMitchellstheorywasrightbutwasprovedwithaheavyprice.d.ToshowthatAmericanbattleshipswerenobetterthanGermanones.,TestYourListening,PartB_1_b_3,6.a.Hewasstubborn.b.Hewasamanofforesight.c.Hewasrebellious.d.Hewasadventurous.,TestYourListening,PartB_1_b_script,TestYourListening,PartD_1_a1,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,ExerciseB,PartD_1_a2,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,ExerciseB,PartD_1_b1,flightcrewdesignatemajorconsumepettytyrannyoppressionpersecutionannihilationvanish,全体飞行员v.指定n.少校v.摧毁a.微不足道的n.暴政n.压迫n.迫害n.灭绝v.消失,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,ExerciseB,B.Thespeechwasmadejustbeforethesoldierswereheadingtothebattle.,PartC_2_b,1.Onwhichoccasionwasthespeechmade?,Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,ExerciseB,A.Thespeechwasmadeafterthesoldiersreturnedfromthebattle.,C.Thespeechwasmadewhenthesoldiershesitatedaboutthebattle.,D.Thespeechwasmadeinordertocallonmoresoldierstofight.,PartC_2_b,2.Whatdidthespeakercallfor?A.Hecalledforfightingforthecountry.B.Hecalledforfightingforallthefamilies.C.Hecalledforfightingforpride.D.Hecalledforfightingforsurvival.,MovieTime,TimetoTalk,Movie,ExerciseA,WordBank,ExerciseB,PartD_1_c,Weknowthatwarsarecruelanddestructive.Mostpeoplehatewars.However,sometimeswecantavoidwarsifwewantfreedom.Sosomewarsarejustandsomeothersareunjust.Desc