大学英语第一册Unit-4

Unit 4New Words wrinkle v.n. Too much sunbathing will wrinkle your skin. The paper has wrinkled where it got wet. Examples: Janet has a wrinkle beside each eye when she laughs. The shirt fits him without a wrinkle. possess He never possessed much money, but he always possessed good health. She possesses the qualities of a wise leader. in the possession ofNew Words bundle a bundle of sticks (that are tied together) a bundle of clothes (that are wrapped up in a cloth or sheet) He had a bundle of newspapers under his arm. The books were tied in bundles of twenty. laundry Do you do laundry today? Theres a self-service laundry on the street corner.New Words accumulate He has accumulated a large collection of books over the last thirty years. Snow soon accumulated on the road, and the traffic was slowing down. launder Send these shirts to be laundered. Washing machines have made laundering much easier.New Words endure usually refers to long-continued sufferings and suggests strength and firmness of mind. Examples: Its hard to endure a toothache. I cannot endure to see children suffer. bless (with) 使具有，使有权得到 I have always been blessed with a good appetite. He is blessed with a good ear for languages; he speaks three fluently.New Words stubborn Hes too stubborn to apologize. Shes as stubborn as a mule - never will she compromise. The reform policy met some stubborn resistance. Stubborn stains (污迹) can be removed using a small amount of this soap powder.New Words stagger He staggered to the door, bleeding from his wounds. He picked up the heavy suitcase and started off with a stagger. catastrophe In the Greek mythology, Cassandra was a princess of Troy who could predict catastrophes. collapse The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. He collapsed in the street and died on the way to hospital.New Words mourn She mourned (for or over) her child for many years. The time to mourn my fathers death is near. I mourned for the loss of my precious youth. We all mourned the destruction of the well-loved building. unload Have you unloaded the parcel from the car? The plane unloaded the passengers at the terminal. Their business is to load and unload aircraft.New Words recover Shes gradually recovering from her illness. He had not yet recovered from the shock. somewhat I was somewhat annoyed by his words. My feelings towards my hometown have changed somewhat. inform If you saw the accident please inform the police. I was informed about this meeting only an hour ago. I informed her that I was unwell and could not come to her party.New Words contribute We contributed clothing for the flood victims. Everyone is called on to contribute ideas. The new policy greatly contributed to the economic development in this region. resume We resumed our discussions after a short rest. Please dont resume reading the text until I tell you to.New Words load Your words took a load off my mind. As the eldest son of the family, he is ready to bear a heavy load of responsibility. These trucks are loaded with coal. Have you loaded the camera (with film)? If you refer to a load of something, you are referring to a large amount of it and emphasizing that it is large. Examples: Weve talked about a load of things. He has a load of friends.New Words fulfill The law has fulfilled its intended end. A nurse has many duties to fulfil in caring for the sick. They failed to fulfil their promise to revive the economy. undertake I want you to undertake all the arrangements. We could undertake the work for the time being. The WashwomanIsaac Bashevis Singer 艾萨克巴希维兹辛格（美国犹太作家） Isaac Bashevis Singer (1904-91) was an American short-story writer and novelist who wrote in Yiddish. Born in Poland, he came to the USA in 1935. Singer is most famous for his short stories, which deal most with the experiences of Polish Jews, particularly those living in the Warsaw ghetto. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1978. Language Focus Para 1 lean on (or against) rest in a sloping position on for support 靠在上，倚在上 Examples The old man stopped and leaned on his stick for a moment to recover. We have to lean heavily on our parents for financial support. Language Focus Para 1 But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant forebears. - Although this washwoman was small and thin, she had a strength that had been passed down to her from her previous generations of peasants. 尽管他很强壮，他还是不能把那块石头举起来。Language Focus Para 1 count out-count one by one 逐一数出 Examples The old lady counted out thirty pence and gave it to the shop assistant.Language Focus Para 2 She was a real find. - We were lucky to have found such an exceptionally good washwoman. find - n. a person or place that is very suitable for a particular purpose and that has been discovered by chance; something valuable, interesting or useful which has been discovered after a search or an investigation Examples: Theyve got this new singer, and shes a real find. This actor was the theatrical find of the year. This rare edition of Dreams in the Red Mansions was a great find I made in a second-hand bookstore.Language Focus Para 3 And the drying! = And just think of all the drying she had to do! (which was not easy for her either) Only God knows what the old woman had to endure . - The old woman had to endure a great deal of hardships. If you say God knows, God only knows, or only God knows you are emphasizing that you dont know something or that you find a fact or event very surprising. Examples: God knows where they have gone! The rain will stop God knows when. God knows what mixture he had drunk the night before. Language Focus Para 4 a certain pride and love of labor with which many members of the labor force have been blessed -(she was) proud and loved to work hard as many people of the working class do. be blessed with Para 5 Nor did he ever give her money. I couldnt understand a word they said, nor could they understand me. He cant see, nor could he hear until a month ago. Language Focus Para 6 a great deal of - quite a lot of大量 Note that the phrase is only used of uncountable or abstract nouns. Examples The government has spent a great deal of money on housing. We spent a good deal of time practicing. There is a great deal of concern over this issue.Language Focus Para 6 speak of显示；证明 The woman never mentioned the tragic death of her child, but her eyes spoke of suffering. Everything in the room speaks of the graceful taste of its owner. These hands spoke of the stubbornness of mankind, of the will to work not only as ones strength permits but beyond the limits of ones power. - The (trembling) hands of the washwoman suggested the determination and will in human nature to work not only as one is physically able to but even more than what ones physical strength permits. Language Focus Para 9 Under the bundle tottered the old woman, her face as white as a linen sheet. = The old woman walked unsteadily while holding up the bundle, and her face was as white as a linen sheet. The first part of this sentence is in the inverted order (倒装) for the purpose of a closer connection to the previous sentence, while the second part is an absolute clause that describes an accompanying circumstance (伴随状况), which could easily be replaced by a clause introduced by and. Absolute clauses can also be used to describe a causal (原因的), temporal (时间的) connection. Examples: All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs. The whole meeting in an uproar (吵闹), the chairman gave up the attempt to take a vote.Language Focus Para 10 stand on ones feet 站了起来；(病后)恢复健康 Examples I have been on my feet all day. She stood on her feet and demanded that everyone listen to her.Language Focus Para 11 rest v. (used as a link verb in this context) be; remain Never shall we rest easy with the honors we have won. You can rest assured that nothing like this will happen again.Language Focus Para 13 If you say God forbid! or Heaven forbid! that a particular thing should happen or be done, you mean that you think it would be a very bad thing and you hope that it will not happen.但愿上帝不让这样的事情发生 Examples God forbid that anything should happen to that poor man. I hope we dont have any trouble with the car God forbid! Language Focus Para 13 What good would such a long life be? = Whats the use of such a long life? / Whats the purpose of such a long life? good - n. benefit; profit; advantage Examples: What good will it do to fuss over (对大惊小怪) such a small thing? Im giving you this advice for your own good.Text B unit 4New Words purchase This is the most expensive purchase I have ever made. Employers are encouraged to purchase shares of stock in the firm. cynical Theyve grown rather cynical about democracy. He is cynical about the possibility of finding true love.New Words compromise Those rumors might compromise her good name. He has compromised himself by accepting bribes (贿赂). I wanted to go to Greece, but my wife wanted to go to Germany, so we compromised on Italy. We cannot compromise with those whose principles are directly opposed to our own.New Words stake In extended use, if you have a stake in something such as a business, property, or idea, you have a share or an interest in it, usually of a financial kind. Examples: We must give young people a stake in the countrys future. He has a deep stake in this business. I have no stake in how the trial comes out. He lost his stakes when the horse finished last.New Words restore The sea air restored his health. The army was called in to restore law and order. reverse Count down in reverse order - 10, 9, 8. Statistics showed a reverse trend to that recorded in other countries. The reverse is true. Some teenagers tend to do the reverse of what they are expected to do.New Words wedlock Wedlock is a word of old use. The expression out of wedlock refers to parents who are not married. A child born out of wedlock is an illegitimate child (非婚生子). attribute He attributed his success to intelligence. Lung cancer has been attributed partially to smoking.New Words commit They were unwilling to commit themselves to any definite answer. The child was committed to the care of an aunt. sustain A light meal wont sustain us throughout a day. The runner can sustain the same pace for hours. We do not have sufficient resources to sustain the project for long. New Words uphold Judge Davis upheld the county courts decision that the gun had been obtained illegally. Its the duty of a police officer to uphold the law. pave These bricks are to pave the courtyard. It is good for health to walk bare-footed on a path paved with pebbles.Language Focus Para 1 on ones mind 压在心头；有心事 When you have something on your mind, you feel worried about it, but when you have something in mind (not in your mind), you are considering it as suitable for some purpose. Examples: My assistant resigned, so Ive got a lot on my mind right now. With that on his mind, he is unable to sleep well. Who do you have in mind for the job?Language Focus Para 2 be good for (指人或其信贷) 有偿还(借款)能力的 Examples: He (or His credit) is good for $5000. Para 4 open a door to 导致；为创造机会Examples: This agreement opens the door to advances in technology. Smiles can open the door to a friendship.Language Focus Para 7 do wrong-commit sin; do evil 犯罪；干坏事 Wrong in the expression is a noun. A wrong is an immoral or unjust action or situation, especially one that causes pain or worry to people. Examples: You didnt do wrong by refusing him. He remembered the wrong done to him.Language Focus Para 9 out of habit 出于习惯 Examples: He smokes out of habit, not for pleasure. I only do it out of habit.Language Focus Para 11 If pride in a good name keeps families and neighborhoods straight, a sense of sha